Designation:D4169?09
StandardPracticefor
PerformanceTestingofShippingContainersandSystems1Thisstandardisissuedunderthe?xeddesignationD4169;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(′)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
1.Scope
1.1Thispracticeprovidesauniformbasisofevaluating,inalaboratory,theabilityofshippingunitstowithstandthedistributionenvironment.Thisisaccomplishedbysubjectingthemtoatestplanconsistingofasequenceofanticipatedhazardelementsencounteredinvariousdistributioncycles.Thispracticeisnotintendedtosupplantmaterialspeci?cationsorexistingpreshipmenttestprocedures.
1.2ConsidertheuseofPracticeD7386fortestingofpackagesforsingleparcelshipments.
1.3Thesuitabilityofthispracticeforusewithhazardousmaterialshasnotbeendetermined.
1.4Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.ThevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoSIunitsthatareprovidedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:2D642TestMethodforDeterminingCompressiveResistanceofShippingContainers,Components,andUnitLoadsD880TestMethodforImpactTestingforShippingContain-ersandSystems
D951TestMethodforWaterResistanceofShippingCon-tainersbySprayMethod
D996TerminologyofPackagingandDistributionEnviron-ments
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersandSystems-ApplicationofPerformanceTestMethods.
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2009.PublishedNovember2009.Originallyapprovedin2004.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asD4169–08.DOI:10.1520/D4169-09.2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.
1D999TestMethodsforVibrationTestingofShippingCon-tainers
D4003TestMethodsforProgrammableHorizontalImpactTestforShippingContainersandSystems
D4332PracticeforConditioningContainers,Packages,orPackagingComponentsforTesting
D4728TestMethodforRandomVibrationTestingofShip-pingContainers
D5265TestMethodforBridgeImpactTesting
D5276TestMethodforDropTestofLoadedContainersbyFreeFall
D5277TestMethodforPerformingProgrammedHorizontalImpactsUsinganInclinedImpactTester
D5487TestMethodforSimulatedDropofLoadedContain-ersbyShockMachines
D6055TestMethodsforMechanicalHandlingofUnitizedLoadsandLargeShippingCasesandCrates
D6179TestMethodsforRoughHandlingofUnitizedLoadsandLargeShippingCasesandCrates
D6344TestMethodforConcentratedImpactstoTransportPackages
D6653TestMethodsforDeterminingtheEffectsofHighAltitudeonPackagingSystemsbyVacuumMethod
D7386PracticeforPerformanceTestingofPackagesforSingleParcelDeliverySystems
F1327TerminologyRelatingtoBarrierMaterialsforMedi-calPackaging(Withdrawn2007)32.2MilitaryStandards:4MIL-STD-810FEnvironmentalTestMethods
MIL-STD-2073–1DODStandardPracticeforMilitaryPackaging3.Terminology
3.1De?nitions—Generalde?nitionsforthepackaginganddistributionenvironmentsarefoundinTerminologyD996.3.2De?nitionsofTermsSpeci?ctoThisStandard:
Thelastapprovedversionofthishistoricalstandardisreferencedonwww.astm.org.4AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.
3Copyright?ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.UnitedStates
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D4169?09
3.3.5LTL—lessthantruckload.4.Signi?canceandUse
4.1Thispracticeprovidesaguidefortheevaluationofshippingunitsinaccordancewithauniformsystem,usingestablishedtestmethodsatlevelsrepresentativeofthoseoccurringinactualdistribution.Therecommendedtestlevelsarebasedonavailableinformationontheshippingandhandlingenvironment,andcurrentindustry/governmentprac-ticeandexperience(1-13).5Thetestsshouldbeperformedsequentiallyonthesamecontainersintheordergiven.Foruseasaperformancetest,thispracticerequiresthattheshippingunittestedremainunopeneduntilthesequenceoftestsarecompleted.Ifusedforotherpurposes,suchaspackagedevelopment,itmaybeusefultoopenandinspectshippingunitsatvarioustimesthroughoutthesequence.Thismay,however,prohibitevaluatingthein?uenceofthecontainerclosureoncontainerperformance.
