15. John removed his overcoat. A) took away B) left aside C) took off D) washed off
第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Water-the Issue of This Century
The world is running short of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier（渴的）, with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce （缺乏）. Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century, while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population, concentrated in Africa, the Middle East and south Asia, will face 'severe water shortages' by 2025. Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some regions.
A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025, putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries （渔业） are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs （珊瑚礁） may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says.
The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
Fresh water consumption is rising quickly, and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
A third of the world's population - around two billion people - live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages. That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions （制度） change to ensure better conservation and allocation of water. China is one country where the portents （征兆） are gloomy. The most water-stressed country in East Asia, China is exploiting 44% of its usable water, a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2020. Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although China's total use appears still to be reasonable, it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and will exceed them in India by 2020. In the Middle East and North Africa, only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层） - bodies of water-bearing rock - the report says.
16 It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
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17 Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years. A Right B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Most of the world's population may live within 100km of the sea in 2025. A Right B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The World Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. A Right B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 India exceeds environmental limits for water use. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每
个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Hurricane
1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral (螺旋) around a relative calm center known as the “eye”. The “eye” is generally 20to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds, and storm surges (风暴潮). The storm surges and heavy rains can lead to flooding.
2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean weat of the International Date Line are called typhoons. Near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical eyelones (龙卷风).
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3. When a hurricane hits land, it can so great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland (内陆的) flooding, and huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses, and public buildings may be damaged or destroyed: roads and bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people and destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives and not be able to get to a safe harbor if they so not receive early warning.
4. If a hurricane is coming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm and find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane and go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket and be sure to keep away from windows and glass doors, because if the glass breaks it?s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is a lull (暂停) : it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.
23. Paragraph 1 __________ 24. Paragraph 2 __________ 25. Paragraph 3 __________ 26. Paragraph 4 __________
A．What should you do during a hurricane? B．What are different names of hurricanes? C．What is a hurricane? D．What damages can a hurricane cause? E．How do you know a hurricane is coming? F．Where do hurricanes usually happen?
27. Depending on where they occur，hurricanes have __________．
28. A powerful hurricane may become the most destructive __________．
29. When a hurricane arrives， fishermen are in great danger if they are at sea and do not get __________． 30. During a hurricane one should stay away from __________． A．inland flooding B．natural disaster C．early warning D．windows and glass doors E．a constant speed F．different labels
第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Making Light of1 Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.
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Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI7. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.
But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night. 练习：
31. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because A it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleep. B it has a cycle of 24 hours.
C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm. D it can alarm any time during 24 hours. 32. What is implied in the second paragraph?
A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.
B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock. C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.
D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen. 33. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that
A it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.
B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn. C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud. D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.
34. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.
B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.
C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. D Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.
35. According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?
A The human eye had two light-sensing systems. B The human eye had one light-sensing system.
C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night. D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.
第二篇 Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software?
If US software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.
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Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That's largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US - but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.
Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.
Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let's hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
36 Which country has more highest-rating software companies in the world? A Germany. B The US. C Brazil. D India.
37 Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true? A He is now still an IBM employee. B He has worked for IBM for 37 years.
C The US payed much attention to his quality advice. D India honors him highly.
38 Why could Japan seize its large market share of software products by the 1970s and the 1980s? A Because its products were cheaper and better. B Because its advertising was successful.
C Because the US hardware industry was lagging behind. D Because it hired a lot of Indian software specialists.
39 The founding of Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolized A the Indian determination to move ahead with its software. B the American ambition to take the lead in software.
C the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem. D the Chinese policy on imparting software.
40 What is the writer worrying about?
A Many US software specialists are working for Japan. B The software quality has become a worldwide problem.
C The US will no longer be the leading software player in the world. D India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.
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