? No one is fool always, everyone sometimes.
? 没有人永远当傻瓜，人人偶尔当傻瓜。 /增词法
? Crafty men contemn studies; simple men admire them; and wiser men use them. ? 狡猾者轻视学问；无知者崇拜学问；聪明人利用学问。/省略法
Pun (双关/多关)
? A pun is a figure of speech which consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for
rhetorical effect, whether humorous or serious.
? Make your every hello a real good-buy. (电话广告) 让你的每一声―喂‖都真正的货真价实。 （同音双关）
? Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side, and then on the other, and remain wide awake all the
time. (一词多义双关)
? What is the difference between a soldier and a young girl? One powders the face, the other faces
the powder. （同词异义双关）
? I finally figured out how government works. The Senate gets the bill from the House. The ? What do lawyers do when they die?
Lie still.
President gets the bill from the Senate. And we get the bill for everything. （同词异义双关）
? “I’m a prisoner, gentleman. Confined as the lady said.” 坐牢/坐月子
Parody （仿拟）
? A parody, in current usage, is an imitative work created to mock, or comment on an original work, its subject, author, style, or
some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. ? Not so loud, you fool — remember — even people have ears. (Walls have ears.)
? A word is known by the company it keeps. (A man is known by the company he keeps.)
Parallelism（对称）
? Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn‘t make perfect. (Practice makes perfect.)
? He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine. (A stitch in time saves nine.) ? Parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.
? I am song and fear, struggle and panic, and ennobling hope. 我是欢歌，我是恐惧，我是惊慌，我是希望——使人高尚。
队伍。她们有的嚎啕大哭，有的放声大笑，有的则与亲人吻别。
? He was a miser, a bachelor, and an egotist. 他是一个吝啬鬼，一个单身汉，一个利己主义者。
? Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing the men good-bye. 女人们跑出来，涌向行进的? The Chinese diplomat should be firm in stance, far in sight, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in
character. 中国的外交官应当立场坚定、眼光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。
? My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. 世
界公民们，请你们勿问何所得于美国，但问共同为人类自由的贡献有多少。 实用词语翻译
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
创新型国家、节约型国家、素质教育、 市场经济、变废为宝、第一批产品、 不插手、茶馆、劳动密集型产业 innovation-oriented country， economy-oriented country， quality-oriented education， market-oriented economy，
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
change trash into treasure，
The first batch of products，stay out of，teahouse，labor-intensive industry 实用词语翻译
Arab League、Mind words and deeds、 launch window、 escalation of tension、 Consumer Price Index (CPI)、 SME Small and Middle Enterprise、 Small and micro-sized enterprise
阿盟、谨言慎行、发射窗口、紧张局势升级、消费者物价指数、中小企业、小微企业
应用文体的翻译
Translation of Applied English Writings
一种用途非常广泛的功能性文体，从内容到形式丰富多样，适应不同的目的和要求。如公函书信（社交信函、事务信函、商业信函）、通知便条、合同协议、法律文件、公证书、证明书、海报广告、电报贺卡、演讲动员、留言、申请等，都属于应用文文体的范畴。
? 应用文所用语言形式多样化，不同类别的应用文，其语言的差别十分悬殊，内容与目的，语言与格式均有不同的要求，各有
其特点。
? 应用文的特点是实用性强，不管用于什么目的，都有很强的针对性。因此，翻译时应注意要语言简练、直截了当、条理清楚、
表达准确、用词恰当、明白易懂。一般就事论事、不求虚饰、不作修饰和自由发挥，避免晦涩难懂的词语。本章主要谈几种常见的应用文及其翻译。
? 对偶要求上下两句在结构上相同或相似, 字数相等或基本相等, 这种非常讲究形式的翻译确实不容易。 ? Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasure. ? 结婚有许多苦恼，但是独身也没有快乐。/直译法 ? Speech is silver; silence is golden. ? 雄辩是银，沉默是金。 /直译法
广告 (Advertisement)
广告是一种最常用的应用文，主要由标题和正文两部分组成。标题说明广告对象，正文是主体，主要提供信息。
? 女士们、先生们、朋友们！
? Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,
? 2800多年前在神圣的奥林匹亚兴起的奥林匹克运动，是古代希腊人奉献给人类的宝贵精神和文化财富。诞生于1896年的现?
代奥林匹克运动，继承了古代奥林匹克传统，发展成为当今世界参与最广泛、影响最深远的文化体育活动。
The Olympic Movement, which started over 2,800 years ago in the sacred Olympia, is a valuable spiritual and cultural asset offered to humanity by the people of ancient Greece. The modern Olympic Movement, born in 1896, has built on the ancient Olympic heritage and grown into a cultural and sporting event with the broadest participation and greatest impact in today's world.
育运动蓬勃发展。 At successive Olympic Games over the years, athletes from across the world, committed to the motto of \leading to the rapid development of athletic sports.
