D4169?09
A1.3WarehouseorVehicleStacking—RefertoSection11,ScheduleB—WarehouseStackingandScheduleC—VehicleStacking.
A1.4LowPressure(HighAltitude)Hazard:
A1.4.1Thisscheduleisintendedtoprovidefortheantici-patedreductioninpressurewhenpackagedproductsaretransportedviacertainmodesoftransport,suchasbyaircraftorbygroundovermountainpasses.Thistestshouldbeincludedforproductsandpackagesthatcouldbesensitivetoalowpressureenvironment,forexample,sealed?exiblenon-porouspackages,liquidcontainers,orporouspackagesthatmaybepackedinsuchamannerastobeadverselyaffectedbylowpressureenvironments..
A1.4.2Forpressurizedaircrafttransport,testthepackagestopressuresrecommendedinTestMethodD6653.Fornon-pressurizedaircrafttransport,use4572km(15000ft)asexpectedaltitude(correspondingpressureinastandardatmo-sphere:57.2kPaor8.3psia)andmaintainforaperiodof60min.
A1.5EnvironmentalHazard:
A1.5.1RefertoSection16,ScheduleH—EnvironmentalHazard.
A1.6LooseLoadVibration:
A1.6.1Thetestlevelsandthetestmethodforthisscheduleofthedistributioncycleareintendedtodeterminetheabilityoftheshippingunittowithstandtherepetitiveshocksoccurringduringtransportationofbulkorlooseloads.Thetestlevelsandtestmethodaccountforamplitude,direction,anddurationoftherepetitiveshocks.
A1.6.2Usethefollowingtestmethodandlevels:TestMethodD999,MethodA1orA2.Conditioning—SeeSection6.
SpecialInstruction—Dwelltimeshallbedistributedasfol-lows:
(1)ForAssuranceLevelsIandII,thedwelltimeshallbe2hoursonthebaseforunitizedloadsandshippingcontainerswithskidbases,and1hourineachofthreemutuallyperpendicularaxesforallothershippingcontainerswhichmaybetransportedinanyorientation.
(2)ForAssuranceLevelIII,dwelltimeshallbe15minutesontheshippingcontainerbaseplus7.5minutesoneachoftwoadjacentsides.
A1.7VehicleVibration:
A1.7.1Thetestmethodandlevelsforthisscheduleareintendedtodeterminetheabilityofshippingunitstowithstandrandomvibrationduringtransport.
TestMethod—RefertoMIL-STD-810F.Conditioning—SeeSection6.
A1.7.2Conductarandomvibrationtestforatotalof9husingthePSD(powerspectraldensities)shownbelow.Fortheverticalvibration,conductthetestfor3honaverticalmotionvibrationmachine.Fortransverseandlongitudinalvibration,conductthetestonahorizontalmotionvibrationmachinefor3hineachaxis.
11
and90ft(9.1,18.3,and27.4m).Boardanglestothetruck’spathshallbe90,60,and75degreesrespectively,withtheleftwheelstriking?rstoverthesecondobstacle(boardpairs)andtherightwheel?rstoverthethird
(3)ShippingCases,Crates,UnitizedLoadsandCylindri-calContainers—RotationalDrops—Foredgedrops,useMethodAofTestMethodsD6179witha6in.(150mm)heighttimberedgesupport.Inthecaseofrectangularshippingunits,dropsaremadeoneachoppositeedgeoftheunit’sbase,foratotaloffourimpacts.Forcylindricalshippingunits,dropsshallbemadewiththeunitonitsside,suchthatimpactsoccurontopandbottomrimsatdiagonallyoppositequadrants.Caremustbetakentopreventthecontainerfromrollingonthesupport.Additionalimpactsshallbemadeinthesamemannerindifferentquadrantsseparatedbyanapproximate90°,foratotaloffourdrops.Forcornerdrops,useMethodBofTestMethodsD6179,exceptthatonecorneroftheshippingunitbaseshallbesupportedona6in.(150mm)heightblockwhiletheothercorneronthesameendorsiderestsona12in.(300mm)heightblock.Eachcornerwillbeimpacted,foratotaloffourdrops.Bothedgewiseandcornerwisedropsshallbeperformedonlargerectangularshippingunits.Forallrota-tionaldrops,testwiththelowestdropheightindicatedbyeithergrossweightormaximumdimension,usingthefollow-ingtestlevels.
