A. damage all the computers B. test their good ability
C. play tricks on operators of computers D. tell the world that they are intelligent 2. According to the passage, computer viruses seem to ___________.
A. have been in nature for years B. be difficult to get rid of at present C. exist in any computer D. be able to got rid of in the near future 3. The most serious damage caused by computer viruses is that ____________. A. the computer‘s function are lowered B. the normal program are damaged
C. the computer infected by viruses can no longer be used D. all the information stored in the computer is gone 4. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. Scientists have found a way to get rid of the viruses.
B. The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human‘s health.
C. The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time. D. Last year, four countries found their computers were infected by viruses. 5. When a computer is infected by viruses, it will _________. A. not work normally B. be of no use at all
C. stop working D. not work properly for some time Passage 2 D B D D A
Passage 3
Darwin‘s great work, The Origin of Species, is now generally accepted as one of the most
important books that have ever been written. But when it first came out in 1859, it was both laughed at and bitterly criticized by scientists and other people.
Much of the criticism to The Origin of Species came from Darwin‘s claim that all animals, including man, are somehow related. Many people were annoyed by the suggestion that man shared a common ancestor with animals like apes and monkeys. They criticized Darwin for saying that man has come from the apes.
But Darwin never in fact said this. He believed that modern men and modern apes have both come from the same ancestor. But at some time millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since have continued to take on different characteristics, Today, more than 90 years after Darwin‘s death, this is the opinion which scientists continue to hold.
Fossil remains found after his death show that Darwin was right. Perhaps the most amazing fact about his theory is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only a few fossil discoveries.
Fossil remains were not the only information which we now have but which Darwin lacked. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men; nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modern technology which helps scientists to tell the age of fossil remains and the speed at which evolution has taken place.
Lacking all this information, Darwin had to depend on other branches of science. He observed that all vertebrates (脊椎动物) have forelimbs which are basically the same. The limbs may be used for swimming, flying, or walking, but they all are built in the same way. They contain one bone in the upper arm, two bones in the forearm, several bones in the wrist, and five bones in the hand.
Darwin was surprised at the similarity between such widely different species. From this fact, he drew the correct conclusion that different species share the same characteristics because they come from the same ancestors. Then, later, they took on the separate characteristics which helped them most in the struggle to survive in their local environment. 1. When Darwin‘s work The Origin of Species first came out in 1859, _________. A. it made him world famous at once
B. it was generally considered one of the most important works ever written
C. it was considered as something unusual D. it made people criticize him
2. According to Darwin‘s theory ___________.
A. men and animals like monkeys and apes came from the same ancestor B. men, apes and monkeys share nothing in common C. men came from apes and monkeys D. men came from species under water
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Men and apes have same diseases and the same kind of blood.
B. Men and apes take on different characteristics because they have been developing separately.
C. All living things, including men, were created by God.
D. All vertebrates have forelimbs which are basically the same. 4. Darwin worked out his theory __________.
A. by careful observation of different species B. by his imagination
C. by his careful study of the Bible D. by his wide knowledge 10. Form the text we can find that__________.
A. Darwin‘s ideas were not understood and accepted by people of his time B. fossil discoveries have proved that Darwin was right
C. Darwin is now regarded as one of the most important scientists in human history D. Darwin is not regarded as an outstanding scientist in human history Passage 3 D A C A C
Passage 4
The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because
shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existed when the shopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, for instance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or what sort of washing-powder Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but also a social meeting place.
A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so there were very few problems in management as far as the staff were concerned. But now that the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job of the manager has changed completely. The modern supermarket manager has to cope with a staff of as many as a hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.
Every morning the manager must, like the commander of an army division, carry out an inspection of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business of the day. He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems arise; and he must know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities.
Now matter what he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manger must be ready for any emergency that may arise. They say in the trade that you are not really an experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt with a flood, a fire, a birth and a death in your store. 1. The main purpose of the passage is to show how ___________. A. the old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing B. the supermarket has replaced the old general store
C. the role of the shop manager has undergone an overall change D. a supermarket manager deals with problems every morning
2. According to the author, it is a pity that there are fewer old general stores now because _________. A. there is less trading business
B. there used to be more social activities in the old days
C. the supermarket manager has more problems than before
D. there is less personal contact between manager and customer 3. In what way has the job of the store manager changed? A. He doesn‘t sell tea and washing-powder any more.
B. He has a much larger staff to take care of, to say nothing of all the other daily problems of running the store.
C. He must try hard to remember the names of regular customers. D. He has to give advice and make decisions when problems arise.
4. Who are Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Jones mentioned in the first paragraph? A. They are friends of the store manager‘s. B. They are shop assistants.
C. They are both regular customers of the store.
D. They represent any of the regular customers of the old general store.
5. By the last sentence of the passage, the author seems to point out ____________. A. as a supermarket manager, you should deal with a flood, a fire, etc. in your store
B. to a supermarket manager, such accidents as flood, fire, etc. are common occurrences in his store
C. an experienced supermarket manager must have dealt with emergencies of one kind or another
D. an experienced supermarket manager will surely meet with a flood, or a fire in his life time
Passage 4 C D B D C
Passage 5
Advertising can be thought of ―as the means of making known in order to buy or sell
goods or services‖. Advertising aims to increase people‘s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheap method. Magazines are used to reach special sections of the market. The cinema and commercial radio are useful for local markets. Television, although more expensive, can be very effective. Posters are fairly cheap and more permanent in their power of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as well as direct mail advertising.
