新编英汉翻译下期课件 6
8. Blue jeans can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and pre-shrunk for the suitably proletarian look. 人们可以买到经过水洗,褪色和缩水处理的牛仔裤,穿起来很像无产者。 9. 任务完成了，但仍不能杜绝以后出错。
13. 在美国旅行期间，给我很深印象的是一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。在我看来，该症状似乎极其普遍常见，这也给社会改革家出了难题。
2.2 增补与省略(P67)
翻译时不能按英文原文的字数翻译,在根据原文所表达和内含的意思进行翻译时,必须用中文的结构和用词行文,这可能会增加或减少词汇,但增词不增义,减词不减义。 (例句15,16,17,18,19,20,21和22见原文67-69页)
翻译练习及参考译文:
1. 这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。
This plane is not big in volume, low in price and pilotless.或 This aircraft is small, cheap and pilotless. 2. 实现这个目标易如反掌。(breeze=轻而易举的事)
Achieving this target is very easy.或
Achieving those targets will be a breeze. (or: will be very easy.)
11. Fantastic Piece of Logic荒谬的逻辑
SydneyJ. Harris锡德尼J ?哈里斯
One of the most fantastic pieces of logic I’ve ever seen in print is the rationale of capital punishment recently offered by Dr. George Crane1, the only syndicated columnist2 who signs himself, \
Fantastic=幻想的, 奇异的, 稀奇古怪的, 荒谬的; rationale=合逻辑的论据,根本原因; syndicate=联合成辛迪加
我在出版物中见到的最为荒谬的逻辑之一，是乔治?克莱恩博士最近提出的有关死刑的逻辑依据。此人是署名中自称“哲学博士、医学博士”的惟一报业辛迪加专栏作家。
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新编英汉翻译下期课件 7
He writes: “Clergymen should stress the fact that without capital punishment, there would be no Christianity at all. If Jesus had not been sentenced to death on the cross, how could there be any Catholic or Protestant churches today? So Christianity owes its very existence to capital punishment.”
Clergymen=教士,牧师, 神职人员; Catholic=天主教徒; Protestant=新教的, 新教徒的;
他写道：“神职人员应该强调这样一个事实：如果没有死刑，就决不会有基督教。如果耶稣不是被处死在十字架上，今天怎么会有天主教或新教呢？因此，基督教的产生应归功于死刑。”
With the use of this tremendous reasoning device, what cannot be justified in history? For instance, without the madness and despotism of King George I3, there would have been no American Revolution and no United States of America.
Device=方法, 手段,装置; despotism=专制统治,
运用这种绝妙的推理手段，历史上还有什么事情能说是没有正当理由呢？比如说，没有 乔治一世国王的疯狂和专制，就不会有美国革命，就不会有美利坚合众国。
Many of the King’s advisers and members of Parliament were in favor of giving the colonies more freedom and self-government and lifting the harsh taxes that had been imposed on them.
Harsh=粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的
国王的顾问和国会议员中，不少人都赞成给殖民地以更多的自由和自治，并取消强加于殖民地的苛捐杂税。
But George I，who eventually went mad, bitterly resisted such advice, and clamped down on the colonists. So we should be grateful to insanity and despotism for resulting in the U.S.A. Ergo, insanity and despotism are good things, just as capital punishment is.
clampe down=取缔, 施加压力; insanity=精神错乱, 疯狂, 愚顽; Ergo=因此, 由是
可是乔治一世最终发疯了，断然拒绝这样的忠告，肆意压制殖民地人民。因此，我们应该庆幸是疯狂和专制导致了美国的诞生。所以说，跟死刑一样，疯狂和专制也是好事。
Let’s keep in mind, too, that the Inquisition in Spain4 was a marvelous thing — because it inaugurated the resistance to Roman Catholicism all over Europe, culminating in the Protestant Reformation. So without the Inquisition, there might have been no Protestant Church, which owes its very existence to religious repression.
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新编英汉翻译下期课件 8
Inquisition=调查, 探究, 审理, (中世纪天主教审判异教徒)宗教裁判所; marvelous=引起惊异的, 不可思议的, 非凡的; inaugurate=举行就职典礼, 创新, 开辟; Catholicism=天主教;
我们还要牢记，西班牙的宗教法庭也是件大好事——因为它引发了全欧洲对罗马天主教的抵抗运动，最终导致了新教改革。因此，没有西班牙宗教法庭，就不会有新教，新教的创立要归功于宗教镇压。
Ergo, once more, Inquisitions are good, just as capital punishment is right, because they result in the creation of a new, reformed church. Praise be to all Inquisitors everywhere.
Inquisitor=宗教法庭审判官, 调查人，审讯人
所以说，就跟死刑有理一样，宗教法庭也是正当的，因为它们导致了一个经过改革的新教派的创立。应该感谢天下所有的宗教法庭审判官。
There is no limit to what the imaginative historian can do with this device, henceforth to be known as “Crane’s Equation.” Since most good things have arisen from the bad conditions that caused them, we should therefore support all bad things on the basis that they will stimulate truth, reason, justice, freedom, and reform.
