道：“早听人一句话，也不至今日。别说老太太、太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也疼。”刚说了半句又忙咽住，自悔说的话急了，不觉的就红了脸，低下头来。
Seeing he was now able to open his eyes and talk, Baochai nodded in relief. \she sighed. \when the rest of us see you like this, our hearts ache too.... \She broke off abruptly, regretting her indiscretion, and hung her head with a blush. (Yang)
(Bao-chai was relieved to see him with his eyes open and talking
again. She shook her head sadly. ?If you had listened to what one said, this would never have happened. Everyone is so upset now. It isn?t only Grand-mother and Lady Wang, you know. Even---? She checked herself abruptly, regretting that she had allowed her feelings to run away with her, and lowered her head, blushing.---Hawkes)
相反，西方人对爱情的表白是直率而大胆的。据说中国驻某国使节曾邀该国有关人士看中国电影《梁山伯与祝英台》（Butterfly Lovers），尽管放映前发了介绍故事梗概的文字说明，又请了人做专门解说，电影结束后问他们看懂了没有，没想到外国人仍一脸困惑：太累了，十八里相送，祝英台为什么用那么多的暗示来表达爱情，为什么不直接说一句I love you呢？显然，造成此困惑的原因在于文化背景的差异。（269） ? 委婉语：
The question of the unmarried people is everywhere. How to handle the linguistic problem of what to call the person with whom one?s daughter lives? “Lover” is too archaically lubricious by a shade or two. “Roommate” sounds like a freshman dorm. “Bedmate” is
sexually specific, but “friend” is too sweetly platonic. “Boy friend” and “girl friend” are a bit adolescent. “Partner” sounds as if they run a hardware store together.
（美国早期未婚同居现象）“情人”多少让人听起来有点淫荡；“室友”听起来有学生宿舍之味；“同床者”色情味太浓；“朋友”听起来过于富于少男少女的气息；“搭档”听起来像在一起做生意，像合伙开了一家五金商店。（270）
? 精确与朦胧：
It was a typical summer evening in June, the atmosphere being in such delicate equilibrium and so transmissive that inanimate objects seemed endowed with two or three senses, if not five. There was no distinction between the near the far, and an auditor felt close to everything within the horizon. The soundlessness impressed her as positive entity rather than as the mere negation of noise. It was broken by the strumming of strings. (Tess)
那是一个典型的六月黄昏。大气的平衡如此精微，传导力如此敏锐，就连冥顽的无生物也有了知觉——如果不是五种知觉的话，也有两三种。远和近已失去了差异，地平线以内的声音都仿佛近在咫尺。这一片寂静在她耳朵里并非是消极的默无声息，而仿佛是一种积极的实际存在。而这寂静却被拨弄琴弦的声音打破了。（过分“精确”，佶屈聱牙，晦涩难懂）
这是六月里特有的夏日黄昏。暮色格外柔和静美且极富感染力，连那些冥顽之物都仿佛平添了几分灵性，有了各种知觉。远近一切，难分彼此；天际间任何一丝声息，听来都恍如近在耳畔。她觉得这静寂并非单纯的悄无声息，而是一种实实在在的感受。不想这静寂却被瑟瑟的琴声打破了。（马红军译）
前译中是“模糊退场”，而此译中是“模糊登场”。（275-276）r 若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》）（The Old Drunkard?s Arbour）Now at down and dusk in this mountain come changes between light and darkness: when the sun emerges, the misty woods become clear; when the clouds hang low, the grottoes are wrapped in gloom.（277）
? 曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女
的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。All over this
winding stretch of water, what meets the eyes is a silken field of leaves, reaching rather high above the surface, like the skirts of dancing girls in all their grace. Here and there, layers of leaves are dotted with white lotus blossoms, some in demure bloom, others in shy bud, like scattering pearls, or twinkling stars, or beauties just out
the bath. A breeze stirs, sending over breaths of fragrance, like faint singing drifting from a distant building.（杨宪益、戴乃迭译）
? Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadow slept, or almost slept,
upon that water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.
