内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文
学校代码： 10128 学 号：201120610017
本科毕业论文
二 〇 一 五 年 六 月
题 目：提高交叉口通行能力的具体
方法及实例分析
学生姓名：白 健
学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：道路与交通系 专 业：交通工程
班 级：交通工程11-1班 指导教师：胡兵 讲师
内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文
摘要
改革开放以来，我国的国民经济持续增强，国民生产总值和人均收入水平有了很大的提高，交通运输业也得到了空前的发展，但是国家对公路建设的投入却相对滞后，使得道路中车多路少等问题日益严重。因此，如何充分有效的利用优先的资源加快公路建设，如何改善交通管理，挖掘现有交通设施的潜力，以缓解失衡的交通供求关系，是目前各个单位及部门亟需解决的问题。
现代的交通运输主要有：公路、铁路、水运、航空和管道运输五中方式，它们各有优势，相辅相成，组成综合运输体系，在国家经济参与国际市场竞争的今天，公路运输占有越来越重要的作用。它的激动灵活，方便快捷、服务面广，特别适合于中短途，从门到门的运输，因此，道路的在建设和现有的道路通行能力的大小，其运输效率的高低都对国民经济都有很重要的影响。
基于这些因素之下，对于城市道路来说，城市中道路的问题主要集中在城市道路交叉口的拥堵这方面，如何提高道路交叉口的通行能力成为了解决道路拥堵的首要问题。对于道路交叉口的拥堵问题有很多因素，例如：交叉口渠化设计不合理，交叉口信号配时方案不合理，交叉口道路过于狭窄，交叉口行人过街的影响等等原因，使得城市道路通行不流畅，极大的影响了人们的出行时间，降低了人们的出行效率。本论文主要研究的是如何提高交叉口的通行能力及其具体实例，解决交叉口通行能力的方法从这两个方面进行着手：1）交叉口渠化设计、2）交叉口信号配时方案优化。研究对象主要集中在呼和浩特市新城区的润宇家居的交叉口以及公安厅交叉口这两个较为典型的交叉口进行数据调查取证。调查的时间主要集中在下午17:00——18:00这个车辆通行较多的时间段，以此来发现交叉口典型的拥堵问题。
关键词：交叉口通行能力;信号配时;交叉口渠化;交通信号灯
内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文
Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, China's national economy continued to improve, GDP and per capita income levels have greatly improved, transportation industry has also been an unprecedented development, but the national investment in highway construction is lagging behind, make less the traffic multiplexing issues is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, it is the various units and departments need to solve the problem that how to fully effective using resources to priority to accelerate the construction of roads, how to improve the traffic management, and tap the potential of existing transport facilities, in order to ease the imbalance in the relationship between traffic demand and supply.
Modern transportation, mainly include: highway, railway, waterway, air and pipeline transportation of the fifth way. They have their own advantages, complement each other, to form the integrated transport system, in the national economy to international competition in the market today, road transport plays a more and more important role. It excited flexible, convenient, fast, and services in a wide range, especially suitable for short distance, from door to door transportation. Therefore, road in the construction and the existing road traffic capacity size, the level of transportation efficiency are on the national economy have very important influence.
Based on these factors, for the urban road, urban road mainly concentrated in Urban Road intersection congestion and how to improve the traffic capacity of the road intersection becomes the primary problem of road congestion. For road intersection congestion problems there are many factors. For example: intersection channelization design unreasonable, intersection signal timing scheme is reasonable, crossing the road is too narrow, intersection pedestrian impact and other reasons, making urban road traffic is not smooth, greatly affected the people's travel time, reducing the efficiency of people's travel. The main work of this thesis is to study how to improve the traffic capacity of the intersection and its specific examples, to resolve the intersection capacity method from the two aspects to proceed: 1) intersection channelization design, 2) intersection signal timing optimization. The research object mainly concentrated in the new city of Hohhot Run Yu home intersection and public security office intersection these two more typical cross port data investigation and evidence. The time of the
内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文
investigation is mainly concentrated in the afternoon 18:00 - 17:00 this vehicle passes more time, in order to find the typical congestion problem of the intersection.
Key words: Intersection Capacity ; Signal Timing ; Intersection Drainage ; Traffic Light
内蒙古工业大学本科毕业论文
目录
第一章 绪 论................................................................................................................ 1
1.1研究的背景 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2研究的目的 .................................................................................................... 3 1.3实际应用价值 ............................................................................................... 3 1.4提高交叉口通行能力的方法 ....................................................................... 3 第二章 交叉口渠化设计.............................................................................................. 4
2.1交叉口渠化设计的措施 ............................................................................... 4
2.1.1人行横道............................................................................................... 4 2.1.2车道功能划分....................................................................................... 5 2.1.3交通岛................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4导流线................................................................................................... 7 2.2渠化设计优化的目的 ................................................................................... 7
2.2.1渠化设计的核心目的........................................................................... 7 2.2.2渠化优化的目的................................................................................... 7 2.3机动车的渠化优化方法 ............................................................................... 8
2.3.1交叉口的内部拓宽渠化....................................................................... 8 2.4非机动车的渠化优化 ................................................................................. 11
2.4.1二次过街............................................................................................. 11 2.4.2停车线前移......................................................................................... 12 2.5交叉口渠化的流程图 ................................................................................. 12 第三章 交叉口信号控制的优化................................................................................ 14
3.1传统的信号控制方法 ................................................................................. 14
3.1.1相位的确定......................................................................................... 14 3.1.2信号配时计算..................................................................................... 15 3.2相位设计优化 ............................................................................................. 17
3.2.1相位信号设计和配时设计的关系..................................................... 17 3.2.2多相位方案的选择优化..................................................................... 18 3.2.3相位选择的优化模式......................................................................... 24