《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy. However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy. People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows one couple to have only one child. Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children. Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance. I will now clarify these misunderstandings.
As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy. Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.
First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas. For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas. In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have. We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.
Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment. The sex ration at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born. This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.
The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy. I would like to cite two interesting examples. My first example is the Republic of Korea. In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117. I believe there was no family planning policy in the ROK. My second example is Singapore, whose sex ration at birth in 1984 was 109. Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two main reasons. The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth. Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security system in rural areas.
The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth. This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights. Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas. Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas called as reverse selection of population quality. I have two points to make in this regard. The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there. The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas. If a stringent One Child Policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families. Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.
9.5 联合国驻华协调代表谈中国的家庭与人口
家庭问题是十分复杂的，与经济、社会和文化等各方面的发展息息相关。世界各地有充分证据表明，老龄化、人口迁徙和艾滋病等引起的家庭结构及规模的变化，将在经济、社会和文化上对家庭产生负面影响，除非我们仔细研究、认真对待这些问题。
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《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
中国的情况也不例外。中国是世界上人口最多的国家，自20世纪50年代起，中国经历了一个人口快速增长的时期，现有的13亿人口以每年700万人的速度在增长。中国政府一直将关系到每个社会成员衣食住行等家庭问题作为首要问题来对待。中国家庭一般三代同堂，近年来有所变化。
中国致力于改革已经20多年，拥有强大的体制和勤劳的人民，这些使中国取得了前所未有的成就，使四五亿人口成功摆脱贫困，使中国成为世界上最大的贸易国之一，并完成了大部分联合国千年发展目标，其中有些目标比预期的2015年提前了整整11年。然而，正如去年3月发布的中国千年发展目标进度报告所指出，一些老问题依然存在，而快速发展又产生了一些新得问题。东部和西部之间、农村和城市之间、男性与女性之间的发展日益不平衡，是急需尽快解决的紧迫问题。同时，经济与社会、人类与自然的发展的矛盾也日渐突出。家庭，尤其是贫困家庭，面临艾滋病的威胁，缺乏机会，无法享受各种资源和服务，生存环境日益恶化。中国政府正努力通过自己的千年发展目标来应对这些挑战，也就是力争到2020年实现全面小康社会。
中国国家人口与计划生育委员会以及其他各级政府部门担负着保证家庭问题与国家整体发展进程紧密联系的挑战和责任。帮助完成这一使命符合我们的共同利益。
Lesson 11
11.3 倾销与反倾销
如一公司以低于其国内市场正常水平的价格出口产品，则被视为“倾销”。 这是不公平竞争吗？意见各不相同。但许多国家政府针对倾销采取措施，以保护其国内产品。《WTO协议》对此未作判断，而将重点放在了各国政府能够或者不能够对倾销做出反应上，为反倾销措施制定规则。 这一协议通常被称为《反倾销协议》。//
典型的反倾销方法是对来自特定的出口国的特定产品征收额外进口关税，以便使其价格接近“正常价值”，或消除对进口国国内产业造成的损害。
一般来说，美国、欧盟、澳大利亚和加拿大一直是反倾销措施的主要采取国。在WTO的档案中，记录了这四个国家采取反倾销措施的案例占全部案例的45%。//
为什么发展中国家容易成为反倾销的对象呢？
首先是，出口型经济容易导致贸易纠纷。因为积极参与出口是凡占国内经济的捷径，许多发展中国家实行了出口型的政策。结果，他们的经济比发达国家更依赖外贸，这样，在发展中国家和发达国家间出现许多摩擦就没有什么奇怪了。//
其次，从发展中国家出口的产品价格十分低廉。因为他们的劳力比起发达国家便宜许多，生产成本低是显而易见的。况且，发展中国家的产品通常设计比较不精美、不完善、这也会影响到价格。相比之下，在发达国家的劳动密集型工业都是暮年产业，比起知识型产业他们很没有竞争力。他们的产品价格在他们国内高得出奇，这个因素很容易引起国内产业和管理部门的注意。//
11.4 ABC of the WTO
A: With the development of globalization, international economic organizations are playing a more important role. What are the major economic organizations in the world nowadays? Could you please tell me briefly about them, not only about their common characteristics in international trade practice, but also their particular features? B: 三个主要的国际经济组织是世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织。世界贸易组织是于1995年从关贸总协定发展而来的，它是一个在贸易规则基础上进行贸易谈判的论坛，也是一个解决国家之间贸易争端的世界性组织，其核心作用是处理成员国之间的贸易关系。
相比之下，世界银行和国际货币基金组织是单独与其成员国打交道。他们对工业化国家影响很小，但是对发展中国家出现经济危机时，或者这些国家在寻找更多的外汇资源时却有较大的影
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《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
响。
A: The WTO has replaced the GATT and is much more than the GATT.Could people say in another way that the WTO is the multilateral trading system?
