第六章(Chapter6)形容词和副词(Adjectives and Adverbs) 高考考点：
1.多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序； 2.比较级表达最高级含义的用法； 3.能用于修饰比较级的词或短语；
4.近义形容词、副词在具体语境中的运用； 5.形容词和副词的辨析 6.1 形容词及其用法
1） 作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。 2） 比较等级 原级、比较级、最高级
(1) 构成：-er; -est; more; the most （2） 基本句型
比较级形式 + than …
the + 最高级形式 + in/of … as + 原级形式 + as …
not as （so） + 原级形式 +as …
6.1.1 形容词在句子中的作用
形容词在句子中主要用作：定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 【必背典例】
1.Shanghai is a big industrial city. (定语)上海是一座大工业城市。 Of the 20 people present, I know only one.(后置定语) 2.I felt glad that my sister was well again.(表语)
3.We found him asleep on the sofa.(宾语补语--构成复合宾语) 我们发现他在双人沙发上睡着了。 4.They came over, eager to help. (状语)他们跑了过来，亟于帮忙。
Afraid of the hardships, they stopped half-way.(状语) 由于害怕困难，他们中途停了下来。 5.He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. (间或用作同位语)他看了各式各样的书，古今中外都有。
6.Strange to say/Strangely enough, he did pass the exam after all. (独立成分)说也奇怪，他考试竟然及格了。
【考点1】表语形容词和定语形容词
【考例】A piece of ____ music will make you happy.(1992上海) A. fond B. pleased C. merry D. glad 【透视】C
【超链接】定语形容词与表语形容词
A．表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。
B．定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如： This is a medical school. (不说This school is medical. ) 表语形容词
叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man. （对） The man is ill. （错） She is an afraid girl. （对） The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：
(1) 以a-开头的表语形容词有：害怕 孤独不活着； 明白 害羞睡又醒 ； 很相象。afraid,alone, alive, aware，ashamed, asleep, awake, alike。 She feels lonely when she is alone.
注意：不可直接用very来修饰这些词？有固定的副词来修饰它们
all／very much alone非常孤单 very much afraid非常害怕 fast/sound asleep熟睡的 wide awake十分清醒的 greatly ashamed非常害羞的 但：可以用作后置定语.其前有副词修饰时可作前置定语
the fast asleep boy
the wide awake soldiers
a somewhat afraid girl有些害怕的
(2)表示健康状况的： well身体好的， ill， unwell， faint虚弱的; 昏眩的(sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为 “bad” )
(3)表示情感反应的：glad, sorry, fond, (well) content，(非常)满足的，满意的 unable不能的 (well) worth(非常)值得的 定语形容词
(1)其强调作用的：main elder former latter inner outer upper real live活的 aged mere only， very，single，exact，live（活的,实况转播的）
（2）由名词等转化来的：wooden，woolen，drunken，medical，electric，former，daily，weekly
区分作定语与作表语时的含义差别
certain某一/无疑；一定 present现在的/出席的 late已故的/迟到的 ill坏的/有病的 ill effect 副作用 fall ill
a sick man 一个病人 feel sick
【特别警示】下列形容词不能接复合不定式，应接从句作表语
certain理所当然的 apparent明显的 likely很可能的 clear明显的 probable可能的
certain clear
It is likely that …
probable apparent
It is certain for sb. to do sth.（错）
It is possible but not probable that I shall go there next week. 【精练】
1.When they came in, Mr Harris＿like a baby. Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream, because he needed rest.
A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep 2.The storm kept me＿＿＿all through the night.
A .awake B. awoke C. awaked D. awoken
3.During the hurricane the night before, Tom lay in bed, , the rushing winds. A. awake; was listening to B. awake; listening to C. waking up; was listening to D. woke up; listening to 4.To plant the tree, we must dig _____.
A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a hole C. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole 5.The new research team was led by the ____ engineer. A. main B. major C. chief D. primary
6.David was lying in bed, _____ , listening to an English pop song. A. awoke B. awake C. waking D. wake 7.My uncle was still on the_______ leave at home. A. ill B. sick C. disease D. illness
8.We’ve published large quantities of books．This year______ we’ve published three million．
A．only B．just C．alone D．merely
9.Not only the astronauts but also the dog has returned ________ from the space journey.
