Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
VI. Passage writing (40 points)
A passage for reference:
The Job I Like Best
In the past three years of my college life I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided on a college teacher as my lifelong career.
A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more constructive and stimulating, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge, and gain a better understanding of the world ---the living thing I enjoy in my life. Second, teaching means freedom and independence. As a teacher, I’m free to use my own ideas and make my own decision, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome.
Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the opportunity to continue learning, the satisfaction of being your own boss, and a gentle peace of life.
《英文写作》复习练习题一
I Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.
1 The plane began to shake noticeably as soon as it lifted off the runway. (periodic sentence) 2 Tom heard a knock at the door. Tom went to open it. (long sentence)
3 We must plan our budget carefully. The price of food has risen recently.(compound sentence) 4 The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.(simple sentences) 5 John Milton is one of his favorite poets. (periodic sentence)
6 Michtesquieu popularized the English system of checks and balances among the branches of government . This ideal was
adopted as a model by the writers of the American constitution. (compound sentence)
7John felt that the world had come to an end when he was not chosen for the football team.(periodic sentence)
8 Emily offered some kids China-painting lessons. She did this to earn her living. ( one simple sentence with” to”
opener )
9 The building is large. It is gray. It is on the corner. (one simple sentence)
10 The man has gray hair and sad eyes. He does not live here anymore.(complex sentence)
11 Jones has been without work for six moths. He is having trouble paying his bills. (simple sentence beginning with
prepositional phrase)
12 The old woman sat in her rocking chair on the porch. She watched her grandchildren race by on their bikes. (simple
sentence with -ing phrase)
13 The gardener waters the flower beds regularly. Or the flowers droop and die.(complex sentence beginning with Unless)
II Improve the following sentences for unity and/or coherence and/or conciseness. 1 Italian food is mouth-watering. Especially pizza. Spaghetti is delicious, too. 2 Bill yelled at the howling dog in his underwear.
3 The students attending our school are more intelligent than your school.
4 After three hours of practice, a large mug of beer was what the thirsty dancers wanted. 5 Like many of today’s students, financial security is one of Margaret’s highest priority.. 6 We thought she was not only charming, intelligent, and a very capable woman.
7 Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. 8 I’m going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like.
9 Those who wish to take linguistics are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper.
10 This machine was jointly designed by the old engineer in collaboration with some of his younger colleagues. 11 Mr. Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France. 12 Mike decided to stop smoking he did not want to die of lung cancer. 13 She tries to call home once a week. To stay in touch with her family. 14 They played while I was reading with the new pups in the basket. 15 Having almost no money, my survival depended on my parents.
16 Mr. Wang was born in Shanghai, but Beijing has been his home in later years. 17 He wrote very quickly, and soon his essay was finished .
18 My best friend in high school was our literature teacher. His name was Wei Ming. He taught us literature for three years. 19 I am not surprised that he failed in the exam and he did not get admitted by the college. 20 The reason why he came is because he wanted to see chairman. 21 I think the issues are well formulated, it seems to me. 22 My sister likes to sing, to dance, and table-tennis.
23 The examiner did not know whether to report the student for cheating or warning him first. 24 Our university has some well-known professors at home and abroad. 25 Our teacher was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious .
26 When a person becomes ill, you should see a doctor.
27 My girl friend is going to wear a long dress to the party tomorrow. It was her favorite color. 28 If admitted, his tuition will cost him five hundred dollars a semester. 29 One day, when a small child, my parents took me to the Summer Palace. 30 With a great deal of effort, his course was passed.
31 The lack of telephone service being one of the greatest drawbacks.
32 It seems that our behavior was never satisfactory. Whether we asked question or remained silent. 33 We find it a very interesting subject. So fascinating that we want to tell you about it. 34 You enter the city you smell the gasoline refineries. 35 It was raining hard they could not work in the field.
36 Their work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, thus, they over -fulfilled their quota.
III Read the following paragraphs and add a beginning topic sentence for each .
_Paragraph 1. ________________________. They have become prettier, brighter, more decisive, more outspoken. The young people certainly are far more logical and far less sentimental than the prewar generations. Some regret this. They think women, in gaining their freedom, have lost their femininity-----their modesty, their warmth, their shy grace. They accuse women of being drawn to superficial things. A modern Japanese woman ,they say, instead of trying to enrich her inner self, is in a mad scramble to ape anything that is new and foreign—fashions , cosmetics, hairdos, rock-and-to-roll. And there are many Japanese who say that a caricature of an up-to-date wife is one who sits beside a washing machine in a house that has no hot running water.