4.2ForDistributionCycle18,asreferredtoinMIL-STD-2073–1,theuseofthispracticeisde?nedinsubsequentsectionsidenti?edasDC-18.5.TestSpecimen
5.1Testspecimensconsistofrepresentativesamplesofcompleteshippingunits,includingactualcontents.Productswithblemishesorminordefectsmaybeusedifthedefectivecomponentisnottobestudiedbythetestandifthedefectisdocumentedinthereport.Dummytestloadsareacceptableiftestingtheactualproductmightbehazardous.Ifadummyloadisused,itshouldbeinstrumentedtodetermineifthefragilityleveloftheactualproducthasbeenexceeded.Takecaretoduplicatetheloadcharacteristicsoftheactualproduct,andavoidunnecessaryprehandling.
5.2Caremustbetakentoensurethatnodegradationhasoccurredtoeithertheproductorthepackageifthetestpackageshavebeenshippedtothetestsite.Ifanydoubtexistsastotheconditionofthepackage,repacktheproductinnewpackagingmaterialbeforetesting.
5.3Thenumberoftestreplicationsdependsonthedesiredobjectivesofthetestingandtheavailabilityofduplicateproductsandshippingcontainers.Replicatetestingisrecom-mendedtoimprovethereliabilityofthetestresults.6.Conditioning
6.1Ifthedistributioncyclecontainsclimaticconditionsthathaveaneffectontheperformancecharacteristicsoftheproduct,shippingcontainer,orcomponentssuchascushioning,useoneofthefollowingprocedures.(Itshouldbenotedthatdifferentatmosphericconditionsarelikelytoexistbetweentheoriginanddestinationpointsofadistributioncycle,particu-larlyforexport/importcycles.)
6.1.1Conductthetestatstandardconditionsandcompen-satefortheeffectsofanyclimaticcondition.Conditiontheshippingunitstoastandardatmosphereof73.462°F(236
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertoalistofreferencesattheendofthispractice.
53.2.1acceptancecriteria—theacceptablequalitylevelthatmustbemetaftertheshippingunithasbeensubjectedtothetestplan.SeeSection7.
3.2.2assurancelevel—theleveloftestintensitybasedonitsprobabilityofoccurringinatypicaldistributioncycle.
3.2.2.1Discussion—LevelIisahighleveloftestintensityandhasalowprobabilityofoccurrence.LevelIIIisalowleveloftestintensity,buthasacorrespondinglyhighprobabilityofoccurrence.LevelIIisbetweentheseextremes.ForDistribu-tionCycle18(DC–18),seeMIL-STD-2073–1forde?nitionsofmilitarylevelsofprotection.
3.2.3coeff?cientofrestitution—theratioofthereboundvelocitytotheimpactvelocity.
3.2.4distributioncycle(DC)—thesequentiallistingofthetestschedulesemployedtosimulatethehazardelementsexpectedtooccurforaspeci?croutingofashippingunitfromproductiontoconsumption.SeeTable1.
3.2.5feederaircraft—small,potentiallynon-pressurizedair-craftusedtotransportexpresspackages.
3.2.6hazardelement—aspeci?ceventthatoccursinadistributioncyclethatmayposeahazardtoashippingunit.Theelementwillusuallybesimulatedbyasingletestschedule.SeeSection9.
3.2.7shippingunit—thesmallestcompleteunitthatwillbesubjectedtothedistributionenvironment,forexample,ashippingcontaineranditscontents.
3.2.7.1smallshippingunit—forDC-18,asmallshippingunitisde?nedasonehavingnoedgedimensionordiameterover60in.(1.52m)andagrossweightof100lb(45kg)orless.
3.2.7.2largeshippingunit—forDC-18,alargeshippingunitisde?nedasonehavingatleastoneedgedimensionordiameterover60in.(1.52m)oragrossweightinexcessof100lb(45kg),oritisonethathasagrossweightexceeding100lb(45kg)andissecuredtoabaseortothebaseofashippingunit.
3.2.8testplan—aspeci?clistingofthetestsequencetobefollowedtosimulatethehazardsanticipatedduringthedistri-butioncycleofashippingunit.Includedwillbethetestintensityandnumberofsequentialteststobeconducted.See8.5.
