第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year. In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
The scientists who did the study work for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. They report that lakes seem to be warming faster in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. In the United States, lakes in the southwestern part of the country warmed faster than did the Great Lakes in the north.
The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.
The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.
Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.
That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
16. Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21 Global warming is less threatening to small countries. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. UNFCCC?s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
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第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
How to Argue with Your Boss
Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss’s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss’s secretary, they are keys to timing: don’t approach the boss when he?s on deadline; don?t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don?t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation. If you’re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don’t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you.
Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.
Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can’t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can’t get past the secretary.
To deal effectively with a boss, it’s important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals.
23. Paragraph 2____ 24. Paragraph 3____ 25. Paragraph 4____ 26. Paragraph 5____
A Keep your voice low all the time B Put yourself in the boss’s position C Propose your solution
D Don’t go in when you are angry E Make the issue clear
F Never give in
27. If you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first ______. 28. It is necessary to make clear to the boss _____. 29. It is not wise to present the boss with a problem _____. 30. You must be considerate and think of the troubles _____. A to give the boss your advice B how he is feeling C the boss may have
D what you really want to talk to him about E without suggesting a way to solve it
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F how unhappy you are
第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Weaving with Light
In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico1, the native Huichol people2 live much the way their ancestors did—without electricity. That's because it's too expensive to string power lines3 to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricity—at home or on the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they're doing。
Now, a team of scientists, designers, and architects is using4 new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists' technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, or other items。
By collecting the sun's energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics \lives of people without electricity .around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy.
\in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn't have a lot of money.\
At the core of5 Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes, or HB LEDs6. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights。
LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2, 200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see。
Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat — and invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken。
LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is produced。 31. The Huichol don?t use electricity because A. it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyles.
B. they know nothing about it.
C. it costs too much to string power lines. D. they don?t need it. 32. To make a living, the Huichol create artwork and
A. sell it in cities far away from their villages. B. sell it to tourists in their villages. C. display it in their village museums. D. keep it in their homes to attract tourists.
33. The central part of the Portable Lights technology is A. glass bulbs.
B. HB LEDs.
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C. digital clocks.
D. incandescent lights.
34. All of the following are disadvantages of incandescent lights EXCEPT that
A. they burn out quickly. B. they are easily broken. C. they are not bright enough.
D. they waste most of the energy produced. A. LEDs can send out light of different colors.
35. LEDs are different from light bulbs in that B. LEDs are made up of tiny pieces of rock.
C. LEDs belong to incandescent lights. D. LEDs look like crystals.
第二篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers
A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan1 has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.
The car’s sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a driver’s sweat for traces of alcohol.An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit.The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver
and passenger seats，while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver’s palm. Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example，Sweden’s Volvo2 has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.
Nissan’s new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes.It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest3.
The car technology is still in development，but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. “For example，if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver，the facial recognition system would still be used,” Doi says.Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system，but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The car’s seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected，while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However，Doi admits that some of the technology，such as the alcohol odor sensor，should be improved.“If you drink one beer，it’s going to register，so we need to study what’s the appropriate level for the system to activate,” he says.
In the UK4,some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.
36. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept care A It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk. B It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car. C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system. D It has a breathalyzer-like detection system.
37. What has Volvo developed?
A The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph. B A breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt.
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C A smart car seat belt. D An intelligent engine.
38. What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4? A It monitors the driver’s eyes to see if he needs a rest. B It judges if the driver wants to pull over. C It judges if the driver wants to take a rest. D It issues an alarm when the driver speaks.
39. According to Doi,
A the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved. B Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system.
C it is impossible to improve the overall effectiveness of the detection system. D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6? A An external camera checks that the car is going properly. B The car will automatically keep to its lane.
C The seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy. D The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved.
第三篇 Graphene's Superstrength
Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year, which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside. Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components, and they've turned their eyes to graphene, a superthin2 material, made of carbon, that could change the future of electronics.
This year's Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from the University of Manchester4 , UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isn't just small, it's “the thinnest possible material in this world, ” says Novoselov. He calls it a “wonder material. ” It's so thin that you would need to stack about 25, 000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5, you'd have no idea because you wouldn't be able to see it.
Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon, but only one atom thick. You don't have to look far to find graphene — it's all around you.
If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6, all you need is a pencil, paper and a little adhesive tape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive tape over the area7. When you pull up the tape, you'll see that it pulls up a thin layer of some of the shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite, one of the softest minerals in the world.
Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up — there should be an even thinner layer, this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over, until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick, and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene, so when you get to the thinnest possible layer, you've found graphene. 练习：
41. What would change the future of electronics according to engineers? A Big technology. B Creative ways. C Graphene.
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