亦步亦趋的译文：一些渔船停泊在我们的眼前。渔船的影子在水面上睡着了，或者说是几乎睡着了。单单的一个轻微的颤动就显示，它没有完全地睡着，或者说，假如睡着了，那么，那也是一边睡着了，一边还在做梦。
注重意境的译文：渔舟三五，横泊眼前，樯影倒映水面，仿佛睡去，偶尔微颤，似又未尝深眠，恍若惊梦。
译文用词典雅，结构工整，意境深邃，其表意效果甚至超过原文。（280-281）
汉语在写景抒情方面的特点是虚、空，用词凝练含蓄、富于音韵和美。首先表现在景物刻画时不求明细，而求空灵静虚、隐秀含蓄，追求“象外之象”、言外之意，显得模糊、朦胧和含蓄。英语的景物描写大多是实景实写，客观理性地描绘，力求准确真实地再现自然，在遣词造句上显得客观朴实、干净利落。英语需要以语言形态来表意，在词语后面留下的想象空间就难以达到汉语的高度。
杭州境内西湖如明镜，千峰凝萃，洞壑幽深，风光绮绮。杭州的春天，淡妆艳抹，无不相宜；夏天荷香阵阵，沁人心脾；秋天，桂枝飘香，菊花斗艳；冬日，琼装玉琢，俏丽媚人。西湖以变换多姿的斗艳，令人心旷神怡。
The West Lake in Hangzhou is like a mirror, embellished all round with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. Sunny or rainy, Hangzhou looks its best in spring. In summer the fragrance of lotus flowers gladdens the heart and refresh the mind. Autumn brings with it the sweet scent of laurel flowers, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. In winter the snow scenery looks just like jade-carvings, charming and beautiful. The ever-changing aspects of the beauty of West Lake makes one carefree and joyous.
让Bill Hofmann教授润色，说：This is already a very poetic passage of the scenery in Hangzhou in different seasons. I can hardly improve it in terms of gracefulness.（281-283）
? 风吹弯了路旁的树木，撕碎了店户的布幌，揭净了墙上的报单，遮昏了太阳，唱着，叫
着，吼着，回荡着！忽然直驰，像惊狂了的大精灵，扯天扯地的疾走；忽然慌乱，四面八方的乱卷，像不知怎好而决定乱撞的恶魔；忽然横扫，乘其不备的袭击着地上的一切，扭折了树枝，吹掀了屋瓦，撞断了电线；可是，祥子在那里看着；他刚从风里出来，风并没有能把他怎样了！胜利是祥子的！（老舍《骆驼祥子》）The gale bent the trees lining the road, tore the cloth shop-signs to shreds, ripped the hand-bills clean off the walls. It shrouded the sun; it sang, shouted, howled, reverberated. Sometimes it careered ahead like a huge terrified spirit, tearing heaven and earth apart in its frenzied flight; then suddenly, as if to take everything by surprise, breaking branches, carrying off roof-tiles and snapping electric wires. Yet Xiangzi stood there watching, for he had just come in out of the wind which had been powerless against him. Victory was his!（施晓箐译） ? 汉语：以神驭神；英语：以形摄神
冬天，一个e冰冷的晚上。在寂寞的马路旁边，疏枝交横的树下，候着最后一辆搭客汽车的，只有我一个人。虽然不远的墙边，也蹲着一团黑影，但他却是伸手讨钱的。马路两旁，远远近近都立着灯窗明灿的别墅，向暗蓝的天空静静地微笑着。在马路上是冷冰冰的，还刮着一阵阵猛厉的风。留在枝头的一两片枯叶，也不时发出破碎的哭声。（艾芜《冬夜》）It was a cold winter night. The street was deserted. I stood alone under a tree with an entanglement of bare branches overhead, waiting for the last bus to arrive. A few paces off in the darkness there was a shadowy figure squatting against the wall, but he turned out to be a tramp. The street was lined with fine houses, their illuminated windows beaming quietly towards the dark blue sky. It was icy cold with a gust of strong wind howling around. A couple of withered leaves still clinging to the branches, rustled mournfully from time to time.（300-301） ? 以精确译精确：
I tried to teach the lessons I had prepared, but was met with a sea of guarded faces. As the class was leaving, I detained the boy who had instigated the fight. I?ll call him Mark. “Lady, don?t waste your time,” he told me. “We?re the retards.” Then Mark strolled out of the room. 初译：我准备教我备好的课，可是，那一张张脸似乎都和我保持着距离。当同学们离开教室的时候，我留下了那个挑起争斗的男孩，准备称他马克。“老师，别浪费你的时间，”他告诉我，“我们都是呆子。”说完，马克走出了教室。
改译：我正要上我备好的课，而此时刻面对我的却是一张张戒备的脸。散课时，我留住了那个挑起争斗的男孩，我称他为马克。“小姐，别浪费时间了，”他告诉我，“我们都是呆子。”说完，马克便遛腿儿似地走出了教室。（304）
I like looking at children on the verge of some new event and knowing how they feel. Like looking at pregnant women and being able to share their mixed feeling. I like being familiar with things that once made me apprehensive. I like not being afraid to display my ignorance and ask for help. I like the confidence middle age brings.