3.2.9testschedule—thespeci?cproceduretobeused,includingthethreeassurancelevelintensities,andareferencetothetestmethodthatisthebasisoftheschedule.
3.2.9.1Discussion—Thepurposeofthescheduleistosimu-latetheforcesoccurringduringanyhazardelementofthedistributioncycle.SeeSection9.
3.2.10totalvelocitychange,(DV)—thesumoftheimpactandreboundvelocities.
3.3Abbreviations:
3.3.1TOFC—traileron?atcar.3.3.2COFC—containeron?atcar.3.3.3TL—truckload.3.3.4CL—carload.
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D4169?09
TABLE1DistributionCycles
PerformanceTestScheduleSequence(seeSection9forTestSchedulede?nition)
ThirdFourthFifth
ScheduleFLoose-LoadVibration
ScheduleGScheduleJ
RailConcentratedSwitchingImpact
DC1
DistributionCycle
GeneralCycle—unde?neddistribution
system
FirstSchedule
AHandling
SecondSixthScheduleAHandling
Seventh
ScheduleDStacked
Vibration
2
Speciallyde?neddistributionsystem,userspeci?ed(seeAppendixX2)Singlepackagewithoutpalletorskid,LTLmotorfreight
ScheduleScheduleDStacked
AVibrationORHandlingScheduleCVehicle—ManualStackingplus
ScheduleEVehicle
VibrationScheduleScheduleDStacked
AVibrationORHandlingScheduleCVehicle—MechanicalStackingplus
ScheduleEVehicle
Vibration
Schedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandling
ScheduleDStacked
Vibration
selectfromSchedulesAthroughI
3
ScheduleFScheduleJLoose-LoadConcentratedVibrationImpactScheduleA
Handling—Manual
...
4
Singlepackagewithpalletorskid,LTLmotorfreight
ScheduleFScheduleJLoose-LoadConcentratedVibrationImpactScheduleA
Handling—Mechanical
...
5Motorfreight,TL,notunitized
ScheduleEScheduleJVehicleConcentratedVibrationImpact
ScheduleA
Handling
ScheduleAHandling
...
6Motorfreight,TL,orLTL—unitized
ScheduleDStackedScheduleJ
VibrationORConcentratedScheduleCVehicleImpactStackingplusScheduleEVehicle
VibrationScheduleDStacked
Vibration
ScheduleG
RailSwitchingScheduleG
RailSwitchingScheduleEVehicleVibration
ScheduleBWarehouseStacking
...
7Railonly,bulkloaded
Schedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandlingSchedule
AHandlingScheduleAHan-dling
ScheduleAHandling
......
8Railonly,unitized
ScheduleDStacked
VibrationScheduleAHandling
ScheduleBWarehouseStacking
...
9Railandmotorfreight,notunitized
ScheduleCVehicle
Stacking
ScheduleG
RailSwitchingScheduleFScheduleJLoose-LoadConcentratedVibrationImpactScheduleAHandling
ScheduleBWarehouseStacking
...
ScheduleAHandling
10Railandmotorfreight,unitized
ScheduleDStacked
Vibration
ScheduleGScheduleJ
RailConcentratedSwitchingImpactScheduleDStackedVibrationScheduleILowPressureAScheduleFLoose-LoadVibration
ScheduleFLoose-LoadVibration
11Rail,TOFCandCOFC
ScheduleGRail
SwitchingScheduleAHandling
12
Air(intercity)andmotorfreight(local),over150lb(68.1kg),orunitizedScheduleDStacked
Vibration
ScheduleEScheduleJVehicleConcentratedVibrationImpactScheduleILowPres-sureAScheduleEVehicleVi-bration
ScheduleAHandling
13
Air(intercity)andmotorfreight(local,singlepackageupto150lb(61.8kg).ConsiderusingPracticeD7386forsingleparcelcarriershipments.Warehousing(partialcycletobeaddedtoothercyclesasneeded)Export/Importshipmentforintermodalcontainerorrollon/rollofftrailer(partialcycletobeaddedtoothercyclesasneeded)
Export/Importshipmentforpalletizedcargoship(partialcycletobeaddedtoothercyclesasneeded)
ScheduleCVehicle
Stacking
ScheduleJConcen-tratedIm-pact
...
