4. the number of “……的数量、数目”,作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The number of competitors is limit. 参赛者的数量是有限的。 A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。 扩展：
a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数，意为“大量的”；
a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可数名词，意为“大量的”；
a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可，意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ..., large quantities of ...作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。如：
Large quantities of money have been sent there. A large quantity of books has been offered to us.
单项填空
During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased. A. have B. has C. was D. were
解析：选B。the number of+复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单数，意为“……的数量”。
巩固练习
1. a (great) number of ; the number of
1 _________________ students ________(have) lost interest in learning because of too much ○
homework.
2 __________________ the students in our school _______ (be) increasing year by year. ○
A great number of ; have The number of ; is
四．重要句型
1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场，鸡甚至猪都太不安而无法吃东西。
too+adj./adv.+to…表示“…太…而不能…”。如：
She’s too young to go to school.她太小了，不能去上学。 It’s too early for us to go now.我们现在就去太早了点。（太早了而不能去）
注意：当“too”前有not，never，much，all，far，only等修饰时，此结构“to do sth”部分就表达肯定意义。如：
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
Swimming is not too difficult to learn.游泳并不十分难学。
We are only too pleased to go with her.我们非常乐意和她一起去。
2.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来，寻找藏身的地方。 looking for places to hide是现在分词短语，在此作伴随状语。现在分词做状语，可以作时间、条件、原因、方式等状语。如：
The earthquake which caused the tsunami happened deep under the sea, killing more than
200,000people.引起海啸的地震发生在深海，杀死了超过200，000人。（结果状语）
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。（原因状语）
3.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是那天晚上这个城市（指唐山）里的一百万人像往常一样入睡，这些人轻视这些事（这里指地震发生前的那些具有征兆性的事）
（1）who thought little of these events是非限制定语从句，先行词是前面的the one million people,补充说明这一百万人的情况。如：
We won the game, which shocked everybody.我们赢得了比赛，这件事震惊了所有人。 Beijing, where I have lived for five years, is my second home.北京是我的第二故乡，我已经在这生活了5年。
4.It seemed as if the world was at an end.仿佛世界终结了。
（1）as if 仿佛，好像=as though，常与seem，look，appear等表象系动词搭配使用（作为表语从句），也可以直接引导方式状语从句。
注意：当as if/though引导的从句表示的情况是事实或者具有很大可能性时，从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气，如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain. It’s cloudy. 看起来好像要下雨了。天空乌云密布。
若表示的不是事实，而是主观想象或比喻时，或者从句表示的情况可能性很小，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气表现形式如下： as if/though引导的从句的情况 从句谓语动词的形式 例句 She speaks English very well as though she were a foreigner.她英语说得非常好，好像她是一个外国人。 They talked as if they had been friends for many years.他们交谈得好像他们是多年的老朋友。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something．他张开嘴好像要说什么。 5．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万的家庭被杀死，许多孩子成为孤儿。
were left without parents是leave…without parents的被动态，这是leave +宾语+宾补的复合结构，表示使…处于某种状态。
leave +宾语+宾补，宾补可以是：
① 形容词：You’d better leave the windows open.你最好让窗户开着。
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 与将来事实相反 would／could／might＋动词原形 ② 副词：You must leave the radio on.你必须让收音机开着。
③ 现在分词：They all walked out and left me sitting there all by myself.他们都走出去了，留
我一个人坐在那里。（现在分词作宾补，与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系） ④ 过去分词：He left the work half finished.他工作完成一半。（过去分词作宾补，与宾语存
在逻辑上的被动关系）
⑤ 介词短语：Don’t leave her in the rain.别把她留在雨中。
6.All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破灭了（并非所有的希望都不见了）。
句中All...not...（或者Not all...）是表示部分否定的句型。意为“并非所有都...”,否定词not，never，hardly等无论位于all之前还是之后，都是表示部分否定“并非所有都...”。如： All that glitters is not gold.=Not all that glitters is gold并非所有闪光的都是金子。 【拓展】部分否定和全部否定
部分否定就是使用否定词not或never等来否定表示全部概念的词（如：all， both，every以及由every合成的不定代词）。其意义均为“不都??”，“并非所有??都??”。需要说明的是：not或never否定这些词时，并非总是放在它们前面，否定词也可置于这些词之后。 全部否定是指句子使用了表示全部否定的词，这些词都表示绝对没人（事，物等）。可以表示全部否定的词有neither、none、no one、nobody、nothing等
① both用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时要用neither。如， Both of us are not teachers.我们两不都是老师。（部分否定，表示一个是老师，一个不是） Neither of us is a teacher. 我们两个都不是老师（全部否定） ② all用于否定句也是表示部分否定，表示全部否定时用none，no one或者no+名词。如： All the ants don’t go out for food.=Not all the ants go out for food.不是所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。（部分否定）
None of the ants goes out for food. 没有蚂蚁出去觅食。（全部否定） No ants go out for food.(全部否定）
翻译下列句。
1. 并非所有的学生都喜欢上网。(not all ; be fond of )
________ _________ the students __________ _______ _______ surfing the Internet. ________ the students ________ _______ _________ ________ surfing the Internet.
