SAP_FICO工作笔记汇总
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新总账.............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 2
资产都带不出利润中心(发票校验也不行) ........................................................................... 3 换汇的SAP标准做法 ............................................................................................................ 4 汇率设置问题 ......................................................................................................................... 4 财务月结时如何使前前台的T-CODE. ................................................................................. 4 长短期借款的账务处理 ......................................................................................................... 4 长期投资帐务处理 ................................................................................................................. 6 公司间的关联交易对账 ......................................................................................................... 8 现金预测 ............................................................................................................................... 11 替代中无原因代码 ............................................................................................................... 11 行项目及未清项的标准处理................................................................................................ 12 号码范围跳号问题 ............................................................................................................... 12 银行对账 ............................................................................................................................... 12 F110 自动付款找不到付款方法和银行信息 ...................................................................... 15 外币评估 ............................................................................................................................... 15 如何修改数据元素描述 ....................................................................................................... 27 营业税/教育附/城建税自动计算 ......................................................................................... 29 SAP红字冲销 ....................................................................................................................... 31
ACCOUNT PAYABLE( 应付账款) ............................................................................................ 35 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20
FB60/FB70屏幕/控制 .......................................................................................................... 35 发票校验差异问题 ............................................................................................................... 37 激活MIRO直接过账到G/L物料 ....................................................................................... 37 GR/IR差异处理 .................................................................................................................... 39 处理采购业务中运杂费 ....................................................................................................... 46 财务记账时“到期日”或“收付基准日”字段必输问题 ......................................................... 51 MIRO手工录入税项目 ........................................................................................................ 52 如何将损耗结转到物料差异................................................................................................ 54 进度款发票检验（有保证金） ............................................................................................ 56 保运合同发票校验 ............................................................................................................... 58 处理含有质保金的供应商发票 ............................................................................................ 59 采购运杂费的处理 ............................................................................................................... 60 冲销有采购单的发票凭证 ................................................................................................... 63 付款条件 ............................................................................................................................... 64 供应商寄售处理 ................................................................................................................... 71 发票校验（MIRO）的一些细节 ......................................................................................... 75 最后发票标识 ....................................................................................................................... 77 AP月结常用T-CODE解析 ................................................................................................. 79 应付暂估明细查询(开发程序) ............................................................................................. 81 SAP 本年利润结转方法....................................................................................................... 84
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保证金系统自动处理方式 ................................................................................................... 86
ACCOUNT RCEIVABLE(应收账款) ......................................................................................... 87 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
月末应收对账 ....................................................................................................................... 87 免费赠与客户货物的销项税处理 ........................................................................................ 89 结清客户和供应商之间的未清项 ........................................................................................ 90 无销售订单的贷项凭证 ....................................................................................................... 91 自动计提坏账 ....................................................................................................................... 93 税务科目和金税系统税额不一致 ........................................................................................ 95 金税票和销售开票的税额有差异 ........................................................................................ 96 使用注释项目调整客户信用额度 ........................................................................................ 96
4 FIXED ASSETS (固定资产) ...................................................................................................... 104 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10
固定资产初始化 ................................................................................................................. 105 如何在SAP中做减值准备 ................................................................................................ 106 折旧范围中的某一折旧范围关闭后重新打开 .................................................................. 106 3固定资产补提折旧问题 .................................................................................................. 106 4系统里ABZU增记，ABAA 计划外折旧，ABNAN后资本化的区别ABZU .......... 107 更改折旧码问题 ................................................................................................................. 107 资产折旧问题 ..................................................................................................................... 107 打开固定主资产数据的成本中心为可更改 ...................................................................... 108 产量法计提折旧方法 ......................................................................................................... 108 减少资产原值（不改变原来折旧） .................................................................................. 109
