摘要
本文介绍了汽车转向节设计制造的整个过程,其中机械工艺规程部分详细说明零件工艺分析,基准选择,工艺路线制定,加工经济度和加工方法的经济选择,加工阶段上述分析,毛坯的制造,拟定工艺路线,确定切削余量,毛坯决定的加工尺寸大小;机床夹具设计,机床夹具包括一些主要的夹具组成,夹具的类型,夹具的功能,工件在夹具上的位置,工件夹的夹紧,拉主销孔夹具设计,刀具设计部分包括的主要刀具,拉刀的设计特点,种类,拉削销孔的主要刀具的设计。
有效的利用高效组合机床,不仅要效率,而且要确保该定位精度的要求,重点放在加工过程和减少定位误差,加工效率高。组合夹具,专有夹具,操作简便,缩短了辅助实践。合理有序的工序不足,以减少工件量,节约资源。
拉削主销孔夹具采用摇板与支撑组成的自我定位的支撑,让拉刀在这个拉削过程中的切割保持和主销孔的同轴度。机构简单,易于操作,并确保准确和精度,拉削过程中就用一次行程可以完成拉削过程,提高加工效率。
拉刀的设计采用了组合式来源空拉刀设计方法,拉刀的特点分析,类型,材料和其他问题,根据加工余量,大小,工件材料的设计需要的刀具。拉刀这种工具,具有高效率,高精密加工的特点,在机械加工中被广泛的加工应用。
关键词 转向节 加工工艺 工艺路线 切削余量 机床夹具 夹具 拉刀
Abstarac
This paper describes the car section of the manufacturing process to design the whole process of which machinery of the order of the detailed description of the parts analysis, the benchmark choice of route development, precision machining and processing methods of economic choice, the processing stage of the Analysis rough the manufacture, preparation of the road, determined cutting cushion and processing determine the size and rough; machine fixture of the function, the workpiece in the fixture on the location, folder Tight, pull the main pin hole fixture design, including the man tool of the design characteristics of Broach, Broach type, pin hole Broaching the main tool used by design.
Efficient use of processing combination of machine tools, not only efficient, but also to ensure that the location accuracy requirements focus on processes and reduce the positioning error processing efficiency. A combination of fixture, proprietary fixture, easy to operate, shortened the time to support. Reasonable and orderly process for steps to reduce the workload, saving resources.
Broaching the main pin hole fixture with a shake-sales support of the self-targeted support to broach in Rafah in the process of cutting its own maintain and broach the main line of the pin hole. Bodies simple, easy to operate, and ensure the accuracy of processing Broaching process can be completed in one trip Broaching process, the processing efficiency.
Broach the design using a modular design methods hole Broach, Broach analysis of the characteristics, types, materials and other issues, according to the cutting csshion, size, the workpiece materials designed for tool. Rafah processing tool has high efficiency, high-precision machining characteristics, it was widely machining applications.
Keyword: Knuckle, technological manufacturing design, the line of the manufacture, fixture, broach
摘要 ................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTARAC ................................................................................................... 3 第1章 绪言 ................................................................................................. 6
一 制定工艺路线 ........................................................................................................... 6 二 夹具设计 ................................................................................................................... 6 三 专用刀具设计 ........................................................................................................... 6
第2章 零件分析 ........................................................................................... 8
2.1 零件用途与使用环境 .............................................................................................. 8 2.2 零件结构分析与工艺分析 ...................................................................................... 8 2.3计算生产纲领,确定生产类项 ............................................................................. 11
第3章 转向节机械加工工艺规程.............................................................12
3.1 制定毛坯 ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2基准的选择 ............................................................................................................. 12 3.3 工艺路线的制定 .................................................................................................. 13
3.3.1 定位基准的选择 ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.2 加工经济精度与加工方法的选择 ..................................................................................................... 15 3.3.3 加工阶段的划分 ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3.4 拟定工艺路线 ................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 确定加工余量及毛坯尺寸、设计毛坯图 ............................................................ 19
3.4.1毛坯机械加工余量确定 ...................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.2设计毛坯图 .......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.5工序设计 ................................................................................................................. 21 3.5.1工序加工余量与加工尺寸 .................................................................................. 21
3.5.2重要工序的详细介绍 .......................................................................................................................... 24 工序1:铣上下耳内外端面 ........................................................................................................................ 24 工序2:钻、扩主销孔 ................................................................................................................................ 25 工序3:车轴颈台肩及端面 ........................................................................................................................ 26 工序10:钻铰锥孔 ...................................................................................................................................... 26 工序14:精磨轴颈: ..................................................................................................................................... 27 3.5.3重点工序加工精度保证措施 .............................................................................................................. 28
第4章 夹具设计 .........................................................................................30
4.1夹具概述 ................................................................................................................. 30
4.1.1机床夹具及其组成 .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.2机床夹具的分类 .................................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.3机床夹具的功用 .................................................................................................................................. 30 4.1.4工件在夹具上的定位 .......................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.5工件在夹具中的夹紧 .......................................................................................................................... 32
4.2拉主销孔夹具设计 ................................................................................................. 34
4.2.1研究加工图样 ...................................................................................................................................... 34 4.2.2拟定夹具的结构方案 .......................................................................................................................... 35
第5章 拉刀设计 .........................................................................................38
5.1分析拉刀特点与零件拉削数据 ............................................................................. 38
5.1.1 拉削的主要特点 ................................................................................................................................. 38 5.1.2拉刀的多用及各部分作用 .................................................................................................................. 38 5.1.3拉削方式 .............................................................................................................................................. 39 5.1.4转向节拉削基本数据 .......................................................................................................................... 40
5.2综合轮切式圆拉刀设计步骤: ............................................................................. 40
参考文献 .......................................................................................................53 致谢 ...............................................................................................................54 附件1 ............................................................................................................55 附件2 ............................................................................................................62
第1章 绪言
本次机械制造工艺设计的主要内容是对CA141型汽车转向节的加工工艺过程进行分析设计,使整个加工过程达到低能耗、高质量的目的。主要包括工艺路线拟定、方案比较、制作工艺卡片夹具设计、刀具设计等方面。是一次结合大学所学多门专业课知识的重要的实践设计。通过独立思考,老师指导,和同学的一些帮助,既巩固了在大学中所学的专业知识,也在实践中锻炼自身的知识运用能力,为更进一步的学习和将来的工作打下坚实的基础。 此次设计主要包括三大部分 一 制定工艺路线
根据被加工件转向节的实际结构,对所需加工的面进行仔细认真的测量,之后,对加工过程进行分析。考虑在加工过程中,遵循简、省、精的原则,减少转向节的挪动次数,以尽量减少加工误差,保证产品的装配质量,以延长产品的使用寿命。设计多套方案,通过多方面的考虑选出最佳方案,以便得到更加合理细致严密的加工工艺规程,
二 夹具设计
机床夹具是在机床上用以装夹工件的一种装置,其作用是使工件相对于机床或刀具有一个正确的位置,并在加工过程中保持这个位置不变。机床夹具通常可以分为五个大类:分别是通用夹具、专用夹具、通用可调整夹具和成组夹具。在转向节的加工过程中,由于转向节的不对称特殊结构,需要特别设计适合加工的专用夹具,使之能够精确的固定在各种加工机械上,使之尽量少的产生加工误差。 三 专用刀具设计
转向节的加工工艺,包括铣、钻、锪、磨、拉削、扩等多种加工制造方法,对于不同的加工步骤,都有相应的刀具配合使用,可以达到不同的加工精度,根据不同要求进行选择。此次选用加工主销孔的拉刀,它大体上有拉削部分和夹持部分组成,拉刀