Paragraph 2. ___________________________. Very many of the things we do involve taking some risk in order to achieve a satisfactory result. We undertake a new job with no idea of the more indirect consequences of our action. Marriage is certainly a gamble and so is the bringing into existence of children, who would prove sad liabilities. A journey , a business transaction, even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy. Perpetually we gamble--- against life, destiny, chance, the unknown ------call the invisible opponent what will. Human survival and progress indicate that usually we win.
Passage 3 ______________________. This is a big attraction to many university graduates, including those who are not particularly interested in teaching. A teacher has a greater job security, and will not worry so much about being fired as those who choose to work in business firms or private enterprises, where they might work in the fear of being “sacked” even without being given any justifiable reasons. A teacher has a stable income, though not very big, but enviable enough by those who , working in some ill-managed factories or companies ,do not know for sure if they can get their full pay at the end of each month. Moreover, Unlike those, such as salespersons , interpreters and guides in travel agencies, whose job requires them to travel from place to place doing the routines all the round, leaving no time to themselves and their family. A teacher , with a stable working condition, need not worry about such mobile life and can enjoy the happiness of a stable with his or her loved ones.
Passage4. ________________________________.In more traditional societies, when children grown up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and approve of , and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at early age, marry---or live with---people whom their parents have never met and choose occupations different from those of their parents.
IV Add a beginning topic sentence and /or an end restatement to each of the following paragraphs:
1 ___________________________. The more definition the purpose, the more effective the reading. Just as a purpose control the way you walk------- a leisurely walk through a park should be different from a long trip on foot in a short time or a rush to a hospital emergency room-----a purpose controls the way you read. Having a goal to reach means getting rid of distractions that won’t help you achieve that goal.______________________________________-.
2._______________.My own experience is an example. During the last winter vocation, a friend asked me to help him improve his ability to understand spoken English. When I saw the teaching material, I felt a little frightened. For it was something like TOEFL, and I had not any practical experience with it. However, I accepted the job. Every time before teaching him, I would listen to the tape again and again in order to get everything clear. It was time-consuming and troublesome . But later_________________________________.
3 Looking forward to the decade of the 2000s, one wonders what personal qualities will be needed for success. Possibly the four most essential attributes are flexibility, honesty, creativity, and perseverance. First, our rapidly changing society requires flexibility_-------the ability to adapt oneself readily to new ideas and experiences. Next, honesty, the capacity both to tell and face the truth courageously, will be important in all aspects of personal and public relations. In addition, creativity will be required to meet the constantly changing world around us. Finally, perseverance, the ability to hold on at all costs, will be required in a society where competition for space, food, and shelter will increase with a growing population.____________________________________.
V Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. . Part one.
1 First, plant the seeds of more delicate indoors in March or early April.
2 Next, since frost will not damage hardier seeds when they are in the ground, plant turnips, beets, peas, lettuce and most other greens as soon as the soil is workable.3 After the seedlings are established, transfer them to little pots.4 Although the growing season in the north is short, it can be extended with good planning.5 Two weeks later, plant potatoes, corn, beans, carrots, and squash seeds outdoors. 6 This system not only extends the growing season, but allows the staggering of crops for harvest. 7 At the end of May, put out the delicate hot-weather plants which have been started indoors: celery, tomatoes, eggplant, and cucumbers.
8 At the same time, the first lettuce and radishes will be ready for harvesting.
Part two
1 Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations.
2 In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. 3 Often, however, the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them. 4 In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may obsolete overnight. 5 Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.6 The young and the old seem to live in two very different words, separated by different skills and abilities.
Part three:1) Clearly, in agriculture and in industry, the progress of a country depends on the busy hands of its working people.2) Manual labor is one of the principle development resources in any industralising country, as the following examples demonstrate. 3) And of course the manufacture as well as the maintenance of machines of all kinds needs a large number of trained mechanics and technicians.4) To begin with, ploughing fields, planting and harvesting crops, and raising livestock are important to development and require people who work with their hands.5) Secondly, mining natural resources , building roads and constructing dams for irrigation and electrical power are also important to development and also require people who know how to use their hands skillfully. 6) Finally, the establishment of efficient transportation and communication systems, essential services in a modernizing economy, relies heavily on a labor force of expert craftsmen who take pride in their manual skills.
VI Read the following paragraphs and cross out the irrelevant sentences.Part one: 1) Most people living in cities do some form of physical exercise to keep fit.
2.During the early hours of the morning, in the parks in Chinese cities and along the Waterfront in shanghai, thousands of people keep their bodies firm and supple with taijiquan or shadow boxing.