GrossWeight,lb(kg)orMaximum
Dimension,in(mm)
over100to250(45to113)orover60to66(1524to1676)over250to500(to227)orover66to78(to1981)
over500to1000(to454)orover78to90(to2286)over1000(over454)orover90(2286)
DropHeight,in.(mm)AssuranceLevel
III30(762)24(610)
24(610)18(457)12(305)
18(457)12(305)9(229)
Note—Forsmallerdimensioncontainers,whereitisnot
possibletoreachthedesireddropheightoncorneroredgedrops,raisethecorneroredgeuntilthecontainerisatitsbalancepointandthenreleasethecontainertofallonthe
intendedcorneroredge.
(4)ShippingCases,Crates,andUnitizedLoads–LateralImpacts—NotethatthistestistobeperformedonlyduringthesecondhandlingsequenceofDistributionCycle18.TestingshallbeinaccordancewithTestMethodD880,ProcedureB.Alternatively,testingmaybeinaccordancewithTestMethodD4003,MethodB,usingashortdurationprogrammer,assum-ingthecoefficientofrestitutionis0.0andthetotalvelocitychangeisequivalenttothespeci?edimpactvelocity.Selectionofapparatus,asde?nedwithinthesetestmethods,shallalsobeattheoptionofthepackagedesigner/contractor.Asarequire-mentforAssuranceLevelI,theimpactvelocityshallbe7.3ft/s(2.23m/s).Onelateralimpactshallbeperformedoneachside(includingends)surfacehavingadimensionlessthan9.5ft(2.9m).A4by4in.(100by100mm)timber,placedsoastocontacttheloweredgeoftheshippingunit,shallbeusedasanimpactinghazardwhenevaluatingunitizedloadsanddemountableshippingcases.
(5)ShippingCases,Crates,andUnitizedLoads—SlingHandling—Testshippingcases,crates,andunitizedloadsforslinghandling,inaccordancewithMethodFofTestMethodsD6055,onlyforAssuranceLevelI.Notethatthistestisperformedonlyduringthethirdhandlingsequence.
Vertical
Frequency,PSD,Hzg2/Hz100.01500400.015005000.00015
1.04grms
Transverse
Frequency,PSD,Hzg2/Hz100.00013200.00065300.00065780.00002790.000191200.000195000.00001
0.204grms
Longitudinal
Frequency,PSD,Hzg2/Hz100.00650200.006501200.000201210.003002000.003002400.001503400.000035000.00015
0.740grms
D4169?09
A1.7.3Fortheverticalmotiontest,mounttestspecimentothevibrationmachinesurfaceinamannerdynamicallyrepre-sentativeofthelifecycleeventsimulated.Forthetransverseandlongitudinalmotiontests,fastenthetestspecimentothevibrationmachinesurfacebytheuseoftwoormorestrapsoverthespecimenatrightangletothevibratorymotion,tighteneddowntothemachinesurfacetopreventmovement.I-boltswithratchetingstrapsaresuggestedrestrainingdevices.
APPENDIXES
(NonmandatoryInformation)X1.EXAMPLETESTPLANS
X1.1Thefollowingexampleswillservetoillustratetheuseofthispractice:
X1.2ExampleA—Testapackagedcommercialproduct.Themoderatevalueandvolumeofshipmentaretypicalofotherproductsintheshipper’sline.Nodamageisacceptableandthepackagemustbeingoodconditionafterthetest.The?berboardpackagedproductweighs160lb(73kg),is48in.(1.2m)long,20in.(0.5m)wide,24in.(0.6m)high,andstacked2highonpalletsforstorageandtruckloadshipment.Thecorrugated?berboardcontaineris275psi(1900kPa)burstgradematerial.Thecustomerstorespalletizedloads2highonthe?oor.Theproductdoesnotsupportanyoftheload.X1.2.1Step1,De?neShippingUnit—Shippingunittobetestedisatypicalpalletload.
X1.2.2Step2,EstablishAssuranceLevel—AssuranceLevelIIwillbeused,basedonvalueandvolumeofshipment.X1.2.3Step3,DetermineAcceptanceCriteriaatAssuranceLevelII:
Criterion1—Noproductdamage.