ScheduleAHandling
14
15
ScheduleAHan-dlingScheduleAHan-dling
ScheduleBWare-houseStackingScheduleCVehicle
Stacking
.........
ScheduleAHandling
.........
16
ScheduleAHan-dling
ScheduleCVehicle
StackingScheduleAHandling
.........
3
D4169?09
TABLE1
Continued
PerformanceTestScheduleSequence(seeSection9forTestSchedulede?nition)
ThirdFourthFifth
DCDistributionCycleFirstSecondSixthSeventh
17
Export/Importshipmentforbreakbulk
cargoship(partialcycletobeaddedtoother
cyclesasneeded)Non-CommercialGovernmentshipmentsperMIL-STD-2073-1
Schedule
AHandling
ScheduleCVehicle
StackingScheduleAHandling
.........
18RefertoAnnexA1forTestSchedulesapplyingtoDC-18.
Thishighaltitude,non-pressurizedtransportsimulationtestmaybedeletedfromthisdistributioncyclewhentestingshippingunitsthatcontainprimarypackagesthathaveaporousmaterial.
A1°C)and5062%relativehumidity.Condition?berboardcontainersinaccordancewithPracticeD4332.Thesameatmosphericconditionshouldbeusedforanyassurancelevel.Aconditioningperiodof72h,orsufficienttimetoreachequilibriumofallpartsofthepackageandproductisrecom-mended.Testsshouldbeconductedintheconditionedatmo-spherewheneverpossible.Ifnotpossible,conductthetestsassoonafterremovalfromtheconditioningatmosphereaspracticable.Reconditiontheshippingunitstothestandardatmosphereasnecessaryduringthetestplan.
6.1.2Insomecircumstances,itmaybenecessarytoconductsomeorallofthetestsatspecialclimaticconditions,suchasthosegiveninPracticeD4332,orTestMethodD951,orothers(salt,spray,waterimmersion,humidity,ortemperature).Thesameclimaticconditionshouldbeusedforanyassurancelevel.Aconditioningperiodshouldbeprovidedwhichwillallowsufficienttimetoreachequilibriumofallpartsofthepackageandproduct.Testsshouldbeconductedintheconditionedatmospherewheneverpossible.Ifnotpossible,conductthetestsassoonafterremovalfromtheconditioningatmosphereaspracticable.Reconditiontheshippingunitsasnecessaryduringthetestplan.Foratmospheresotherthanthestandardconditioningatmosphere,theusermustdeterminetheappro-priatecompressiveloadfactorforwarehouseandvehiclestacking,asthefactorsgivenin11.2arebasedontestingunderthestandardtestatmosphere.7.AcceptanceCriteria
7.1Acceptancecriteriamustbeestablishedpriortotestingandshouldconsidertherequiredconditionoftheproductatreceipt.Theorganizationsconductingthetestmaychooseanyacceptancecriteriasuitablefortheirpurpose.Itisadvisabletocomparethetypeandquantityofdamagethatoccurredtothetestspecimenswiththedamagethatoccursduringactualdistributionandhandlingorwithtestresultsofsimilarcon-tainerswhoseshippinghistoryisknown.
7.2Inmanycases,theacceptancecriteriacanbethefollowing:
Criterion1—Productisdamage-free.Criterion2—Packageisintact.Criterion3—Bothcriteria1and2.
Often,thismeansthattheshippingcontaineranditscontentsaresuitablefornormalsaleanduseatthecompletionofthetest
4
cycle.Detailedacceptancecriteriamayallowforacceptingspeci?eddamagetoaproductoritspackage.Theformandcontentofacceptancecriteriamayvarywidely,inaccordancewiththeparticularsituation.Methodsmayrangefromsimplepass-failjudgmentstohighlyquantitativescoringoranalysissystems.8.Procedure
8.1De?neShippingUnit—Describeshippingunitintermsofsize,weight,andformofconstruction.See3.2.7.Determinewhetherthecontainerwillbemanuallyormechanicallyhandled.