B: 从某种意义上可以这么说。在多边贸易体制下，成员国之间采取多边谈判的方式使国际贸易规范化以及解决贸易争端。通过这种方法，世界贸易就会顺利运行，世界资源就会被有效利用。50几年来，GATT和WTO在发展国际贸易方面起到了重要作用。就像你刚才所说的，WTO比GATT覆盖的范围更广了、内容更丰富了。所以，多边贸易体制正在持续发展。
A: The WTO is a very busy and influential organization. Do all member governments have to obey the rules set by the TWO?
B: 不是这样。WTO是以贸易规则为基础的成员国制组织。也就是说，所有的决定都是由成员国政府制定的，所有的规则都是在成员国之间谈判的成果。换句话说，WTO的所有决定都是通过协商而制定的，是民主可靠的。 A: The economy in developed countries is more powerful than that in developing countries, and much more powerful than that in underdeveloped countries. As an international economic organization, is the WTO’s decision-making under the control of the developed countries?
B: 总而言之，这是不可能的。所有的成员国都有同等的投票权，而且发展中国家的数量比发达国家多。但是，WTO是个国际组织，而发展中国家在经济实力方面似乎弱一些，这就意味着在全球化方面他们不能起到主导作用。但不论怎么说，发达国家不可能通过他们的经济实力来控制WTO。WTO是一个以规则为基础的组织，而这些规则不是由某些国家或集团制定的，所有的决定都是取决于多数人的意见。
A: Can a WTO body directly impact on or change a government’s policies? Does the WTO control the governments of member states?
B: 只有一种情况WTO会对政府的政策产生直接的影响，那就是当一个争端提交给WTO ，而且需要通过争端解决机构进行裁决的时候。一般情况下，争端解决机构是通过专家组成的决定或者是上诉报告进行裁决的。
即使是这样，裁决的幅度也是很小的。它通常是一个简单的判断或者是说明，指出该国政府是否已经违反了WTO的协议，是否该国政府已经违背了她必须遵守的诺言。除此之外，WTO没有要求政府采用或改变特定的政策。
A: Trade is the most important matter that the WTO is concerned with. So some people think that the WTO is willing to do anything to promote free trade. What is your opinion on this?
B: 这是对世界贸易组织许多误解之一。WTO体制的原则之一就是各国应该降低贸易壁垒，让贸易更加自由。毕竟，各国从降低贸易壁垒中扩大了贸易并从中获利。但是，成员国之间讨价还价最多的是究竟要降低到什么程度。他们谈判的立场取决于他们情愿降到什么程度，以及他们能从其他成员国获得多少回报。一个国家的承诺变成了另一个国家的权利，反之亦然。
A: “Fair competition” is one of the basic principles of the WTO. International trade should be fair in competition. How does the WTO ensure that this principle is obeyed? B: WTO 已经草拟一系列规则。这些规则详细说明了什么是“公平”什么是“不公平” ，以及政府应该对“不公平”做出什么反应。如果违背WTO的规则，受害方可以采取反倾销或者“补偿措施”进行补救。
我想要指出的是 WTO不是个自由贸易组织，而应该是一个多贸易组织。作为多边贸易组织，它允许关税和其他形式的保护形式的存在。然而，WTO的目标是消除贸易壁垒，鼓励公平、正当和自由的竞争。
11.5 Speech by President Hu Jintao at the opening ceremony of the 2005 FORTUNE Global
Forum in Beijing Distinguished Mr. Richard D. Parsons,
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《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
Honored guests, Ladies and gentlemen,
Good evening! I am very delighted to be with you here to join in the opening ceremony of the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing on this beautiful evening. To begin with, I’d like, on behalf of the Chinese government, and also in my own person, to express my sincere welcome to all of you, and congratulations to the forum sponsor, Time Warner Inc.// ?.
Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program pioneered by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation never seen in the country before. In a short span of 26 years from 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP increased from 147.3 billion US dollars to 1.6494 trillion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 9.4 percent. Its foreign trade rose from 20.6 billion US dollars to 1.1548 trillion US dollars, averaging an annual growth rate of over 16 percent.// China’s foreign exchange reserve increased from 167 million US dollars to 609.9 billion US dollars. The number of poor rural people has dwindled from some 250 million to 26 million. The overall national strength of China has increased remarkably and the texture of life of its people improved steadily. // While inheriting and carrying forward their proud past, the 1.3 billion Chinese people are writing a new chapter in history as they march with one mind on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We in China have identified the goal for the first 20 years of this century. That is to firmly seize the strategic opportunities to build a moderately prosperous society of higher standards in an all-round way for the benefit of our over one billion people. By 2020,we will quadruple China’s GDP of 2000 to approximately 4 trillion US dollars with a per capital level of some 3,000 US dollars, and further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.? Ladies and Gentlemen,
China and the rest of Asia and the world at large are closely related when it comes to development. A developing China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and the world over. By the end of 2004, China had attracted a total of 562.1 billion US dollars in FDI, approved the establishment in China of more than 500,000 foreign-funded enterprises and created a huge import market of some 560 billion US dollars annually.//
At present, most countries and regions have enterprises with investments in China, and over 400 firms out of the FORTUNE 500 have invested in China. The number of R&D centers set up by foreign investors in China has exceeded 700. As China becomes more developed, its cooperation with other countries and their corporations of various types is bound to increase in scale. //
China will keep opening up its market, find new ways of using foreign capital, improve laws and regulations for encouraging and protecting foreign investors, revamp foreign economic management, step up protection of intellectual property rights, and work still harder to help foreign investors and create an even better environment for trade an
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《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
economic cooperation between China and the rest of the world.?
Facts have proved that such cooperation serves our mutual interests. We look forward to continued expansion of your investment in China and your still closer economic and technological cooperation with Chinese enterprises. I believe that you will give greater scope to the advantages of your companies and your rich managerial expertise and play a critical role in facilitating international economics and technological cooperation and promoting economic development regionally and globally. Let us join hands and work together to contribute a greater share to world peace and common development.
May I conclude by wishing the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing a complete success. Thank you! //
Lesson 14
14.3 Speech at the Forum on Revitalizing the Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China Ladies and gentlemen,
Good morning. “The Forum on Revitalizing the Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China”, co-hosted by the State Council’s Office of the Leading Group for Revitalizing Northeast China and Other Old Industrial Bases, the Ministry of Commerce, the Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provincial governments and the organizing committee of the CIFIT, is being held in Xiamen as scheduled. This CIFIT features a series of activities for revitalizing the old industrial bases in Northeast China. First, on behalf of the Ministry of Commerce, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Director Zhang Guobao, and the leaders of the three northeastern provinces in China. My thanks also go to the Organization of Economic and Cooperative Development, the International Financial Corporation and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency for their support. Also, I would like to extend my warm welcome to all the delegates.
Supporting those old industrial bases to accelerate adjustment and reconstruction is a major strategic decision made by the CPC central committee. Speeding up the process is not only the urgent demand of northeast China for its own reform and development but also an important strategy to realize the harmonious development of China’s economy and society. The success of the strategy is the key to the sustainable development of China’s economy.
The old industrial bases in northeast China boast a batch of enterprises in strategic industries such as energy, raw material and equipment-manufacturing, and they once made great contributions to the nation’s economic construction. However, with the deepening of China’s economic restructuring, the problems faced by those old industrial bases have become more and more prominent, such as the lower level of marketization and opening-up to the outside world, the unitary structure of the ownership economy, tardiness in the adjustment of the industrial structure, aging of the equipment and technology and the immense pressure on social security and employment. All these require us to do some brainstorming and come up with effective measures.
The plan to revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China is a comprehensive system and the policies for adjustment cover all aspects. Nevertheless, opening more widely to the outside world, absorbing overseas investments, bringing in capital, technology and managerial expertise, and promoting the development of the old industrial bases and the reform and restructuring of sate-owned enterprises are the major measures to revitalize northeast China and other old industrial bases. The biggest selling-point for northeast China is the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. By cooperating with large or medium-sized state-owned enterprises, their former
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