沈阳农业大学 学生实验报告册
2011 2012姓 名：学 号：年级专业：课程名称：任课教师：成 绩：
学年第1学期
刘秋洋
11级信息与计算科学一班 信息基础实验1 惠淑荣
怎样做数学实验及写实验报告
做数学实验主要是培养学生发现问题和用计算机做实验去解决问题的意识和能力。一般情况下，有如下5个过程：
1． 提出要研究的数学问题或其它实际问题；
2． 设计一定的实验方式对所提问题进行观察和分析（最好借助数学软件编程来做此事）； 3． 发现问题的规律性；
4． 根据实验结果提出自己的猜想或见解； 5． 总结实验过程，写出实验报告。
做了数学实验后，写数学实验报告的形式主要包含如下6项内容：（1）实验项目名称；（2） 实验目的；（3）实验原理；(4)实验所用主要仪器；（5）实验内容；（6）实验步骤与结果；（7）讨论。其中写实验名称时只要写出对要实验问题取的名称即可，例如要进行曲线拟合的最小二乘法方面的数学实验，可以将该实验的名称写为：曲线拟合的最小二乘法。写实验目的时只要写出要通过实验达到的目的即可，例如进行曲线拟合的最小二乘法数学实验是理解曲线拟合概念和原理，以及曲线拟合与拟合基函数类有关的结论，可以将该实验的目的写为：理解曲线拟合概念和原理、拟合基函数类。实验原理是实验涉及的数学概念、数学模型（如与实验有关的数学公式及算法等），写此项内容时, 只要列举出与要进行的数学实验有关的数学概念、数学公式及算法等即可。写实验程序时只要写出进行实验用到的数学软件或计算机语言，所编写的程序或命令，且程序中的变量及功能要给出说明。写实验步骤与结果时只要写出对要实验的问题的操作过程并输出结果。写讨论时要写出做了实验后自己对实验的问题有哪些更深入的理解、受到什么启发、澄清了哪些模糊概念及实验中遇到的问题等。讨论的内容可以不拘形式，只要把要说的事情说清楚即可。
实验一 Mathematia数学软件的使用
一、实验目的
熟悉Mathematia数学软件的启动和退出、Notebook窗口、命令输入、常量、内部函数、语法和基本注意事项。 二、实验原理
学习《Mathematia基础及数学软件》教材的第一章Mathematia简介与基本量 三、实验所用主要仪器 计算机
四、实验内容 1．建立下面各表
（1）?1,3,5,?,99?；（2）?1,4,9,16,?,100?；（3）?,,,?,?234?1111?? 100?（4）??1,2,3,?,100?,?101,102,103,?,200?,?,?901,902,903,?,1000??。
2．取出1题（1），（2），（3）表中第1、第5与倒数第3个元素。 3．将1题（1），（2），（3）表中的所有元素加在一起，乘在一起。
4．随机生成10个元素、数值范围在（0，1）之间的表，并将元素从小到排序。
5．随机生成10个元素、数值范围在（11，20）之间的表，并将元素从大到小排序。 五、实验步骤与结果
a=Table[i,{i,1,99,2}]
{1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61,63,65,67,69,71,73,75,77,79,81,83,85,87,89,91,93,95,97,99}
b=Table[i^2,{i,1,10}]
{1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}
c=Table[1/i,{i,2,100}]
{1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5,1/6,1/7,1/8,1/9,1/10,1/11,1/12,1/13,1/14,1/15,1/16,1/17,1/18,1/19,1/20,1/21,1/22,1/23,1/24,1/25,1/26,1/27,1/28,1/29,1/30,1/31,1/32,1/33,1/34,1/35,1/36,1/37,1/38,1/39,1/40,1/41,1/42,1/43,1/44,1/45,1/46,1/47,1/48,1/49,1/50,1/51,1/52,1/53,1/54,1/55,1/56,1/57,1/58,1/59,1/60,1/61,1/62,1/63,1/64,1/65,1/66,1/67,1/68,1/69,1/70,1/71,1/72,1/73,1/74,1/75,1/76,1/77,1/78,1/79,1/80,1/81,1/82,1/83,1/84,1/85,1/86,1/87,1/88,1/89,1/90,1/91,1/92,1/93,1/94,1/95,1/96,1/97,1/98,1/99,1/100}
d=Table[i+j,{i,0,900,100},{j,100}]
{{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100},{101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200},{201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,22
6,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300},{301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400},{401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500},{501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600},{601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700},{701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800},{801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900},{901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,977,978,979,980,981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000}}
a[[{1,5,-3}]] {1,9,95}
b[[{1,5,-3}]] {1,25,64}
c[[{1,5,-3}]] {1/2,1/6,1/98}
Apply[Plus,a] 2500
Apply[Times,a]
2725392139750729502980713245400918633290796330545803413734328823443106201171875
Apply[Plus,b] 385
Apply[Times,b] 13168189440000
Apply[Plus,c]
11677821270331852073640165685691639305439/2788815009188499086581352357412492142272 Apply[Times,c]
11677821270331852073640165685691639305439/2788815009188499086581352357412492142272 1/93326215443944152681699238856266700490715968264381621468592963895217599993229915608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000000000
e=Table[RandomReal[],{10}]
{0.230843,0.277505,0.658351,0.0668512,0.722918,0.15122,0.63301,0.253828,0.374543,0.742873}
Sort[e]
{0.0668512,0.15122,0.230843,0.253828,0.277505,0.374543,0.63301,0.658351,0.722918,0.742873}
f=RandomReal[{11,20},10]
{16.7045,18.2893,16.031,11.9766,13.5078,18.3714,12.6226,11.8448,18.5671,18.5001}
Reverse [Sort[ f]]
{18.5671,18.5001,18.3714,18.2893,16.7045,16.031,13.5078,12.6226,11.9766,11.8448} 六、讨论 教师评语
实验二 用曲线图形研究函数特性
一、实验目的
熟悉基本初等函数的图形，熟悉Mathematia数学软件的曲线绘图命令。 二、实验原理
知道基本初等函数概念、学习教材第二章2.2节、2.4节内容——用Mathematia数学软件绘制平面及空间曲线。
三、实验所用主要仪器 计算机