8.2EstablishAssuranceLevel—Specifyaleveloftestintensity.Thelevelshouldbeoneofthreepre-establishedassurancelevels.Thismustbepre-establishedbasedontheproductvalue,thedesiredlevelofanticipateddamagethatcanbetolerated,thenumberofunitstobeshipped,knowledgeoftheshippingenvironment,orothercriteria.AssuranceLevelIIissuggestedunlessconditionsdictateotherwise.AssuranceLevelIprovidesamoreseveretestthanII.AssuranceLevelIIIprovidesalessseveretestthanII.Theassurancelevelmaybevariedbetweenschedules(seeSections10-15)ifsuchvaria-tionsareknowntooccur.Thetestlevelsusedshouldbereported.SeeSection18.
8.3DetermineAcceptanceCriteria—Acceptancecriteriaarerelatedtothedesiredconditionoftheproductandpackageattheendofthedistributioncycle.SeeSection7.
8.4SelectDistributionCycle—SelectaDistributionCyclefromtheavailablestandarddistributioncyclescompiledinTable1.UsetheDCthatmostcloselycorrelateswiththeprojecteddistribution.Whenthedistributionisunde?ned,thegeneraldistributioncycleDC-1shouldbeselected.Whentheanticipateddistributioniswellunderstood,aspecialdistribu-tioncycleDC-2maybespeci?ed.InusingDC-2,theuserselectstestschedulesfromSection9andspeci?esthetestsequence(seeAppendixX2formoredetails).ForpurposesofDC-3andDC-13,thebottomofasinglepackageisthesurfaceonwhichthepackagerestsinitsmoststableorientation.Theidenti?edbottomshouldbeutilizedforpurposesofdetermin-ingthestartingorientationofeachtestschedulewithintheabovestateddistributioncycles.
D4169?09
affecttheintensityofthesehazards.Severaltestmethodoptionsarepermitted,includingfreefallandsimulateddroptestusingshockmachines.Whilethesetestmethodsproducesimilarresults,theshockmachinemethodproducesmorecontroloforientationsofimpact;seeTestMethodD5487forlimitationsoftheshockmachinemethod.
10.2.1Forlongnarrowpackagesthataremechanicallysorted,anotherhazardtobesimulatedisbridgeimpact(10.2.4).
10.2.2Mechanicalhandling(10.3)maybeusedwhenitisanticipatedthathandlingwillbebymechanicalmeansonly.10.2.3Forthefree-fallandshockmachinetests,recom-mendeddropheights,thenumberofdrops,thesequenceofdrops,andtheshippingunitorientationatimpactareasfollows:
TestMethodD5276,D5487.Conditioning—SeeSection6.
ShippingWeight,lb(kg)
0to20(0to9.1)20to40(9.1to18.1)40to60(18.1to27.2)60to80(27.2to36.3)80to100(36.3to45.4)100to200(45.4to90.7)NumberofImpactsatSpeci?edHeight
DropHeight,in.(mm)AssuranceLevel
IIIIII24(610)15(381)9(229)21(533)13(330)8(203)18(457)12(305)7(178)15(381)10(254)6(152)12(305)9(229)5(127)10(254)7(178)4(102)
8.5WriteTestPlan—Prepareatestplanbyusingthe
sequencepresentedinTable1forthedistributioncycleselected.Obtainthetestintensitiesfromthereferencedsched-ules.Thetestplanintensitydetailsmusttakeintoaccounttheassurancelevelsselectedaswellasthephysicaldescriptionoftheshippingunit.Table1thusleadstoadetailedtestplanconsistingoftheexactsequenceinwhichtheshippingunitwillbesubjectedtothetestinputs.ThetestschedulesassociatedwitheachelementreferencetheexistingASTMtestmethodsforclari?cationoftheequipmentandtechniquestobeusedtoconductthetest.
8.5.1SampletestplansareprovidedinAppendixX1.8.6SelectSamplesforTest—SeeSection5.8.7ConditionSamples—SeeSection6.
