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又由xsinx是比(ex?1)高阶的无穷小,所以根据高阶无穷小的定义有:
n2x?xn?等价?lim2?limxn?1,从而n应满足n?2 0?limx2x?0x?0xx?0e?1综上,故正整数n?2,故选(B)
(3)【答案】(C)
【详解】y?(x?1)2(x?3)2,
所以 y??2(x?1)(x?3)2?2(x?1)2(x?3)?4(x?1)(x?2)(x?3)
xsinxny???4?(x?2)(x?3)?(x?1)(x?3)?(x?1)(x?2)?
2222???4?x?5x?6?x?4x?3?x?3x?2?43x?12x?11?????
y????4?6x?12??24?x?2?
12x11?0?,令y???0,即3x?因为判别式:??b?4ac?12?4?3?11?12?0,
2所以y???0有两个不相等的实根,且y???2??3?2?12?2?11??1?0,所以两个实根不
222为2,因此在使y???0这两点处,三阶导数y????0,(一般地,若f???x0??0,且f????x0??0,则点x0,?f?x0?一定是曲线y?f?x?的拐点),因此曲线有两个拐点,故选(C)
23x?12x?11?或根据y???4???是一条抛物线,且与x轴有两个不相同的交点,所以在
??两个交点的左右y??符号不相同,满足拐点的定义,因此选(C)
(4)【答案】(A)
【详解】方法1:令F?x??f(x)?x,则F??x??f?(x)?1?f?(x)?f??1?
??1由于f'(x)严格单调减少,因此当x?(1??,1)时,f?(x)?f?,则??1F??x??f?(x)?f)??f?1,则??0;当x?(1?,?1时,f?(x?F??x??f?(x?)??f??10,且在x?1处F??1??f?(1)?f??1??0,
根据判定极值的第一充分条件:设函数f(x)在x0处连续,且在x0的某去心?领域内可导,若x??x0??,?x0?时,f?(x)?0,而x??x0,?x0???时,f?(x)?0,则f(x) Born to win
在x0处取得极大值,知F?x?在x?1处取极大值,即在在(1??,1)和(1,1??)内均有
F?x??F?1??0,也即f(x)?x. 故选(A)
方法2:排除法,取
x?1??f(x)??22?x,则f?(x)??2x,?3?x??1?1??2f??(x)??2?0,所以满足题设在区间(1??,1??)内具有二阶导数,f'(x)严格单调
减少,且f(1)??x?1?f'(1)?1,当x?1时或x?1时,均有f(x)??22?x?x,因此
可以排除(B)、(C)、(D),选(A)
(5) 【答案】(D)
【详解】从题设图形可见,在y轴的左侧,曲线y?f(x)是 严格单调增加的,因此当x?0时,一定有f'(x)?0,对应
y?f?(x)图形必在x轴的上方,由此可排除(A),(C);
又y?f(x)的图形在y轴右侧靠近y轴部分是单调增,所以在这一段内一定有
f'(x)?0,对应y?f?(x)图形必在x轴的上方,进一步可排除(B),故正确答案为(D).
三【详解】作积分变量变换,令x?tanu,则dx?secudu,
2sec2udu原式?? ?? 222(2tanu?1)secu(2tanu?1)tanu?1sec2ududucos2ududu????? 22(2tan2u?1)cosu?2sin2u2sinu?cosucosu??(?1)cosu2cosu??cosuducosududsinu??
2sin2u?cos2u?sin2u?1?sin2u?1 Born to win
?sinu??arctan(sinu)?C
四【分析】应先求出f(x)的表达式,再讨论它的间断点,首先明确间断点的类型分为两大类:第一类间断点和第二类间断点,第一类间断点又可分为:可去间断点(左右极限存在且相等的间断点)和跳跃间断点(左右极限存在但不相等的间断点);第二类间断点又可分为:无穷间断点(有一个极限为无穷的间断点)和振荡间断点(极限值在某个区间变动无限多次).
tanu21?tanuxarctan()?C
2tanu?x1?x??sint?【详解】由 f(x)?lim??t?xsinx??又 limt?xxsitn?sxin?limet?x?sitn?sln???sinx?xit?nxsin?limet?xx?sitn?ln??sint?sinx?sinx?