奥运会是体育竞赛的盛会，更是文化交流的平台。国际奥林匹克运动把不同国度、不同民族、不同文化的人们聚集在一起，增进了世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊，为推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业作出了重大贡献。
of different countries, ethnic groups and cultural backgrounds, the Olympic Movement has helped enhance mutual understanding and friendship among all peoples and made significant contribution to the noble cause of peace and development.
? 在历届奥运会上，各国运动员秉承更快、更高、更强的宗旨，顽强拼搏，追求卓越，创造了一个又一个佳绩，推动了世界体
?
? The Olympic Games is a great sporting event and it also offers a platform for cultural exchanges. By bringing together people
? 当今世界既面临着前所未有的发展机遇，也面临着前所未有的严峻挑战。世界从来没有像今天这样需要相互理解、相互包容、
相互合作。北京奥运会不仅是中国的机会，也是世界的机会。
? Today, the international community faces both development opportunities and grave challenges unprecedented in history.
There has never been a greater need for us to understand, accommodate and cooperate with each other. The Beijing Olympic
Games is an opportunity not only for China but also for the whole world.
? 女士们、先生们、朋友们！
? Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,
? 举办奥运会，是中华民族的百年期盼，是全体中华儿女的共同心愿。
? To host the Olympic Games is a century-old dream of the Chinese nation and the shared aspiration of all the Chinese people.
? 2001年北京申奥成功以来，中国政府和人民认真履行对国际社会的郑重承诺，坚持绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运理念，全
力做好各项筹办工作。我相信，在国际奥委会和国际奥林匹克大家庭支持下，我们一定能够共同把北京奥运会办成一届有特色、高水平的奥运会。
? Since Beijing won the bid in 2001, the Chinese government and people have been working earnestly to honor the solemn
commitment we have made to the international community. Guided by the concept of \and people's Olympics\the IOC and the Olympic Family, and together with you, we will deliver a high-standard Olympic Games with distinctive features.
? 现在，我提议：为国际奥林匹克运动蓬勃发展，为世界各国人民团结和友谊不断加强，为各位嘉宾和家人身体健康，干杯！ ? I now propose a toast, To the strong growth of the Olympic Movement, To greater solidarity and friendship among people
from all over the world, and To the health of all the distinguished guests and your families. Cheers!
请柬 (Invitation Card)
? 请柬（帖），就是邀请客人时送去的通知。其主要的部分是时间、地点和目的。正式请柬（帖）和复函，格式比较严格，每
项内容占一行：邀请者、被邀请者、内容、时间和地点。主词用第三人称。有时左下角常有―R. S. V. P.‖、―Regrets only‖或―To remind‖等字样。R. S. V. P. 是法语―Repondez s‘il vous plait‖的缩写形式，等于英语的―Reply，if you please表示‖是否出席，敬请回复‖。接到这种请柬（帖）的人，不答复是很失礼的。―Regrets only‖则是―不能出席者请赐告‖之意。应邀者可以作复，也可不作复。
―To remind‖则是主人和客人事先约好，请柬（帖）只是备忘而已。另外请柬（帖）上也可能有下列的附注，如―Formal（穿着正式服装）‖，―informal（不必穿正式服装）‖，―Casual（服装可以尽情轻便）‖；―B. Y. O. F.（Bring your own food）‖，各人自带食物，是一种熟朋友或同事间的―potluck（餐会）‖。―B. Y. O. B.（Bring your own bottle）‖自备饮料。
? 翻译时应按汉语请柬（帖）的格式规范作相应调整，不应局限于原文的格式。
贺卡(信)
（Greeting Card and Letter）
贺卡（信）在人们社交生活中扮演着很重要的角色。无论是节庆，还是平日晋升、受奖、毕业、升学、当选、开张、结婚、生日、事业成功等，人们总找理由，买精美的卡片，写上漂亮的话语，寄给亲友，表示祝贺，以便交流思想，联络情感，表达友情。
实用词语翻译 ? 防静电
? anti-static electricity
? Postdoctoral Work Station ? 博士后工作站 ? 武术
? martial arts
? Nine Dragon Screen ? 九龙壁
? Ethnic minority ? 少数民族 ? Hohhot ? 呼和浩特 ? Erdos ? 鄂尔多斯
? Infrastructure ? 基础设施
实用词语翻译 ? Shoulder to shoulder ? 肩并肩
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
博爱 universal love
The whole world as one community. 或The world belongs to the public. 天下为公。 三民主义
Three Principles of the People 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 总在你身边
Always by your side
科技文体的翻译
Translation of English for Science & Technology 科技奇闻
(1) In photography‘s pioneer days, sitting for a portrait called for extreme patience. Making a daguerreotype in 1837 required a
fifteen-minute exposure. The subject‘s head was put in a clamp to hold it still.
