多孔陶瓷材料的制备及吸附性能研究

本科毕业论文

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题目 : 多孔陶瓷材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

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多孔陶瓷材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

摘要

随着经济的发展，铜矿石浮选过程中产生大量固体废渣，研究铜尾矿固体废渣的综合利用方法对于我国矿物加工领域综合利用水平的提升具有一定的经济意义和环保效益。

论文以铜尾矿渣为主要原料，结合相应的粘结剂、造孔剂，通过混匀、静置、压片成型、烧结等工艺制备出多孔陶瓷材料。论文利用正交法，考察了造孔剂的用量、粘接剂用量、烧结温度、保温时间等因素对多孔陶瓷的气孔率的影响规律[1]，并采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜以及红外光谱等技术手段对产品进行了分析表征[2]。优化的多孔陶瓷制备条件为：造孔剂碳粉用量25%，粘结剂木质素磺酸钙用量7.5%，成型压力为6MPa，烧成温度为1080℃，保温时间为30min；各因素对多孔陶瓷气孔率的影响程度为：粘结剂用量>保温时间>烧结温度>造孔剂含量。论文还考察了所制备的多孔陶瓷对铜离子的吸附行为，利用单因素方法考察了吸附时间、铜离子初始浓度、溶液初始pH、液固比对多孔陶瓷的吸附容量的影响。所制备的多孔陶瓷材料对铜离子优化吸附条件为：吸附时间200min、铜离子初始浓度100mg/L、溶液初始pH=6、液固比=25，最优吸附条件下的吸附量为2.2mg/g。

关键词：多孔陶瓷材料 铜尾矿 吸附 环保

I

The preparation of porous ceramic materials and its adsorption

performance Abstract

With the development of economy, the solid waste residue produced in the process of copper ore flotation, the research method of copper tailings comprehensive utilization of solid waste residue for the promotion of comprehensive utilization of mineral processing fields of our country has a certain economic significance and environmental benefits.

Paper with copper tail slag as main raw materials, combined with the corresponding binder, pore-forming agent, through blending and let stand, pelleting forming, sintering technology of preparation of porous ceramics materials. Thesis using orthogonal method, examines the dosage of pore-forming agent, the dosage of binder, sintering temperature, holding time on the influence law of the porosity of porous ceramic , and uses the X ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum technology analyzes product characterization. Optimized preparation conditions for porous ceramics: pore-forming agent dosage of carbon powder 25%, 7.5% binder dosage of lignin sulfonic acid calcium, the molding pressure for 6 MPa, sintering temperature is 1080 ℃, holding time for 30 min. The influence degree of various factors on the porosity of porous ceramics as binder dosage > sintering temperature > holding time > pore-forming agent content. Paper also examines the preparation of porous ceramics on the adsorption behavior of copper ions, using the single factor method to investigate the adsorption time, initial concentration of cupric ions, initial solution pH, the liquid-solid ratio on the adsorption capacity of porous ceramics. The preparation of porous ceramic materials for copper ion adsorption conditions for optimization: 200 min adsorption time, initial concentration of copper ion 100 mg/L, the solution of the initial pH = 6, liquid-solid ratio = 25, the optimal

II

adsorption under the condition of adsorption capacity of 2.2 mg/g.

Keywords: porous ceramic material copper slag adsorption environmental protection

III

多孔陶瓷材料的制备及其吸附性能的研究

目录

摘要 .............................................................................................................................................I Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 铜尾矿简介 ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 铜尾矿的概况 ................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 铜尾矿渣的危害 ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.3 铜尾矿渣利用现状 ......................................................................................... 2 1.2 多孔陶瓷材料概况 ................................................................................................ 2

1.2.1 多孔陶瓷材料简介 ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 多孔陶瓷材料的分类 ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法 ............................................................................. 3 1.2.4 多孔陶瓷材料的应用 ..................................................................................... 7 1.2.5 多孔陶瓷材料目前存在的问题 ..................................................................... 8 1.2.6 多孔陶瓷材料的发展前景 ............................................................................. 9 1.3 本重金属废水处理 ................................................................................................ 9

1.3.1 重金属废水的危害 ......................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 重金属废水的处理现状及问题 ................................................................... 10 1.4 本论文研究意义及研究内容 .............................................................................. 12 第二章 实验内容与研究方法 ............................................................................................. 14

2.1 实验原料、试剂与仪器 ...................................................................................... 14

2.1.1 主要原料 ....................................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 实验试剂 ....................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 实验仪器 ....................................................................................................... 15 2.2 主要分析方法 ...................................................................................................... 15

2.2.1 铜的吸附分析方法 ....................................................................................... 15 2.3 试验方法 .............................................................................................................. 17

2.3.1 铜尾矿渣多孔陶瓷材料制备 ....................................................................... 17 2.3.2 铜矿渣多孔陶瓷材料性能表征 ................................................................... 17 2.4 实验方案 .............................................................................................................. 20

2.4.1 多孔陶瓷制作工艺实验方案 ....................................................................... 20 2.4.2 多孔陶瓷吸附重金属离子铜离子的实验方案 ........................................... 20

第三章 多孔陶瓷制备分析及吸附试验 ............................................................................. 22

3.1 原料分析 .............................................................................................................. 22

IV