8.8PerformTests—PerformtestsasdirectedinreferenceASTMstandardsandasfurthermodi?edinthespecialinstructionsforeachtestschedule.
8.9EvaluateResults—Evaluateresultstodetermineiftheshippingunitsmeettheacceptancecriteria.SeeSection7.8.10DocumentTestResults—Documenttestresultsbyre-portingeachstep.SeeSection18.
8.11MonitorShipments—Whenpossible,obtainfeedbackbymonitoringshipmentsofthecontainerthatwastestedtoensurethatthetypeandquantityofdamageobtainedbythelaboratorytestingcorrelateswiththedamagethatoccursinthedistributioncycle.Thisinformationisveryusefulfortheplanningofsubsequenttestsofsimilarshippingcontainers.9.HazardElementsandTestSchedules
9.1HazardElementsandTestSchedulesarecategorizedasfollows:
Schedule
ABCDEFGHIJ
HazardElement
Handling—manualandmechanicalWarehouseStackingVehicleStackingStackedVibrationVehicleVibration
LooseLoadVibrationRailSwitching
EnvironmentalHazardLowPressureHazardConcentratedImpact
TestSection
drop,impact,stability10compression11compression11vibration12vibration12repetitiveshock13longitudinalshock14cyclicexposure15vacuum16impact17
One
TwoTwoOneNumberofImpactsatSpeci?edHeight
ImpactOrientation-FirstSequenceofDistributionCycleBoxBagorSackCylindricalContainer
topfacetopadjacentbottomedgestwosidestwosides90°apartdiagonallyoppositebottombothendsbottomedges90°apartcornersbottomoppositefacebottom
One
TwoTwoOne
ImpactOrientation-SecondSequenceofDistributionCycleBoxBagorSackCylindricalContainer
verticaledgefacetopadjacentsidefacestwosidestwosides90°apartonetopcornerandonebothendsbottomedges90°apartadjacenttopedge
seeNote1seeNote1seeNote1
10.ScheduleA—Handling—ManualandMechanical:10.1Therearetwotypesofhandlinghazardelement,
manualandmechanical.Themanualhandlingtestshouldbeusedforsinglecontainers,smallerpackages,andanyshippingcontainerthatcanbehandledmanually,uptoaweightof200lb(90.7kg).Mechanicalhandlingshouldbeusedforunitizedloads,largecasesandcrates,andanyshippingcontainerorsystemthatwillbehandledbymechanicalmeans.Manualandmechanicalhandlingaredescribedfurtherin10.2and10.3.10.2ManualHandling—Thetestlevelsandthetestmethodforthisscheduleofthedistributioncycleareintendedtodeterminetheabilityoftheshippingunittowithstandthehazardsoccurringduringmanualhandlings,suchasloading,unloading,stacking,sorting,orpalletizing.Themainhazardsfromtheseoperationsaretheimpactscausedbydroppingorthrowing.Size,weight,andshapeoftheshippingunitwill
5
NOTE1—Onthelastimpactofthelastmanualhandlingsequenceinadistributioncycle,theimpactshouldbemadeattwicethespeci?edheightorequivalentvelocitychange.(Thisisthe?nal(sixth)dropinthesequence,notanadditionaldrop.)Thedropshouldbeintheimpactorientationmostlikelyforadroptooccur,usuallythelargestfaceorthebottom.Fordistributioncycleswhereanydroporientationispossible(thatis,shipmentsviacarriersthatmechanicallysortpackages),thisdropshouldbeinthemostcriticalordamage-proneorientation,asde?nedinTestMethodD5276.
NOTE2—Theequivalentvelocitychangecorrespondingtothespeci?eddropheightusedfortheshockmachinemethodshallbecalculatedasspeci?edinTestMethodD5487.
10.2.4BridgeImpactTest:TestMethod—D5265.Conditioning—SeeSection6.
10.2.4.1Conductbridgeimpactsonlong,narrowshippingunitswhichhavealengthofatleast36in.(915mm)andeachoftheothertwodimensionsare20%orlessofthelongestdimension.