7. Workers built shelters for survivorshome had been destroyed.工人为房子已经被毁的幸存者建造避身所。
8. …..of no use没用的，无用的
of+抽象名词（value, use, help, importance, benefit, interest等）表示人或物的特征，等于其形容词形式：valuable, useful, helpful ,important, beneficial, interesting，而且这些名词前可用little, no, some, any, no, great, much等修饰（当用little和no修饰时表否定）。如： His words are of no use=His words are useless.他说的话没用。
I find it of benefit to help others solve problems.= I find it beneficial to help others solve problems我发现帮助别人解决问题是有好处的。
9.As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty years ago.正如你所知道的，这是30年前地震发生的日子。
As you know是as引导的非限制定语从句。as可作关系代词引导非限制定语从句，表示
说话人的看法，依据，态度等，常翻译为“正如…那样”。as引导的非限制定语从句可以放句首、句中和句末。 类似的结构还有：
as we (all) know=as is known to us/all正如大家都知道的那样； as we expected=as is expected正如所期待的那样； as is said before正如之前说的那样； as is reported正如被报道的那样；
as you/we can see正如你/你们/我们所看到的那样等
如：As is reported, Kaka is going to transfer to Orlando City.正如报道说的那样，卡卡即将转会到奥兰多城俱乐部。
课堂综合练习
1．One minute she burst into ________，and the next she burst out ________.We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.
A．crying；laughter B．tears；laughing C．tears；laughter D．crying；laughing
2．______ people who ______ killed or injured reached more than 400,000. A．The number of；was B．a number of；was C．The number of；were D．A number of；were
3．Three－fourths of the homework ______ today. A．has finished B．has been finished C．have finished D．have been finished
4．That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen. A．that B．which C．whose D．what
5. He was so ________ thought that he didn’t see the tree on the road and ran into it. A．buried in B．careful withC．busy with D．serious about
6．The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one－third ______ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.
A．is B．areC．was D．were
7．The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it ________yesterday. A．was happening B．happens C．has happened D．happened
8．My cousin came to see me from the country，________ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A．brought B．bringingC．to bring D．had brought
9.When he learned that his brother had returned from abroad, he set off to his home _____. Which of the following is not OK?
A. immediately B. right away C. right then D. right now
10. We don’t need to do extra work this evening. The day’s work was almost ______ now.
A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end
五．语法
定语从句（Ⅰ）：关系代词引导的定语从句；介词+whom/which引导的定语从句
定语从句指在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的代词或名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
Merlin is a young man.（形容词young作定语） Merlin has magic.
定语从句
Merlin is a young manwho has magic.（who has magic句子做定语，修饰a young man） 关系代词：who、whom、whose、that、which、as 先行词 关系词 （引导词）关系副词：when、where、why
ⅰ关系代词引导的定语从句： 关系代词 that 先行词 人或物 在从句中的作用 作主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 作主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） 例句 The one that won the award is the top singer in China.赢得奖项的那个人是中国的顶尖歌手。（作主语） I like the pen (that) you gave me.我喜欢你给我的那支钢笔（作宾语） which 物 The story which moved them to tears is written by John.把他们感到哭的那个故事是约翰写的。（作主语） The dress (which) you wear is nice.你穿的这件连衣裙和好看。（作宾语） who 人 作主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） The teacher who is giving the speech comes from Australia.正在作演讲的那个老师来自澳大利亚。（作主语） Do you know the girl (who) he mentioned at the meeting yesterday.你认识他昨天在会议上提到的那个女孩吗？（作宾语） whom whose（表示“某人的”或“某物的”） 人 人或物 作宾语(可省略) 作定语 She’s the girl (whom) my friend introduced to me.她就是我朋友向我介绍的那个女孩。 The girl whose mother is a singer has a sweet voice.妈妈是歌手的那个女孩拥有甜美的嗓音。（修饰人，充当定语） We are using the book whose title is Top English.我们在使用这本书名是顶尖英语的书。（修饰物，充当定语） 关系代词as引导的定语从句：
as在它引导的定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语，通常在such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…，as…as…结构中。主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。如：
I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(作宾语)
He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.他不是这样一个只把工作做到一半的人。（作主语）
This is so warm a house as we want to live in .这是一栋如此暖和的、我们都想住在里面房子。（作宾语）
I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。（作宾语）