way
为促进廉价房，地方官员最好不要挡在路上 —stop requiring one-acre lots
[ n. 一块地]
and two-car garages, and stop blocking
low-income and high-density projects.
—不要要求一英亩最小面积和两车位的车库、不要阻止低收入和高密度的项目。
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Washington politicians, on the other hand, have the federal budget at their disposal
[ 供某人支配 ].
另一方面，联邦预算由华盛顿政界人士决定。
But Congress hasn't supported new construction since the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit of 1986,
但是，美国国会自1986年施行低收入住房税收抵免政策以来没有再支持过新的建设项目
which creates nearly 100,000 units of affordable housing a year, enough to replace half the units that are torn down [ 拆毁] or converted to market rents.
该政策每年造就近100,000套廉价住房，足以取代被拆除或被转变为市场化招租的那些住房总数的一半。
Bush proposed a home-ownership tax credit during his 2000 and 2004 campaigns, 布什在2000年和2004年的竞选中提出了房屋所有权税收抵免政策，这是一项极好的政策 but it turned out to be the rare tax cut he didn't pursue. 但是他最终竟然没有实行
A bill pending [ adj. 未定的，待决的] in Congress would divert [ v. 改变 ] a percentage of profits from federally chartered institutions such as Fannie Mae to a national affordable-housing trust fund, but it seems stalled [ v. 停滞不前 ].
一项等待国会投票的法案可能会把一些联邦特许机构—如房利美—的利润按照一定的百分比转移到
国家廉价房信托基金名下，但这项法案似乎停滞不前。
The only affordability ideas with any traction[ n. 牵引力] at the national level are not really housing ideas;
唯一的用国家力量促进支付能力的办法并不是有关住房的办法；
for example, one way to make housing more affordable to workers would be to raise their incomes
例如，有一个方法可以让劳动者更能够负担得起住房费用，那就是提高他们的收入
—through higher minimum wages, lower payroll taxes or an expanded Earned Income Tax Credit.
—通过提高最低工资、降低工资税或扩大收入税收抵免等方式。
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There is one clear solution to the affordable-housing crisis: a real estate crash. 解决廉价房危机的一个明确办法：房地产市场崩溃。
It's the one housing issue that attracts media attention—because it would hurt the Owns.
这是一个能够吸引媒体关注的住房问题—因为这会伤害有房户。
But while an easing of prices could be devastating for lower-income Owns with risky mortgages,
但是对于使用风险贷款的低收入房屋所有人来说放松价格可能是毁灭性的
it probably wouldn't bring home ownership within reach for many Own- Nots. 另一方面对于无房者来说，它也不会带来居者有其屋的结果。 Prices have too far to fall; 价格下降还有很大的空间
in 2000, two-thirds of the home sales in Fairfax were for $250,000 or less,
在2000年，费尔法克斯2／3的房屋销售价格不高于$250,000 but last year, fewer than one-twentieth were. 但去年只有不到1／20的房屋以此价格出售。
And even a modest price slump [ v. 暴跌] could trigger a construction slowdown that would make shortages of affordable housing for moderate-income families even worse.
即便价格小幅下滑都可能引发建设减速，从而使中等收入家庭缺乏廉价房的局面变得更糟糕。
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Eventually, politicians may rediscover housing—not as an urban poverty issue, 最终，政治家可能重新发现住房问题不是一个城市贫困问题
but as a middle-class quality-of-life issue, like gas prices or health care. 而是一个中产阶级的生活质量问题，正如燃油价格或医疗保健一样。 Home ownership is often described as the American dream, 居者有其屋通常被称为是美国梦
but these days many workers would settle for a decent rental that won't bankrupt their families.
但如今许多劳动者为了使他们的家人不至于破产，宁愿租一所体面的房子居住。
Unit 10
ACADEMY IN TIMES OF CRISIS （危机时代，大学该扮演的角色）
Shirley M.Tilghman
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Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a
about the long-standing[ adj.长期存在的 ] national consensus[ n. 意见一致 ] about the value of education.
今天，由于长期以来美国人对教育价值的共识，大学在美国社会中占有得天独厚的地位。 One of my predecessors[
n. 前辈，前任 ],
President Harold Dodds, said in his
inaugural[ adj. 就职的，开始的 ] address in 1933
一位前任校长哈罗德·多兹1933年在就职演说中曾提到
that \lavishly[ adv. 过分慷慨
的 ] as does the United States.
“没有哪个国家像美国这样，不论对公立教育还是私立教育的投入都是如此地慷慨大方。 Americans have an almost childlike faith in what formal education can do for them.\美国人民对正规教育所能起到的作用抱有一种近乎天真的信念。”
That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its staggeringly[ adv. 令人吃惊的 ]inventive economy, its national security and the robustness[ n. 健全，稳固 ] of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.
这一信念是在这样一个深信不疑的基础上确立的，即美国的活力、它富有创造性和多样化的文化生活、它具有惊人独创力的经济、它的国家安全以及它健全的民主制度—极大地依赖于其高等教育机构的质量。
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Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state government in basic and applied research,
我国社会对高等教育机构的信心通过以下几点表现出来：联邦政府和州政府对基础研究和应用研究给予大量投资
investment that wisely couple support for research with[ 并提，加上 ] support for graduate education.
这些投资明智地将对研究的支持与对研究生教育的支持结合起来
It is also expresses through federal and state investments that subsidize [资助] the cost of higher education for those who cannot afford to pay, 联邦政府和州政府对无力负担高等教育学费的学生给予资助
investments by private foundations and charities who see colleges and universities as the best routes for achieving their strategic goals,
一些私人基金会和慈善机构给予投资，他们认为高等院校是达成其战略目标的最佳途径
and investments by individuals and by the private sector, who see universities as the incubators[孵化器] of future health and prosperity.
一些个人和私人部门给予投资，他们认为高等院校是未来健康发展和富裕繁荣的孵化器 In return for this broad support, society rightfully expects certain things from us. 社会当然期望我们能有所作为以回报这种广泛的支持。
It expects the generation of new ideas and the discovery of new knowledge, the exploration of complex issues in an open and collegial[ adj. 大学的，学院的 ] manner and the preparation of the next generation of citizens and leaders.
社会期望我们产生新思想，开发新知识，以一种开放和共同协作的方式探索复杂的问题，培养未来一代公民和领导者。
In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to[ 符合，不负 ] these expectations.
当处于困境的时候，我们不辜负这些期望就尤为重要。
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The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in