初译：我喜欢看着孩子们遇到新闻奇事时的反应，了解他们的心境。我分享孕妇们错综复杂的情感。我沾沾自喜于熟悉了往昔使我忧心忡忡的事情。我乐于暴露自己的无知，不怕向人求教。我喜欢随着中年而来的自信心。 改译：我喜欢观察孩子们面对新事物而能揣摩其感觉；我喜欢注目孕妇而能体味其复杂心情；我喜欢了解曾令我疑惧的事物；我喜欢坦陈无知并求教他人；我喜欢人到中年的从容自信。
灵感思维的译文，其可读性往往在原文只上。如钱钟书先生所言：“（我）发现自己宁可
读林纾的译文，不乐意读哈葛德的原文。”例如：
You must know such people. They are not rich people perfectly healthy, or people without sorrows. On the contrary, they have had a full measure of misfortune. But they have never faltered in their outlook on life, in their supreme faith in all things working together for good, in their belief that they are in this world to help where help is needed. What a consolation such people are! We go to them in entire confidence. We leave them the better and the brighter, with a firmer step, and the determination to win through our difficulties.
我们肯定认识这样的人。他们并不富有，并非身强体健，也非事事顺心。相反，他们曾经遭遇过形形色色的不幸。但是，他们从未动摇过自己的人生观，他们崇尚一切都会变得更好，相信他们在这个世界上就是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人。这样的人能给我们多大的安慰啊！我们信心十足地投奔他们，离开时，我们豁然开朗、步伐坚定，并带着战胜一切困难的决心。
将go to them译成了“投奔他们”，在口吻上，在语义的传递上，岂不更值得玩味？（306） ? 以精确译模糊
满树金花，方向四溢的金桂；花白如雪，香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂；竞相开放，争妍媲美。进入桂林公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees. Flowers from these trees in different colours are in full bloom which pervade the whole park with fragrance of their blossoms.（307）
二十岁的时候，老妈打电话，不等说完三句就恨不能挂了电话。三十岁之后，一听到妈的声音就禁不住哭出声来：“妈呀，您老的所有担心现在都应验了??”
1． At the age of twenty, when mother phones me, I am anxious to hang up immediately.
After the age of thirty, on hearing mother?s voice on the phone, I cannot help crying out, “Mom, all that you worried about have come true.” 2． At age of twenty, while talking with my mother over the phone, I would hang up before
my mother had hardly any utterance. After thirty the voice of Mom invariably triggers my weep and wail, “Mom, your worries about my marriage have all come true.” （307-308）
? 以模糊译精确
She loved him well not to detect from the deepened line between his eyes and a score of other minute signs that he had received an unexpected blow. (A. Cronin: The Citadel) 原译：她太爱他了，不可能从两眼间那道加深了的纹路和二十来种其他琐细的形迹上瞧出来，他受到了一个以外的打击。 改译：他深爱着他，能轻易地从他的眉宇间那变深的纹路和许多别的琐细形迹上瞧出来，