to do it tomorrow?
虚拟语气
动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。因此,掌握虚拟语气所使用的各种谓语动词形式变化是掌握虚拟语气的关键。
虚拟语气的基本形式共有七种:
1) 1) 动词原形,用于一切人称和数。如:
If that be so, we shall take action at once. 如果情况是那样,我们就立刻采取行动。 May you succeed! 祝您成功!
2) 2) 动词的过去式,用于一切人称和数,be的过去式用were,如:
If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the terms. 假若我处在你的地位,我就会接受这些条件。
3) 3) had+过去分词,用于一切人称和数。如:
If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train. 4) 4) 助动词should+动词原形,用于一切人称和数。如:
They suggested that we should meet at the station.他们建议我们在车站会面。 5) 5) 助动词should + have+过去分词,用于一切人称和数。
It is strange that she should have done it.
6) 6) 助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+ 动词原形。如:
If I were you, I should take his advice.我如是你,就会听他的忠告。(美国英语常用would代替should)。
7) 7) 助动词should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称)+ have + 过去分词。如:
If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t have come.
虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法:
所指时间为现在时,从句用一般过去时(be用were),主句用should/would be 型;所指时间为过去时,从句用had been 型,主句用should/would have been 型;所指时间为将来时,从句用should be 或were型,主句用should/would be 型,例如:
If he had time, he would/could/might go with you. (对现在情况的虚拟)如果他有时间,他就会/能和你去。
If I had had the money last year, I should/would/could/might have bought a house. (对过去情况的虚拟)如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就会/可能买一所房子了。
If there should be/were/were to be something wrong, they would/could/might let you know at once. (对将来情况的虚拟)如果出了什么事,他们会/可能马上告诉你。
如果条件从句中有were, had 或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装,如:Were I you (=If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你,我就不做这事。Were I to meet him tomorrow (=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他,我会问他这件事的。Had he been more careful(=If he had been more careful),such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他细心一些,这种错误本来是可以避免的。
在主语从句中的用法
虚拟语气常用在以It is/was 开头的复合句的主语从句中,表示命令、要求、建议等,谓语动词为should be型或be型虚拟形式,在美国英语中常用be型,如:It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。
常用于主句中的形容词和过去分词有:advisable, appropriate, best, better, compulsory, crucial, desirable, fitting, imperative, important, obligatory, preferable, proper, decided, ordered, recommended, requested, required等。
在宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法主要有三种情况:
1. 1. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中,表示命令、要求、建议,形式为should be 型或be型,在美国英语中常用be型,如:
He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他坚持要他女儿来。
He ordered that the letter (should) be mailed at once. 他吩咐马上把这封信寄出。 常用于主句的谓语动词有:ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等。
2. 2. 在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语的宾语从句中,表示要求、建议等。
I think it advisable that be (should) have his car serviced. 我觉得他请人检修一下汽车是明智的。
We consider it imperative that a meeting(should) be held immediately. 我们认为必须马上开个会。
3. 3. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中:表示与现在或过去的事实相反、或对于将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。 1) 2)
1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟:用were型虚拟形式,如:I wish I knew his address. 2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:通常用had been 型虚拟形式,如:I wish/wished I hadn’t
spent so much money. 3)
3) 表示对于将来的主观愿望:谓语形式为would+不带to的不定式。I wish it would
stop raining.但愿雨能停下来。 有不少情态动词也可用于虚拟语气。
It might help a little if only you would keep clean. If my parents couldn’t accept him, I would elope with him.