纪式学堂----纪旻潆
三、语法 形容词和副词的最高级
形容词的最高级（用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较） ①adj最高级前要有the ；adv最高级前的the可以省略 （2）the +序数词+最高级+名词“第……的人/物”
（3）one of +the +adj 最高级+名词复数 \最……的人/物之一\（4）the + 形容词的最高级 + of / in …
He is the tallest of the three. 他是这三个人中最高的。 He is the funniest in his class. 他是他们班最有趣的。
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? 一、短语
think of认为 learn from从……获得；向……学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目 game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对 try one’s best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与……一样有名 have a discussion about就……讨论 one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换=replace do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料 one of……之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of……的象征 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事
happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing…?做……怎么样？ be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
二、词语辨析
1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个??另一个??时，常用one ?the other?。例： He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例： You two stay here, the others go with me.
I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例： We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：
Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例： I don’t like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到
Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing. 3. go on 发生，与 take place 同义
4.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。
1）Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday. 2）Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street.
11
纪式学堂----纪旻潆
3）happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧??”. Sb + happens to do sth.
I happened to see my uncle on the street. 4）* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例： Great changes have taken place in China. The meeting will take place next Friday.
5.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：
1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计??可能发生。 I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter. 2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事
Lily expects to come back next week. 3)expect sb. to do sth.
I expect my mother to come back early. 4)expect + 从句 预计??
I expected that I’ll come back next Monday.
6. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man. be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真
Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her. be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 ____He’s serious about selling his house. 7.appear, seem, look (似乎，好像)。如：
8.(1) 三者均为连系动词，均可后接形容词、名词、不定式作表语 He looks [seems, appears] honest.他似乎很诚实。
（ 2） 在there be开头的句子里，可用seem, appear, 一般不用 look。如：
There seems [appears] to be something the matter with her. 她好像出了什么事似的。 9.education v.教育------educational adj. 教育的 Discuss v.讨论------discussion n.讨论，商量 Mean v. 打算，本意是 ----meaning adj.有意义的----meaningless adj.毫无意义的 Success n. 成功(可数）-----successful adj.成功的 ----succeed v.成功 10.be famous for; be famous as 1）be famous for因??而著名
Beijing is famous for many places of interest.北京以许多名胜古迹而著称。 2)be famous as 作为??是出名的
He is famous as a writer.作为一个作家他是有名气的。
11. (1)wear 是“穿着”，“戴着”的意思，可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子，戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调状态。
I don't wear glasses. 我不戴眼镜。
2)put on指“戴上”，“穿上”，表示穿衣服的动作，其反义词是take off。 Put on your coat, it is cold today. 穿上外套吧，今天天气冷。
3)dress 可作及物动词，有“穿着”，“打扮”的意思，但只用于穿衣，它既表示动作，又表状态，常用于下列结构：dress sb / oneself(给某人穿衣服)、dress well和be dressed in 等 She always dresses well.她总是打扮得很漂亮。
4)have on 是“穿着”的意思，指穿的状态，但have on不用于进行时态。 He has a blue coat on. ( = He’s wearing a blue coat. )他穿着一件蓝衣服。
12
纪式学堂----纪旻潆
5.)be in+表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构，强调“穿着”“戴着”的状态,后面多接颜色 如The girl in red is my sister. 穿着红色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹
12. hope与wish这两个词都表示“希望”，但含义和用法不同。
▲wish后一般接含有虚拟语气的名词性从句，用以表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，有时也可用于表示对人的祝福（注意：wish后不能接动名词）wish to do sth /wish sb to do sth /wish that+从句
I wish I were as strong as you. 我真希望我像你一样健壮。 I wish you success. 祝你成功。
▲hope用于有可能实现的场合。hope后可接动词不定式、名词从句，但不能在接动名词、名词或宾语后再加动词不定式。hope to do sth./hope that+从句 I hope that you will succeed. 我希望你会成功。 13. Mind
(1)n. “脑子”、“心思”等，通常用作可数名词 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦 (2) v.“介意”、“在乎”(后跟动词ing形式）
(2) Do you mind helping us? 请你帮我们一下忙好吗? 15.
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.
短语 grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必 send…to…把……送到…… be able to能 the meaning of……的意思 different kinds of不同种类的 write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与……有关系 take up开始做；学着做 hardly ever几乎不；很少 too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能
be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事 help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事（未做） remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
语法 be going to的用法
1） be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow,
next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。
肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there. 否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.
一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.
Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？
What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends? 2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点
13
纪式学堂----纪旻潆
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。
The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week. 4) be going to 与 will 的区别： ① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。
Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. ②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. ③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will. I will ten years old next year.
④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will. I’m tired I will go to bed. ⑤ 表示意愿用will.
I’ll tell you the truth.
⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will. 词语解析
1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：
1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me. 2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.
3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time. promise n. 允诺， 诺言
Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise. 2.when 与 while 的区别：
when 表示“当?时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking. When she arrives, I’ll call you.
while 表示“当?时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。 Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano. Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。 Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：mind介意/finish/keep/practice练习/have fun/feel like 4. everyday 与 every day 区别
everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework. every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.
5. send v. “派，送” send?to?“把??送到，把??派到”. 有关send 的词组： send away 开除，解雇，赶走 send for 派人去请/叫 send off 寄出（信等），发出（信息）。 You should send all the letters off soon.
14
纪式学堂----纪旻潆
Unit7 Will people have robots?
on computer在电脑上 on paper在纸上 live to do 200 years old活动200岁 free time空闲时间 in danger处于危险之中 on the earth在地球上 play a part in sth.参与某事 space station太空站 look for寻找 computer programmer电脑编程员 in the future在未来 hundreds of许多；成百上千 the same…as…与……一样 over and over again多次；反复地 get bored感到厌烦的 wake up醒来 fall down倒塌
will+动词原形 将要做……
fewer/more+可数名词复数 更少/更多…… less/more+不可数名词 更少/更多…… have to do sth.不得不做某事 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 such+名词（词组） 如此…… play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事
There will be + 主语+其他 将会有……
There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事
make sb. do sth. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
词语辨析：
1. every 与 each 的区别：
every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj. every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 each adj./ pron.
Every teacher knows her.
There are lots of trees on each side of the road. Each of the road has a dictionary.
2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。
All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean? 3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。
person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。 people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。
man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.
He was the only human on the island. There are only three persons in the room. There are many people there. Man is stronger than woman.
4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法： seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.
seem like 好像，似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time.
15