5 资金预测...................................................................................................................................... 110 5.1 5.2
投资贷款没有出现在现金头寸中的处理 .......................................................................... 110 如何应用自动付款功能 ..................................................................................................... 110
6 成本中心会计 .............................................................................................................................. 116 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
成本中心进行预算管理 ..................................................................................................... 116 使用BADI上传SAP实际数据 ........................................................................................ 117 创建统计型成本要素 ......................................................................................................... 121 统计关键指标固定值与总值的区别 .................................................................................. 121
7 BCS 预算管理 ............................................................................................................................ 123 7.1.1 7.2 7.3 7.4
基金管理激活程序 ..................................................................................................... 123 BCS如何实现钢性控制柔性控制 ..................................................................................... 124 基金计划FMPLCP计划负数处理 .................................................................................... 125 预算金额对于发布不足 ..................................................................................................... 126
8 物料帐.......................................................................................................................................... 127 8.1 8.2
物料移动后调整 ................................................................................................................. 127 标准成本与移动加权平均成本 .......................................................................................... 128
9 COPA .......................................................................................................................................... 135 9.1
COPA实现实际成本分析 .................................................................................................. 135
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10 10.1 10.2 10.1 11 11.1 12 12.1
投资贷款 ................................................................................................................................. 137 贷款合同无法确定科目 ..................................................................................................... 137 贷款合同初始余额导入 ..................................................................................................... 138 贷款合同初始余额导入 ..................................................................................................... 139 后勤相关方案 ......................................................................................................................... 139 STO ...................................................................................................................................... 139 其他-技术 ................................................................................................................................ 141 如何使用SE11来更改系统表的值 .................................................................................... 141
1 新总账
1.1 资产都带不出利润中心(发票校验也不行)
系统提示信息：
未填写行项目 001 中平衡字段 \利润中心\ 消息号 GLT2201 诊断
即使在凭证分割后，未使用行项目001中的任何值填充标。 系统响应
不能过账凭证。 步骤
首先检查您的条目。附加原因可能是：对于此字段，无可以从当前凭证数据中派生的值。 已经输入不是为了此业务目的设置的凭证类型。
解决方法： 将对应科目的Field Status Group改成可选。
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1.2 换汇的SAP标准做法
F-05 currency:usd DR.usd 12
CR. Amt.in loc.cur. 100
When you post a document in foreign currency, the system stores the amount in both local currency and foreign currencies in each line item.To specify the foreign currency in the document, enter the currency key in the Currency field in the document header. There are four ways to enter an exchange rate:·You enter a posting date and the currency code in the document header. The system automatically transfers the exchange rate valid on the posting date. Exchange rates are defined in the system.·You can also enter the exchange rate directly into the document header via the currency key and exchange rate fields.·Alternatively, you can enter a translation date in the document header. The system then automatically takes the exchange rate valid on this translation date.·The valid exchange rate is the one entered on the posting date or on the translation date, or the rate entered at an earlier time . For example, if you post a document on August 25, but the last exchange rate in the table is on August 22, then the system uses the exchange rate from the entry on August 22.You can enter the amount in each line item in both local and foreign currency. You can enter documents in any foreign currency for which a currency key is defined in the system. If you manage a G/L account, such as a bank account, in a foreign currency, you can post documents to this G/L account only in the account currency.
1.3 汇率设置问题
因为我们刚上系统,我第一次在OB08中维护了2005/12/28 RMB-->EUR的汇率, 例如: 9.2455 (RMB/EUR), 汇率类型为M。并且做了近两个月的外币凭证， 现在我在OB08中加了有效期从 2006/02/28 RMB-->EUR的汇率为9.1255(RMB/EUR)。现在重新做一个凭证，发现汇率还是老的，没 有发生变化。
汇率调整一般在月结年结时进行，有没有做外币评估
1.4 财务月结时如何使前前台的T-CODE.
在财务会计中将公司代码设成productive. 即可以在后台全部锁死的情况下,可以使用财务的开关帐功能.
1.5 长短期借款的账务处理
一、长短期借款的账务处理
短期借款和长期借款在SAP系统中通过将提供借款的银行建立成供应商而按供应商行项目进行核算。建立长短期借款供应商主数据是指将提供借款的银行分不同账户组按一般意义上的供应商在系统
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中建立的方法而创建，它与一般意义的供应商主数据建立时不同点就在于?公司代码数据?中统驭科目的不同，例如：提供短期担保借款的银行在系统中创建供应商主数据中的统驭科目是?短期借款-担保借款?，它的帐户组是?SDH?；提供长期担保借款的银行在系统中创建供应商主数据的统驭科目就是?长期借款-担保借款-本金?。
这样，当发生借款业务时，就可以按照供应商明细，将借款核算到供应商，如： 借：银行存款—活期—中国工商银行—010 6000000 贷：中国银行（长期借款—担保借款—本金） 6000000
二、长短期借款利息的处理
会计准则中对于长短期借款利息账务处理的规定是不同的：短期借款的利息采用按月预提计入?财务费用?和?预提费用?；长期借款的利息应按权责发生制原则按期预提计入?财务费用?，并按借款费用的原则进行处理，无论是本金和利息都计入?长期借款?总帐科目。在SAP系统中长期借款业务的账务处理是通过计入统驭科目?长期借款-本金?和特别总帐科目?长期借款-利息?进行核算， ?长期借款-利息?这一特别总帐科目是通过特别总账标志所指向。如：
借：财务费用—利支—国内长借息—银行借款利息 360000 贷：长期借款—信用借款—利息 360000
三、到期偿还长短期借款本金和利息
长短期借款到期后，由长短期借款会计在系统中作向银行偿还长短期借款的本金和利息账务处理，对供应商清账。
看到的会计凭证： 借：长期借款—信用借款—本金 6000000 长期借款—信用借款—利息 360000 贷：银行存款-活期-中国工商银行 6360000
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