Criterion2—Allpackagesinsaleablecondition.
X1.2.4Step4,SelectTestSchedules—DC–6willbeusedforthispalletized,truckloadshipment.X1.2.5Step5,WriteTestPlan:
SequenceTestScheduleTestMethods
1AHandling—D6055MethodA
Mechanical
D880ProcedureB
D6179MethodC
2
DStackedVibrationAHandling—Mechanical
D4728
3D6055MethodAD880ProcedureBD6179MethodC
4
BWarehouseStacking
D642
Level
Pickup,transportaroundtestcourse,setdown,5cycles.Horizontalimpactallfoursides,4.0ft/s(1.22m/s)Rotationaldrop,oneimpactontwooppositebase
edgesfrom6in.(0.152m).“Truck”PSDpro?le,0.52grms,duration180min,withloadstackedontop.APickup,transportaroundtestcourse,setdown,5cycles.Horizontalimpactallfoursides,4.0ft/s(1.22m/s)Rotationaldrop,oneimpactontwooppositebase
edgesfrom6in.(0.152m).Compressionofpalletloadto2880lbf(12800N)onF=4.5.
Alternativevibrationtestcon?gurations,1:test2fullpalletloadshigh,oruseadeadweightloadtosimulatetheupperpalletload,2:testasingleindividualcontainerwith480lbdeadweightloadtosimulatetheloadstackedontopofbottomcontainer.
AX1.2.6Step6,SelectSamplesforTest—Selectrepresenta-tivesamples.
X1.2.7Step7,ConditionSamples—Conditionto2361°C,5062%relativehumidity,inaccordancewithPracticeD4332.
12
D4169?09
X1.3.6Step6,SelectSamplesforTest—Selectrepresenta-tivesamples.
X1.3.7Step7,ConditionSamples—Conditionto2361°C,5062%relativehumidity,inaccordancewithPracticeD4332.
X1.3.8Step8,PerformTests—PerformtestsinaccordancewiththetestplaninStep5,asdirectedinthereferencedASTMstandardsandinthespecialinstructionsforeachtestschedule.X1.3.9Step9,EvaluateResults—Examineproductsandpackagestodetermineiftheacceptancecriteriahavebeenmet.X1.3.10Step10,DocumentTestResults—Writeareporttocoverallstepsindetail,inaccordancewithSection18.
X1.2.8Step8,PerformTests—PerformtestsinaccordancewiththetestplaninStep5,asdirectedinthereferencedASTMstandardsandinthespecialinstructionsforeachtestschedule.X1.2.9Step9,EvaluateResults—Examineproductsandpackagestodetermineiftheacceptancecriteriahavebeenmet.X1.2.10Step10,DocumentTestResults—Writeareporttocoverallstepsindetail,inaccordancewithSection18.X1.3ExampleB—ProducttobetestedisidenticaltotheproductfromExampleA,exceptthatitwillbeshippedindividuallythroughanLTLdistributionsystem,andthereisnostorageofmorethanonecontainerhigh.Additionalinformationisthatthepackagehasunsupportedinteriorspansexceeding12in.(0.3m)onallfoursides,andhasnopalletorskid.
X1.3.1Step1,De?neShippingUnit—Shippingunittobetestedisasinglepackage.
X1.3.2Step2,EstablishAssuranceLevel—AssuranceLevelIIwillbeused,basedonvalueandvolumeofshipment.X1.3.3Step3,DetermineAcceptanceCriteriaatAssuranceLevelII:
Criterion1—Noproductdamage.
Criterion2—Allpackagesinsaleablecondition.
X1.3.4Step4,SelectTestSchedules—DC-3willbeusedforthissinglepackageshipmentviaLTLmotorfreight.X1.3.5Step5,WriteTestPlan:
SequenceTestScheduleTestMethod
D52761AHandling—
Manual
Level
Onedropontop,twodropsonadjacentbottomedges,twodropsondiagonallyop-positebottomcorners,onedroponbottom,dropheight7in.(178mm).
