Unit4 Earthquakes
一、重点单词及词性变化
1. _________ n.国家，民族；国民→_________ adj.国家的，民族的
2. ________ [U]污垢，泥土→_________ adj.脏的
3. _________ [C]苦难，痛苦→_________ vt& vi.遭受，忍受；vi.受苦；患病 4. ___________adj.极度的，极端的→___________ adv.极度地，极端地
5. ___________vt.损害，伤害，损伤→___________ adj.受伤的→___________ n. 伤害，损伤 6. ___________ n.幸存者；生还者；残存物→___________vi.存活，活着 vt.从…中存活下来； 7. ___________ adj.无用的；无效的 →___________adv. 无用地；无效地→___________n.无用
→反义词：___________adj. 有用的
8. ___________vt& vi. （使）震惊；震动 n.休克，震动→___________adj.（某人）感到震惊的
→___________ adj.（某事）令人震
惊的
9. ___________ n.& vt. 救援，营救→___________n.救援者；营救者 10. ___________ n.灾难，灾祸→___________ adj.灾难性的；极糟的
11. ___________vt.使惊吓；吓唬；使害怕→___________adj. (某人)感到害怕的，受惊的
→___________adj. （某事）令人恐惧的
12. ___________ n.祝贺，祝辞，贺词→___________ vt.祝贺
13. ___________ n. 裁判员；法官 vt.判断→___________ n.判断；判决；意见；看法 14. ___________ vt.表示，表达 n.快递，快车→___________ n.表示，表达（法），表情
→___________ adj.表情的，表现的
15. ___________ n.骑自行车的人→___________ vi.骑自行车
二．重点单词的固定搭配
1. burst vi. vt. (burst---burst---burst) 使某物爆炸，胀破，爆破, 破裂 burst in/into a door/ room /building 突然进入门/房间/大楼 burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然…起来
He burst into the room without knocking at the door. 他没有敲门就突然进入房间. The plane crashed and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁起火了.
All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.=All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs 他们全都突然笑起来/哭起来/唱起来. 单项填空
Every time he thought of his past, he couldn’t help bursting. A. when; out tears B. that; into crying C. which; into tears D. /; out crying
解析：选D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词， 引导状语从句。故选D。 巩固练习
听到这个消息，他放声大笑起来。
On hearing the news, he ________ _______ ________. 她母亲去世的消息使她大哭起来。
The news that her mother died made her ______ _______ crying.
burst out laughing / burst into laughter ，burst out
2. shock v. & n. 使震惊，使难以置信 1) be shocked at…对…感到震惊
We were shocked at the news. 我们都对这个消息感到震惊。 2) be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事
She was shocked to the man by his actions.他的行为把她吓得目瞪口呆。 3) It shocked sb. to see/hear看到/听到使…某人震惊
It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children. 看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。 4)be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击
The news of his wife's death was a shock to him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
3. rescue n.& vt. 援救，营救 常用结构：
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……从……营救出来 come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。
用rescue的适当形式填空
①The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship. ②The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday. ③We ________________ and pulled him out of the lake.
①has been rescued ②rescued ③came to his rescue
4. judge n. 法官；鉴赏家；裁判 vt.判断；估计 His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。 She’s a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。 The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。 Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。 常用结构：
judgment n.判断，辨别力
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断…… judging from...从……来看， 根据……判断
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。
(1)单项填空
the hat he , the old man is a farmer. A. Judging from; is wearing B. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; putting D. Judged by; is putting
（2）用judge的适当形式填空
①from his appearance, he must be a rich man. ②In her, he must be from the south.
(1)解析：选A。judging from为固定搭配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。 (2)①Judging ②judgment
5. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭。既可指实际的东西，也可指抽象的东西。
n.［U］毁坏；毁灭 ［C］（常用作复数）废墟
常用结构：
in ruins严重损坏；破败不堪；落空
bring sb to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产 bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡
fall/go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉 ruin oneself毁掉自己
Laziness will ruin one’s prospects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。
We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii. 我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。 单项填空
①I was by that law case.
A. ruined B. ruined C. damaged D. destroyed
②Many old temples ruins are now being rebuilt.
A. on B. by C. with D. in
①解析：选A。句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。
②解析：选D。in ruins为固定搭配，意为“处于颓废状态”。
巩固练习
他因为自己的粗心而毁了自己的前程。
He ________ his prospects(前程) by carelessness. 很多教学楼都坍塌了。
Quite a few teaching buildings have fallen _______ ________.
ruined，in ruins
6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于 常用结构：
be buried alive 被活埋
bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等) =be buried in
bury one’s head in the sand 自欺欺人，逃避现实
If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won’t be long before you find yourself left behind. 如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实，那么不用多久，你就会发现自己落后了。
选词填空（burying/buried）
I have a sigh, my head in my hands. buried
7. trap vt & n困住；使陷入危险 常用结构：
be trapped in…困在….中，陷在….中 trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事
The guests were trapped in the fire.旅客被火给困住了
They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.他们诱骗她说出礼物藏的地点
She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
8. shelter n.避难所；庇护；庇护所 v.保护；隐匿；庇护 常用结构：
shelter from躲避；避开
shelter oneself为自己辩解；给自己找借口 take shelter躲藏；避难
Under (the) shelter of在…的庇护(或保护)下
The refugees' main requirements are food and shelter. 难民的主要必需品是食物和住所。
These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight. 这种植物必须遮起来，免受阳光直射。 We took shelter from the storm in a barn. 我们在一个谷仓里躲避暴风雨。
三、重点词组及拓展
1. right away 立刻，马上
I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。 拓展
right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，马上
2. think little of…忽视/不重视…，对….评价很低。类似此结构的短语还有： think well/highly/much/a lot /a great deal of…重视…，对…评价很高 think little/badly/ill/not much/poorly of…忽视/不重视…，对…评价很低
特别要注意此结构的被动语态：
His works are highly thought of by readers.他的作品深受读者的推崇。 I don’t think much of his new book.我认为他的新书不怎么样。 拓展
What do you think of ...?认为……怎么样？ think about考虑；回想；想起 think of考虑；记忆，记起
think sth. over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑
The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 政府非常重视他的发明，因为它将有益于全国人民。
The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project. 那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。 He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays. 他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。
I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。
Please think over what I said. 请仔细考虑我说的话。
巩固练习
其他学者对他的理论评价不高。
The other scholars _______ ______ _______ his theory. 他的电影深受年轻人的推崇。
His films are _______ _______ _____ by the young. 我认为他的新书不怎么样。
I ______ ________ _______ his new book.
thought little of ， highly thought of ，don't think much of
3. at an end 结束，终结（= finish） 拓展
end n.& v. 结事，终结 与end搭配的常用短语 at the end of在……末尾
by the end of到……末为止(常用于过去完成时态） in the end最后，终于
The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。
By the end of last month ,I had planted thousands of trees.到上个月末,我已经种了数千棵树了。
用所给短语的适当形式填空
at the end of, by the end of, in the end (1) How many English words had you learned________________ last term? (2) He became an outstanding doctor ________________.
(3) My uncle will fly to China_____________________ this year. ①by the end of ②in the end ③at the end of