3) Taijiquan is an exercise that involves a series of slow, ballet-like movements.4) Many senior citizens also do
sword dancing, which is much like taijiquan and is done with a stick in each hand. 5) But some old men like to sit by the river and watch people boating or fishing. 6) These traditional exercises are actively supported by the government , which views physical exercise as a means of keeping the public healthy. 7) University students usually play football on the sports ground in the afternoon. 8)That is the time when the traffic is not busy. 9) In China, physical-fitness exercises have become almost a national routine. 10) My sister joined the fitness club last month. Part two: 1) For hundreds of years, man has made use of the talents of monkeys. 2) Egypyian paintings of 2000 B.C. show baboons gathering fruit for their masters. 3) Even in 1879, in Abyssina, monkeys were still used as torchbearers at feasts . 4) The monkeys would sit in a row on a bench and hold the lights until the guests went home. 5) Then the monkeys would eat. 6) Most of the world’s zoo contain a variety of monkeys for people to watch. .Part three: 1) Pearls are gathered by men known as pearl divers. 2) Actually, these men do not dive. 3) They are lowered by a rope to the bottom of the sea. 4) But sky-divers jump from the planes. 5) Many tourists to Japan enjoy shopping for cultured pearls. 6) Pearl gatherers work in pairs, with one remaining at the surface to help the other return from the dive. 7) An experienced pearl diver can stay down about a minute and a half and can often make as thirty dives in one day.
VII Read the following paragraphs carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that following each paragraph. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space .1 Topic sentence_______________-In the past, teachers made children sit still for hours. They made them memorise all sorts of things. In other words, the children had to go on repeating things until they knew them “by heart”. Today, many teachers wonder if it is possible to make children learn at all. They say you can only help them learn. They say you must let children learn and discover things for themselves.”A. Educating a child is by no means an easy job. B A teacher’s job is to make children learn. C. Education for children is to be emphasized. D Children’s education is changing very rapidly.2 Topic sentence _________.To the tourists ,it is a city of hurrying crowds, horn-blowing traffic jams, dirty streets and smelly subways ----- all in sharp contrast to such international symbols as Wall Street and the United Nations Building. But to most local inhabitants and commuters, it is simply an enormous and busy working field associated with business activities and goods manufacturing----- a place to leave as soon as possible in the evening for the more peaceful atmosphere of the suburban areas. Meanwhile , New York remains to be the most populous, flourishing and the prosperous metropolitan city in the Western Hemisphere.A. New York is one of the largest cities in the world.B. New York is , in the tourist’s mind , metropolitan city full of charm and excitement.C New York is, depending on one’s point of view, any one of the two cities.D New York is to most local inhabitants, a business and financial center.
3 Topic sentence ______________.
It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanisation has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more.
For example, many jobs will have been”automated. ”That is , machines will be doing many jobs that people do today. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their life times. They will have to learn several . Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are forty.This problem will have grown in 100 years’ time. A. Life today has certainly become betterB. Life will certainly have become far more mechanized.C Life in the past was far more difficult. D Life on earth is more automated than that on other planets.
VIII writing
a. Write a short paragraph (with at least four sentences) that ends with either of the topic sentences
1) These example show how harmful smoking is to health.
2) No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 3) Hast makes waste.
4) Clearly, skill in exposition writing is crucial to successful achievement in most university subjects.( From P67 of textbook.) b. Write a passage with the following titles and /or key words.
1 Title :The other Side of City Life
Key words or expressions: attractive, the other side of the picture, pollution, housing problem, high pressure, flood of people, high crime rate, cope with.
2 Title: Changes in People’s Diet In China.(you can refer to the table on page 262 of your textbook.)
c.
Practical Writing
1 Write a note of invitation according to the situation described. Your daughter won the second place in the National Games for swimming .You want to invite your friend to come to your house for a celebration. Make sure to include at least the following points: purpose, time, date, place. (70-100 words) Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
2 Write a note of about 60 words based on the following situation: Before you leave university you want to sell your bike . Write a note describing the condition of your bike , how much you would like for it, and where you can be contacted. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
3 Write a note of about 60 words based on the following situation.You have learned that that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note expressing tour concern, asking after his health and giving your best wishes.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
4 Write a note of about 60 words based on the following situation.
You’d promised to go to Mary’s birthday party, but now realize that you are not able to go there . Write a note explaining why and offering an apology.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
5 Write a note of about 60 words based on the following situation.
You have got to know that your friend, John, has recently bought a very interesting book. Write a note to him asking him to lend you the book and telling him how long you want to keep it. d. The whole Composition Write a composition of about 200 words on each of the following topics: In the first paragraph, state clearly your viewpoint. In the second part , support your viewpoint with details or examples. In the last part , bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy..1 Telephones have now entered more and more families. Some people think that people in the future will give up letter-writing in favor of telephone conversations. You either agree or disagree with these people.Telephones Will (Not) Replace Letter-Writing.