A. alive B. lived C. live D. life
10.He was so tired that as soon as he lay down he fell ____ asleep. A. fast B. very C. much D. deep
11.Lying in bed, he was ____ awake with his eyes fixed on the ceiling. A. wide B. open C. deep D. clearly 【答案与简析】BABCC BBCAA A
1.be sound asleep意为“睡得正香”。2.A。awake是形容词作宾补。B 【考点2】以-ly结尾的形容词 【巧记】名词+ly = 形容词
新课标十大以-ly结尾的派生形容词
daily ['de?l?] a. 每日的；日常的 ad. 每天 n. 日报 friendly ['frendl?] a. 友好的
hilly ['h?l?] a. 丘陵的； 多小山的 holy ['h??l?] a. 神圣的 likely ['la?kl?] a.很可能的
lively ['la?vl?] a. 活泼的;充满生气的 lonely ['l??nl?] a. 孤独的，寂寞的 lovely ['l?vl?] a. 美好的，可爱的
smelly ['smel?] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的 weekly ['wi?kl?] a. 每周的 【考例】
1.The lessons given by Mr．Smith are always ____ and interesting．(上海2001春) A．lovingly B．lovely C．lively D．vividly
2.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally_______.(福建卷06-26)
A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable 【透视】1.C. lively 生动的 vividly是副词 2.A
（天津卷04）
However , we seldom felt lonely or helplessly . We enjoyed our happy life . 80. helpless 【超链接】大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 1 表示时间的形容词 hourly, daily, nightly, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, early, timely 及时的。 manly 男子气的，womanly 女人气的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父亲般的，childly 孩子般的，comradely 同 志式的 This theatre gives a nightly performance. What are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子的责任? Children are usually lively. 2 表示人的形容词 lovely, friendly, ugly, lively, lonely, 表示人的外貌、特征、friendly, unfriendly, kindly, sickly, 3 性格、心理等的形容poorly, elderly 年长的，homely 不漂亮词 的、朴实的。silly likely 可能的，orderly 整齐的，costly 表示事物特征、环境、花费大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有貌4 情况、状态的形容词 的，chilly 凉的，disorderly 乱七八糟的,unlikely 不可能的。
1） 改错：(错） She sang lovely.
（错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely.
（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 【精练】
Please leave our classroom in an orderly way.让我们的教室整整齐齐的。 1.The music he is playing sounds_____.
A. nicely B. sweetly C. lively D. pleasantly
2.Their cheerful voices showed that they were having a ________ discussion. A. noisy B. serious C. friendly D. lively
【答案与简析】1.C sound是连系动词，后面要求接形容词。而四个选项中，只有lively是形容词。 6.1.2用形容词表示类别和整体
【考点3】 the + adj.表一类人的用法 作用/用法
1）定冠词+形容词:表示某一类人作主语时,动词用复数 the absent 缺席者 the aged 老年人
the brave 勇敢者 the dead 死人
the dying 要死的人 the disabled 残疾人 the living 活着的人
the oppressed 被压迫者 the present 出席的人 the sick 病人 the strong 强者 the weak 弱者 the wise 聪明人 the wounded 伤员
the deaf and mute 聋哑人 the lost 失踪的人
the missing 失踪的人
the homeless无家可归的人 the hungry 饥饿的人 the young/old the poor/rich the brave/wise the ignorant无知者
the learned the injured the educated
The educated are more to be pitied than blamed. The poor are losing hope.
2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 3） the beautiful=beauty
the good=goodness the true=truth
The good is always beautiful;the beautiful is always good. 【备考押题】
1.Nurses are required to look after _____.
A. sick and wound B. sick and wounded
C. the sick and wound D. the sick and wounded D
6.1.3 形容词的排列位置
【考点4】多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
【讲解】多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时，总的顺序为“限定词十形容词+名词”。几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：
限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词