题目:废旧塑料的回收与利用研究
2010年1月
摘要
中国每年产生的废旧塑料量为500万吨左右，由于塑料具有耐腐蚀、不易分解的特性，尤其是一次性塑料包装废弃物、塑料农地膜被人们随意丢弃而造成的视觉污染，即所谓的“白色污染”。废塑料对环境造成的潜在危害，已成为我国社会各界关注的热点问题。而它的这一特性以及在垃圾中重量小、体积大，决定了它的最终处置不宜填埋，但它是热值很高的大分子材料，回收利用符合我国可持续发展的基本国策，也能充分利用其内在价值，并节约资源，保护环境。正确处理发展与环境的关系，合理利用自然资源是21世纪提出的迫切要求。随着我国塑料工业的不断发展，废弃塑料再生利用越来越成为我国资源再生和环境保护事业的重要方面。
治理白色污染是个庞大的系统工程，需要各部门，各行业的共同努力，需要全社会在思想上和行动上的共同参与和支持，有赖于全民科技意识、环保意识的提高。政府部门在制定法规加强管理的同时，可把发展环保技术和环保产业作为刺激经济和扩大就业的重要渠道，使废塑料的收集、处理及回收利用产业化。目前我国回收和加工企业分散，规模小，很多国内外塑料回收与加工的新技术和新设备无法推广实施，回收加工产品质量低下，因此对塑料回收企业应进行规范化管理，以提高其科技含量和经济效益。在回收利用的同时，更需研究环境可降解的塑料，寻求切实可行的替代品。
关键字：环境保护 废旧塑料 再生
ABSTRACT
China's annual volume of waste plastics produced 500 million tons, due to plastic resistant to corrosion and decomposition of the characteristics is not easy, especially in disposable plastic packaging waste, plastic agricultural film caused by people carelessly discarded visual pollution, the so-called \Waste plastic potential impact on the environment has become a hot issue in the community. This feature, and that its weight in rubbish small and large size determines its ultimate disposition is not appropriate landfill, but it is a very high calorific value of macromolecular materials, recycling in line with our basic national policy of sustainable development, but also take full advantage of its intrinsic value, and save resources, protect the environment. Correctly handle the relationship between development and environment, rational use of natural resources is requested that the 21st century. With the continuous development of China's plastics industry, recycling of waste plastics recycling, and increasingly become an important aspect of environmental protection.
White pollution is a huge project that calls for all departments and
sectors to work together, the whole society in thinking and action on the participation and support of national science and technology depends on consciousness, environmental awareness raising. Government departments to strengthen management in the formulation of laws and regulations, while the development of environmental technologies and can bring environmental protection industry to stimulate the economy and the expansion of employment as an important channel for waste plastics collection, processing and recycling of industrial production. Recovery and processing enterprises in China now scattered, small scale, many domestic and international plastic recycling and processing of new technologies and new device can not promote the implementation of the recovery of processed products of poor quality, so the plastic recycling business management should be standardized to improve its
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content and technology economic benefits. In recycling the same time, more research environment required degradable plastic, to seek viable alternatives. key words： Environment protection Waste Plastics Regeneration
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目录
摘要 ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. I 目录 ..................................................................................................................................................... III 绪论 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 第一章 我国塑料工业的基本概况 ............................................................................................ 9
1.1．概述 ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.2限制废旧塑料再生的因素 ............................................................................ 10 1.2．我国塑料制品生产与使用情况 ............................................................................ 10
1.2.1 我国塑料制品的生产情况 ........................................................................... 10 1.2.2 我国塑料制品的使用情况 ......................................................................... 12 1.3废旧塑料的来源领域 ................................................................................................... 13
1.3.1 产业系统和使用于消费系统的废旧塑料 ............................................... 13 1.3.2 农业领域和商业部门的废旧塑料来源 ................................................... 13 1.3.3 家庭日用中的废旧塑料制品 ...................................................................... 14
第二章 废旧塑料的再生 ............................................................................................................. 15
2.1 废旧塑料的物质再生 .................................................................................................. 15
2.1.1废旧塑料的物理再生 ...................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 废旧塑料的化学再生 ..................................................................................... 16 2.2 废旧塑料的能量再生 .................................................................................................. 17
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