xx?sint??sint?ln??limln?1? ?t?x?1?sint?sinx?sinx?sint?sinx?sinx?xx?sint?sinx??sint?sinx?ln?1??lim???
sint?sinx?sinx?t?xsint?sinx?sinx?xx? sinxsinxx?sint?ln??sint?sinx?sinx??limt?x?limt?x所以 f(x)?limet?xxsinx?et?xsint?sinxlimx?sint?ln???sinx??exsinx
由f(x)?e的表达式,可以看出自变量x应满足sinx?0,从而
x?k?,?k?0,?1,?2 ,当x?0时,
xsinxlimf(x)?limex?0x?0?ex?0sinxlimx?e1?e,
所以x?0为f(x)的第一类间断点(左右极限相等,又进一步可知是可去间断点);
对于非零整数k,
x?k??limf(x)?lim?ex?k?xsinx?ex?k??sinxlimx?sinx?0??,
故x?k?,?k??1,?2,
五【解答】由y?为f(x)的第二类间断点(无穷间断点)
x,有y'?12x,y????14x3, 抛物线在点M(x,y)处的曲率半径
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??1?3?1???222x???1(1?y')?????(x)??Ky\1?4x32?????321??1?3??4x???1(4x?1)2. 124xx32若已知平面曲线AM的显式表示为y?f?x??a?x?b?,则弧长为
s??ba1?f?2?x?dx,其中f?x?在?a,b?有连续的导数.
根据上述结论,所以抛物线上AM的弧长
s?s(x)??x11?y'2dx??x1x1?1?1??dx?1?dx ??14x?2x?2d?d?dx故 ?dsdsdx3?1?1?21312?(4x?1)??(4x?1)?4223(4x?1)?2x??22????6x 1?12?x1?(4x?1)1???11?dx?4x4x??d2?dd?1d1?()??(6x)? 2dsdsdxdsdx??x1?dx??11?dx?4x???62x?11?14x?62x?62x?.
1?4x1?4x3d2?d?2162??()?3?1?4x?6x因此 3???ds2ds21?4x??2?9?1?4x??36x?9
六【详解】f(x)的反函数是g(x),根据反函数的性质有g(f(x))?x,?两边对x求导,有
f(x)0g(t)dt?x2ex??f(x)02xxg(t)dt??x2ex???g??f?x???f?(x)?xe?2xe
??又g(f(x))?x,所以
xf?(x)?x2ex?2xex?f?(x)?xex?2ex, x?(0,??)
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两边积分
?f?(x)dx???xex?2ex?dx?f(x)??xexdx??2exdx
?f(x)??xdex?2ex?f(x)?分部?xex??exdx?2ex
?f(x)?xex?ex?2ex?C?f(x)?xex?ex?C.
由于题设f(x)在[0,??)上可导,所以在x?0处连续,故
xxf?0??limf(x)?limxe?e?C??1?C?0, ???x?0x?0所以C??1,于是
f(x)?xex?ex?1, x?[0,?? )
七【详解】由f?(x)?g(x),g?(x)?2ex?f(x),得f??(x)?g?(x)?2ex?f(x),即
f??(x)?f(x)?2ex
此为二阶常系数线性非齐次方程,且右端呈Pm?x?e型(其中Pm?x??2,????1),
?x2对应的齐次方程为f??(x)?f(x)?0,特征方程为r?1?0,对应的特征值为r??i,
于是齐次方程的通解为:y?C1cosx?C2sinx, 因为??1?r,所以设特解为y*?aex(a为实数),y*?????aex,
xxxx*x代入f??(x)?f(x)?2e,ae?ae?2e,所以a?a?2,即a?1,从而特解y?e,
非齐次方程的通解为f?x??C1cosx?C2sinx?e,
x又f(0)?0,所以,f?0??C1cos0?C2sin0?e?0?C1?1?0?C1??1
0又,f??x???C1sinx?C2cosx?e,f??0??g(0)?2,
x0所以,f??0???C1sin0?C2cos0?e?C2?1?2?C2?1,
所以原方程的解为:f?x??sinx?cosx?e
x以下计算积分,有两个方法: 方法1:
??0?g(x)?1?x??f(x)?g(x)f(x)??dx ?dx?1?x(1?x)2?2?0(1?x)??