There can be no doubt that the growth in advertising is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those handling frozen foods, liquor，tobacco and patent medicines have been built up largely by advertising.
We might ask whether the cost of advertising is paid for by the manufacturer or by the customer. Since advertising forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertising. However, if large scale advertising leads to increased demand, production costs are reduced, and the customer pays less.
It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertising on sales. When the market is growing, advertising helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertising may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertising if they were not convinced of its value to them.
1. Advertising is often used to ___________.
A. deceive customers B. increase production C. arouse suspicion D. push the sale
2. The word ?media‘ (1st paragraph) refers to __________. A. the press B. television
C. radio D. all of the above 3. Advertising is in the main paid for by __________. A. the customer B. the manufacturer
C. increased sales D. reduced prices
4. The author says that advertising can increase demand __________. A. all the time B. in any circumstances C. in a growing market D. in a shrinking market
5. What the last sentence of this piece actually tells us is that __________. A. businesses usually do not pay much for advertising
B. businessmen know well that advertising could bring them more profits C. advertising could hardly convince people of the value of the goods D. advertising usually cost businesses large amounts of money Passage 5 D D A C B
Passage 6
However urban life strikes you, cities worldwide have been growing ever more rapidly.
Some of this growth has occurred in the developed world, but the most dramatic increase has been in the Third World. Almost all the world‘s population growth over the next 30 years will take place in the cities of developing countries. By the year 2030, for the first time in history, 60 percent of the world‘s people will be living in cities. This is actually good news in some ways. ―Cities are the fundamental building blocks of prosperity,‖ says Marc Weiss, chairman of the Prague Institute for Global Urban Development, ―both for the nation and for families.‖ Industrial and commercial activities in urban areas account for between 50 and 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) in most countries of the world ?there‘s the crazy notion that the way to deal with a city‘s problems is to keep people out of them,‖ Weiss continued. ―But the problems of the rural life are even more serious than those of the city.‖ For better or worse, urban-watchers are clear on one point: The quality of life for most people in the future will be determined by the quality of cities.?
Those cities will be bigger than ever. And yet, population numbers by themselves don‘t determine a city‘s prospects; after all, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Hamburg, Germany, have the same population. Nor is explosive growth necessarily the determining factor. ―City problems,‖ one authority points out, ―mostly have to do with weak, ineffective, and usually unrepresentative city governments.‖? 1. What is the passage mainly about??
A. Big cities. B. City life. ?C. Population.? D. Gross Domestic Product.? 2. What will happen in the year of 2030?
A. There will be 21 cities having a population of more than 10 million.? B. Rural area will be extinct.? C. Most people will live in cities.?
D. The third world will keep abreast with the developed world.? 3. The author most likely agrees that____.? A. better city, better life?
B. both urban and rural areas have their advantages? C. the larger population, the faster a city develops D. both urban and rural areas have their problems
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?? A. The developing countries develop faster than the developed countries.? B. Cities contribute more to the GDP than the villagers.
C. Some problems are more easily solved in cities than in country.?
D. It‘s impossible to solve urban problems by getting people out of cities. 5. What is implied in the last paragraph?? A. Public services are ineffective.? B. Cities are increasing too fast.?
C. Population is not linked with development.?
D. Government should be responsible for the problems in the cities.?
Passage 6 A C A A D
Passage 7
The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and
will make critical decisions. Engineering skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to ―see‖, robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses of electronic digital cameras containing many rows of lights sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a gray-scale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255.The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but only after years of development.? Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of articulated metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.?
These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to prospect for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants, firefighters, house-keepers, and security personnel. The robot business will continue to grow also. Financial analysts believe this business will soar from a $ 100 million-industry at the start of the 1980s to a $ 5-billion industry by the early 1990s. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robots.? 1. Why is it so important for robots to be able to ―see‖? A. So they can criticize human factory personnel.? B. So they can make critical decisions.
C. So they can work better for human beings.? D. Because they have a strong desire.?
2. What kinds of tasks are robots most suitable for?
A. Boring, repetitive, and dangerous tasks.? B. Difficult tasks.? C. Heavy tasks.? D. Strenuous tasks.? 3. Why will those people interested in industry have to know about robots?? A. Because robot-business will grow rapidly. B. Because robots will be very useful.?
C. Because robots will become very prevalent in industry.? D. For they can make a lot of money.?
4. What is the meaning of ―defective‖ in the second paragraph??
A. Having a noticeable or desire effect. B. Unquestionable and undoubted.? C. Imperfect, having serious errors.? D. Not enough in quantity.? 5. What is the best title for this passage??
A. Future Robots Will Have Plenty of Work to Do. B. Future Robots Will See, Touch, and Think.? C. Engineers Care Designing New Types of Robots.
D. Future Robots Will Have Visions as Good Human Vision.? Passage 7 B A C C B
Passage 8
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and