TruckPSDpro?le,0.52grms,60minoneachoftwoadja-centsidesandbottomwithconcentrateddeadloadontop,loadweighingamountascalculatedperD4169,12.2
20minonbottom,10minoneachoftwoadjacentsides.Onedroponverticaledge,twodropsonadjacentsidefaces,onedropontopcor-ner,onedroponadjacenttopedge,dropheight7in.(178mm).Onedroponbot-tom,dropheight14in.(355mm).
2
DStackedVibration
D4728
34
FLooseLoadVibrationAHandling—Manual
D999,
MethodA1orA2D5276
13
D4169?09
X2.USINGTHEDC-2DISTRIBUTIONCYCLE
X2.1TheDC-2distributioncycleisusedwhenanantici-pateddistributioniswellunderstoodandothercycles,DC-3throughDC-18,arenotsufficientlydescriptive.Theunder-standingofdistributionmaybedevelopedinseveralways,including:measurementoftheenvironmentwithappropriateinstrumentation;carefulobservationofthevarioushazardelementsindistribution;referencetopublishedauthoritativeinformation;productdamagereports;oracombinationthereof.X2.2TheuserofDC-2isallowedcomplete?exibilityindevelopingatestplanthataccuratelyre?ectstheanticipateddistribution.ThisincludestheabilitytovaryAssuranceLevelsbetweentestschedulesforeachhazardelement,aspresentlystatedin8.2forapplicationtoanyDistributionCycle.TheabilitytomodifytestlevelsorotherdetailswithinatestscheduleisalsopermittedinDC-2whenexperiencehasshownitmoreaccuratelycorrelateswithactualexperience.X2.2.1Thefollowinghypotheticalexamplesillustratein-stanceswheresuch?exibilityisuseful.
X2.2.1.1Example1—Fortruckloadshipmentsofpalletizedloadsstackedtwo-highontrailersfromamanufacturertoacustomer,athoroughstudyofhandlingatbothendsoftheshippingcycle(manufacturerandcustomer)hasshownthefollowing:nosigni?cantimpactsagainstthesidesoftheloads,onlyagainsttheends;seldomanymorethanonerotationaldropoftheloadonabaseedge;smallamountoflifttruckhandlingbythemanufacturerbutamoderateamountbythecustomer;andnowarehousing/stackingofloadsinstoragebyeithermanufacturerorcustomer.
(1)TheuserofDC-2developsatestplanthatincludesamodi?edScheduleAMechanicalHandlingatthebeginningandattheendofthedistributioncyclebutdoesnotincludeacompressiontest,asfollows:
Sequence
Schedule
TestMethod
DetailsofTestand
LevelsPickup,transportaroundtestcourse,setdown3timesInclineimpactoneachendofthepalletizedloadat4ft/s
Rotationaldrop,imipactoneendbaseedgefrom6in.
TruckPSDpro?le,0.52grms,dura-tion3h,twoloadshigh
Pickup,transportaroundtestcourse,setdown5timesInclineimpactoneachendofthepalletizedloadat4ft/s
D6179MethodC
Rotationaldrop,impactonotherendbaseedgefrom6in.
(2)ComparingthistestplantoX1.2ExampleAwhereDC-6wasused,thenumberoftestsandintensitiesaresomewhatless.
X2.2.1.2Example2—Followingreportsofanunacceptableamountofcornerdamageinshipmentsofaconsumerproductdirectfromthemanufacturertotheconsumerviasmallparcelcarriers,athoroughstudyofhandlingandtransporthasbeenmade.Subsequentcornerdroptestsrevealedthatadropof42in.highisneededtoproducethetypeofdamagereportedandinstrumentedshipmentshaveveri?edsomedropsatthatheight.Thepackagedproductweighs43lb,andoutsidedimensionsofthecontainerare24in.lengthby10in.widthby42in.depth(end-opening32ECTgradebox).Thecontainerandinteriorcorrugatedpackagingpiecesprovideallofthesupportincompression,andthecontainerismarkedwith“ThisWayUp”arrowsinnormaldepthdirection.Thereisnoreporteddamagetothecorrugatedcontainersduetoexcessivecompressiveloads,andinstrumentedshipmentsverifythatthecontainerisalmostalwaysinanormaldepthorientation(42in.dimensionupright)duringtransportation.TheuserofDC-2developsatestplanthatsimulatestheanticipateddistribution,asfollows:
Sequence
Schedule
TestMethodD5276
DetailsofTestand
LevelsDroptestfrom21in.highinsixorien-tationsasde-scribedintableof10.2.3FirstSe-quenceofDistribu-tionCyclesCompressiontestto642lb(M=10.0lb/ft3,H=108in.,F=7.0
40minonbottom
1
modi?edA-handlingbyshipperandcarrier
2
C-stackingintruck
D642
1
modi?edA-handlingbythe
manufacturer
D6055MethodA
3
D880
ProcedureB
F-looseloadvibra-tionE-truckvibrationmodi?edA-handlingbycarrierandre-ceiver
D999A2
4D4728
D6179MethodC
180minonbottom,0.52grmsDroptestfrom21inhighin?veori-entationsasde-scribedintableof10.2.3SecondSe-quenceofDistribu-tionCycles.Droponcefrom42in.highonthemostdamage-pronecorner.
