基于小波的管道压力检测
算法研究
辽宁石油化工大学 信息与控制工程学院 毕业设计（论文）用纸
基于小波的管道压力检测算法研究
摘 要
管道运输以其独特的安全优势和成本优势，已广泛应用于城市生活和工业生产的自来水输送系统、污水排放系统、煤气或天然气输送系统及工业石油输送系统等。随着管道运输的发展，管道运输已成为一个独立的交通运输部门——管道运输业。它是国民经济综合运输的重要组成部分之一。管道运输在国民经济中的影响也日趋扩大，尤其是石油管道运输。因而石油管道运输的安全稳定则成为一项极具现实意义的重要问题。
本文的主要工作体现在以下几个方面：首先，本文简要地介绍了管道运输的概况，对国内外管道运输的发展历史、现今状况以及未来的发展做了简单的介绍；还详细地分类介绍了目前管道泄漏检测的常见方法，从它们的原理、特点及应用角度等方面做了细致的分析和归类。其次，本文针对我国流体管道运输的特点，详细地介绍了基于负压波的管道泄漏检测定位方法；研究了基于小波的泄露检测方法；同时，还探讨了如何在多种检测方法并存的方式下，进行冲突消解。
关键词：泄露检测；负压波；小波变换；定位算法
I
辽宁石油化工大学 信息与控制工程学院 毕业设计（论文）用纸
Based on Wavelet Pipe Pressure Detection Algorithms
Abstract
Because of its unique security advantages and cost advantages, pipeline transportation is used in water supply system, sewage disposal system, natural gas transport system and industrial oil transport system for the city life and industry manufacture. Pipeline transportation has become a separate traffic transport section—pipeline carrying trade with the development of pipeline transport. It is one of the important parts of State Economy Integration Transportation. Pipeline transportation is growing influentially, particular in the oil pipeline transport. And it has become more and more important to the pipeline transportation whether the pipeline transport can run safely and steadily.
The main efforts accomplished can be summed up as the following aspects: First, the history and the current situation of the pipeline transport are briefly introduced, and its future development is also forecasted. After the usual detection methods elaborated, these methods are analyzed and classified based on their theory, characteristic, application, and so on. Then, aiming at the current situation of our country’s liquid transport pipelines, a leak detection and location method based on suction wave theory is introduced; and detecting the leak location using wavelet theory. It is also researched to process the conflict by using multi arithmetic. Give a common method for conflict resolution. This thesis also bring forward the concept of the algorithm factory by method of leak detection system design scheme based on the innovation and wavelet
II
辽宁石油化工大学 信息与控制工程学院 毕业设计（论文）用纸
transform detection. This makes the system extensible and gives the design method of raw data adapter. This allows the system not only in the functional extensibility, but also in the extensibility of detection signals.
Key words: leak detection, wavelet transform, wavelet transform, location arithmetic
III
辽宁石油化工大学 信息与控制工程学院 毕业设计（论文）用纸
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................... I ABSTRACT ............................................................ II 第1章 引 言 ........................................................ 1 1.1 课题背景与意义.................................................. 1 1.2管道压力检测算法的发展及方法概述 ................................ 2 1.2.1管道压力检测算法的发展 ...................................... 2 1.2.2管道泄露检测与定位的各种分类方法 ............................ 5 1.2.3基于小波的管道压力检测技术 .................................. 6 1.3 存在的问题及最新发展........................................... 11 第2章 基于负压力波的小波检测算法 ................................... 12 2.1 引言........................................................... 12 2.2 小波变换分析研究............................................... 12 2.3 基于小波算法的奇异点检测....................................... 15 2.3.1 小波奇异性理论 ............................................. 15 2.3.2 使用小波变换检测信号奇异点 ................................. 15 2.4 基于小波变换的管道信号消噪处理................................. 20 2.4.1 管道压力信号预处理 ......................................... 20 2.4.2 管道压力信号消噪处理及分析 ................................. 21 第3章 基于小波变换的泄露定位算法研究 ............................... 23 3.1 负压波法泄露检测及定位原理..................................... 23 3.2 负压波法泄露检测的关键及存在的问题............................. 24 3.3 基于小波变换的泄露定位算法..................................... 25 3.3.1 小波定位算法描述 ........................................... 25 3.3.2 小波定位算法仿真分析 ....................................... 25 第4章 系统设计与分析 ............................................... 31 4.1 系统需求分析................................................... 31 4.2 系统设计与实现................................................. 32 4.2.1 系统框架的分析与设计 ....................................... 32 4.2.2 抽象算法工厂的设计 ......................................... 34 4.2.3 生数据的软件适配器设计 ..................................... 37
IV