早期摄影阶段，拍摄肖像照片需要很大耐心。1837年拍摄一张银版照片，需要曝光15分钟。被摄对象的脑袋需要被夹子固
定住来保持稳定。
（2）The shoe string was invented in England in 1790. Prior to this time all shoes were fastened with buckles. 鞋带于1790年发明。此前所有的鞋是用扣子紧扣。
（3）The average lead pencil will draw a line 35 miles long or write approximately 50,000 English words. 铅笔平均能画一条长35英里的线，或写约50,000英文单词。
（4）Take fifteen books and number them ―1‖ to ―15‖. If you tried to line them up in all possible arrangements, and if you made a
change a minute, it would take you 2,487,996 years to do it.
取15本书，把书标上―1‖到―15‖号。如按所有可能的方式排列这些书，而且每排列一次一变，你就得花费2,487,996 年才
能排完。
（5）A ball of glass will bounce higher than a ball made of rubber. A ball of solid steel will bounce higher than one made entirely
of glass.
一个玻璃球比一个橡胶球弹得更高。一个实心钢弹球比一个完全用玻璃制成球弹得更高。
（6）When glass breaks the cracks move faster than 3,000 miles per hour. To photograph the event a camera must shoot at a
millionth of a second.
玻璃破裂的速度超过每小时3,000英里。要拍下玻璃破裂的过程，照相机必须以百万分之一秒的速度拍摄。
（7）Because radio waves travel at 186,000 miles per second and sound waves saunter along at 700 miles per hour, a broadcast
voice can be heard sooner 13,000 miles away than it can be heard at the back of the room in which it originated.
因为电波以每秒186000英里的速度传播,而声波以每小时700英里的速度缓慢传播,所以在130000英里外的地方,比起在身
后的房间里发出的声音,广播声能更快地听见。
（8）It took five months to get word back to Queen Isabella about the voyage of Columbus, two weeks for Europe to hear about
Lincoln‘s assassination, and only 1.3 seconds to get the word from Neil Armstrong that man can walk on the moon.
?
哥伦布航行的消息过了5个月才传到伊莎贝拉女王那儿；林肯被刺杀的消息两个星期后才传到欧洲；可人们只过了1.3秒就的到了尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说人类可以在月球上行走的消息。
（9）The average person‘s hand flexes its joints 25 million times during a lifetime. 人的一生中手指关节平均要弯曲2,500万次。
（10）To keep your feet warm, put on a hat. Eighty percent of all body heat escapes through the head. 要想保持双脚暖和，可以戴上帽子。人体80%的热是经由头部散失的。
? ?
Mekong region、Myanmar / Burma、NASA =National Aeronautics and Space Administration 、FAD =Food and Drug Administration、Formula 1 Grand Prix、Billiards、Snooker、Industrial fair、Canton fair、the talent scout、Water Splashing Festival、Dragon Boat Festival、Dai ethnic minority、56 ethnic groups
湄公河地区、缅甸、美国国家航空航天局、美国食品与药品管理局、一级方程式大奖赛、台球、斯诺克、工业博览会、广交会、伯乐，星探、泼水节、端午节、傣族、56各民族
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
钟鼓楼、让位于
节能减排、小排量汽车 实弹演习
部长级会议、自由贸易区、欧元区、微量元素 酸奶、月嫂
梦想成真的地方
高尔夫球场、足球场、篮球场、网球场、排球场、车展 德国总理、中国总理、日本首相 Bell and Drum Tower、Make way to
save energy and reduce carbon emissions、a low-emission car Live fire drills
The ministerial meeting、Free trade regions、Eurozone、Trace elements Yoghurt、maternity caretakers a place where a dream comes true
a golf course、a football field 、a basketball court、a tennis court、a volleyball court、auto show German chancellor、Chinese premier、Japanese prime minister
法律文体的翻译
Translation of English for Legal Instruments
一、定义 (Definition of legal instrument)
Legal instrument is a legal term of art that is used for any formally executed written document.
法律翻译分类
基本原则 (Basic principles)
? 1. 公正性（impartiality） ? 2. 准确性( veracity)
? 3. 合适性(appropriateness) ? 4. 简洁精练(conciseness)
惯用副词 （adverbs）
? hereafter = after this time; 今后
? hereby = by means/reason of this; 特此 ? herein = in this; 此中，于此
? hereinafter = later in this contract; 在下文 ? thereafter = afterwards; 此后，后来 ? thereby = by that means;
因此；由此；在那方面
? therein = from that; 在那里；在那点上
? thereinafter = later in the same contract;
以下；在下文
? whereby = by what; by which; 由是；凭那个 ? wherein = in what; in which;
在哪里；在哪点上 词语多并列 (parallel words)
? under or in accordance with ? signed and delivered ? in whole or in part