You are to write three paragraphs.
2 Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy..3 You are invited to write to new come comers on how to improve oral English.
On How to Improve Your Oral English
4 The composition on the topic “My opinion on competition “.(refer to answer for reference)5 Private Schools Should Or Should Not Be Encouraged6 Why Some Students Make Greater Progress Than others.7 Effects of Selfishness
e. Choose a topic from the following and Write an illustration paper. 1) Youth of the 2000s
2) Qualifications for a good Teacher or student 3) My Requirements for a friend
4) Different Attitudes Toward Work, Life, Death, or Illness 5)Traveling by Train and by Plane 6) Good aspects of Mercy killing
f Write a summary for the following.(use general words ; omit details; follow the original order)1 She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Times and Newsweek, and textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the
winter vacation.
Answers for Reference I Revise……
提示:此题主要考查应试生是否掌握英语句子的基本结构,句子种类的基本概念. 句子种类(Types of Sentences ):
A (The periodic Sentence)掉尾句 即中心意思出现在句尾的句子.这种句子结构比中心意思出现在句首,修饰语出现在句尾的结构( loose sentence )效果更好.修饰语可以是词组(如介词词组/分词词组等),状语从句,,也可以是不定式等.
B 长短句( The short and long sentences )
1. 短句显得简练,有力量.但句子太短也会影响写作上的流畅性,解决的办法是利用连词(并列连词/从属连词),将短
句连接在一起.
2. 长句可以将比较复杂的逻辑思维表达得更加清楚. C 四种句子结构,它们是:
1) (The simple sentence )简单句
2) (The compound sentence)并列句(注意并列连词的用法)
3) (The complex sentence)复合句(注意从属连词的用法)
4) (The compound-complex sentence)并列复合句(注意并列连词和从属连词一起使用 ) 1 As soon as the plane lifted off the runway, it began to shake noticeably. 2 When Tom heard a knock at the door, Tom went to open it.
3 We must plan our budget carefully for the price of food has risen recently. 4 The exam was postponed. The class was cancelled as well. 5 One of his favorite poets is John Milton.
6 Montesquieu popularized the English system of checks and balances among the branches of government, and this ideal was adopted as a model by the writers of the American constitution. 7 When John was not chosen for ….,he felt that…..
8 To make her living, Emily offered some kids China-painting lessons. 9 The large gray building is on the corner.
10 The man who has gray hair and sad eyes does not live here any more.
(Answers to 11-13 are omitted.) II Improve……
提示:此题要求应试生掌握各种句子的结构,识别并能修改常见的错误结构,利用所学的写作基础知识和技巧,将结构单一,层次纷乱的句子,通过不同手段改写成层次分明,结构灵活多样的句子.
常见结构错误
1． （run-on sentences）串句. 误将两个串在一起的句子当成一个句子,有的用逗号隔开,有的 什么标点符号都没有使
用。修改串句有三种方法：1）。将其分成两个句子。 2）。用连词连接两个句子，连词之前加逗号 3）。用分号连接两个句子 2．（Fragmentary sentences） 破句/片句
破句是串句的另一个极端，即把句子的一部分当成一个句子，每一种破句都可以用多种方法来修改。常见的破句有：
1） 从属连词引起的破句
2） ing分词和不定式引起的破句
3） 增加细节引起的破句，如本大题的第1小题 4） 缺少主语的破句
3． Faulty parallelism错误平行结构
平行结构是把两个或两个以上的意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来，如果意思并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏俩平行结构。平行结构是一 种有效的表达思想手段，它使句子整齐，对称，流畅，使语意贯通，富有节奏感。平行结构可以是单词，词组，从句，或句子。 4 。Misplaced modifiers修饰语 错置
修饰语可以是单词，词组，从句。修饰语若离被修饰的词太远，就很容易引误解。因此修饰语和被修饰的词要尽量靠近。如第2题
4． Dangling modifers垂悬修饰语
即修饰语在句子中找不到逻辑语的修饰对象，这是中国学生经常犯的一种语法错误。常见的垂悬修饰语有以下五种：1、垂悬分词 2、垂悬动名词 3、垂悬不定式
4、垂悬介词（如30 题）