5D5276
2
D-transportstackedvibration
D4728MethodA
3
modi?edA-handlingbycus-tomer
D6055MethodA
D880
ProcedureB
(1)ComparingtoX1.3ExampleBwhereDC-3wasused,thistestplan’sAssuranceLevelsvarybetweentestschedulesinthesequence,droptestheightsarehigherthananylistedinthetableof10.2.3fortheshippingweightinvolved,compression
14
D4169?09
strengthischeckedforfulltrailerheightof108in.(ratherthan54in.height),andvibrationtestsareconductedinonlyoneorientationratherthanthree.
REFERENCES
(1)Ostrem,F.E.,andLibovicz,B.A.,“ASurveyofEnvironmental
ConditionsIncidenttotheTransportationofMaterials,”GeneralAmericanResearchDivision,October1971,pp.204–442.
(2)Henzi,A.N.,“ASurveyofTestMethodsCurrentlyUsedfor
SimulatingtheTransportationEnvironment,”GeneralAmericanRe-searchDivision,April1971,pp.202–728,PreparedforDepartmentofTransportation,OfficeofHazardousMaterials.
(3)Ostrem,F.E.,andRumerman,M.L.,“ShockandVibrationTrans-portationDesignCriteriaManual,”GeneralAmericanResearchDivision,September1965.N6634681.PreparedforNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration.
(4)InternationalSafeTransitAssociation,“PreshipmentTestProce-dures,”Procedure1and1A,April1996.
(5)EIAStandardRS–414–A,“SimulatedShippingTestsforConsumer
ElectronicProductsandElectronicComponents.”ElectronicIndus-triesAssoc.,February1975.
(6)PreshipmentTestStandardforPackagedMajorAppliances,ANSI/
AHAMMA–1–PS–1980.
(7)FederalTestMethodStandardNo.101C.Preservation,Packaging,
andPackagingMaterials:TestProcedures,March1980.
(8)“TheRailroadEnvironment,AGuideforShipperandRailroad
Personnel,”NewYorkCentralRailroadCo.,1966.
(9)PackagingforParcelPost,U.S.PostalService,November1974.(10)Ostrem,F.E.,andGodshall,W.D.,“AnAssessmentoftheCommon
CarrierShippingEnvironment.”GeneralTechnicalReportFPL22,U.S.ForestProductLaboratory,1979.
(11)“TransportabilityCriteria,ShockandVibration,”Departmentof
ArmyTechnicalBulletinTB55–100Hq.,DepartmentofArmy,April1964.
(12)EnvironmentalTestMethods,MilitaryStandard810C,Department
ofDefense,March1975.
(13)NationalMotorFreightClassi?cationItem180,PerformanceTesting
ofShippingContainers,AmericanTruckingAssociation,Inc.,1995.
ASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstandard.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.
Thisstandardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteeandmustbereviewedevery?veyearsandifnotrevised,eitherreapprovedorwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherforrevisionofthisstandardorforadditionalstandardsandshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommittee,whichyoumayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStandards,attheaddressshownbelow.
ThisstandardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singleormultiplecopies)ofthisstandardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressorat610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),orservice@astm.org(e-mail);orthroughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.org).PermissionrightstophotocopythestandardmayalsobesecuredfromtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).
15