Henceforth=从此以后；今后;
有了这一推理手段（以后就称作“克莱恩等式”），富有想象力的历史学家就无所不能了。鉴于绝大多数的好事都起源于恶劣的境况，我们可以因此支持所有的坏事，其根据是坏事能激发真理、理性、正义、自由和改革。
Slavery is excellent, because it precipitated the Civil War, and thus took the blacks out of bondage. Obviously, without slavery there could have been no Emancipation. Infectious and contagious diseases are marvelous things, too, since without them we never would have developed out anti-toxins.
Precipitate=使提前或突然发生：使发生; bondage=奴役, 束缚; Emancipation=释放, 解放; anti-toxins=抗毒素
奴隶制是了不起的，因为它引发了内战，把黑人从奴役中解放出来。显然，没有奴隶制，就不会有奴隶的解放。同样，传染病、触染病也是大好事，因为没有了它们，就决不会研制出抗毒素。
同样，各种各样的传染病也全是大好事，因为没有了它们，抗毒素就绝对研制不出来。
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新编英汉翻译下期课件 9
A man needs both a Ph.D and an M.D. to figure these matters out. I am eternally indebted to Dr. Crane for a whole new slant on history. (407 words)
Eternally=永恒地, 常常; indebted =负债的, 感恩的; slant=个人的观点或见解, 倾斜; 歪向
一个人需要既是哲学博士又是医学博士，才能悟出这些道理来。我要永远感激克莱恩博士，感谢他对历史提出了一个全新的看法。
本文作者锡德尼?」?哈里斯（1917-1986),美国报纸撰稿人和作家，其见解和言论经常被人援引。这里选取的是他的一篇反讽式的论说文。 1 2 3 4
George Crane:乔治?克莱恩（美国报业辛迪加专栏作家）。
syndicated columnist:通过稿件辛迪加在多家报纸上同时发表文章的专栏作家。 King George I:乔治一世（1660-1727,英国汉诺威王朝第一代国王）。
the Inquisition in Spain:西班牙的宗教法庭开始于15世纪80年代，其审讯、迫害目标是犹太人和新基督教 徒。
这场残酷的迫害先后持续了三百多年，直至19世纪初，西班牙才废除宗教法庭。
2.3 正译与反译(P69)
肯定说法为正说,否定说法为反说,在翻译实践中,正说和反说可以保持,但也应该根据实际情况的逻辑关系进行转换。
(例句24,26,27,28,29和30见原文69-71页)
翻译练习及参考译文:
23. Another person runs to avoid doing anything else, to dodge a decision about how to lead his life or a realization that his life is leading nowhere.
Dodge=躲避; realization=实现,领会; nowhere=无处, 到处都无,遥远或不知道的地方;
23. 另一个人跑步是为了避免做其他的事，逃避对如何生活做出决定，无视自己人生的碌碌无为。 另一个人跑步是为了避免做别的事,不去决定到底应该怎样生活,也不去想一想为何他的人生碌碌无为。
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新编英汉翻译下期课件 10
24. 当然大家都想到了会感觉吃惊，但万没料到会如此大吃一惊。 当然大家都想到了会感觉吃惊，但出乎意料的是竟然大吃了一惊。
25. He had an aversion to yielding so completely to his feelings, choosing rather to absent himself; and eating
once in twenty-four hours seemed sufficient sustenance for him. Aversion=讨厌的人或事物; sustenance=营养物
他讨厌完全屈服于自己的感觉,宁愿不去吃饭,24小时吃一顿饭对他好像就足够了。 26. 我在遇到你母亲之前就认识她了。
2.4 抽象与具体(P71)
英语原文的抽象概念可以转换成具体概念,具体概念也可以转换成抽象概念。 (例句31,33和34见原文71-72页) 翻译练习及参考译文:
32.Again, therefore, she applied herself to the key, and after moving it every possible way, for some instants, with the determined celebrity of hope’s last effort, the door suddenly yielded to her hand.
Apply oneself to=致力于; celebrity=声望,名声; yield to= .屈服于,陷入,服从 （搬弄，鼓捣，摆弄，拨弄） 因此, 她又摆弄起了钥匙, 怀着最后一线希望，果断用力地尝试不同的开锁法，不一会儿, 柜门突然打开了。 33. 留心一下他对我那可怜丈夫说的话，还有比这更气人的吗？（更令人厌恶的吗？） 2.5 分句与合句(P72)
所谓分句法就是把原文某句话分解成两个或以上的句子进行翻译;而合句法就是把原文两个或以上的句子合并成一个句子进行翻译。
(例句37,38和39见原文72--74页)
翻译练习及参考译文:
35. The day before I was to leave I went walking across the river to the red mesa, where many times before I had gone to be alone with my thoughts. Mesa=方山, 平顶山
临行前一天,我徒步趟河去了红台山；我曾去过那里多次，独自一人静思。
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