that everyone is in a rush. ... be bound to ... 一個人的第一個印象是,每個人都是匆結構︰主詞+be bound+to-不定詞 忙的。 說明︰此句型意為\一定…\。\bound to V\ He is likely to arrive at any time. 是\sure to V(一定)\之意,而\bound 他可能隨時會到。 for\是\前往\之意。
His health is likely to get worse. Something is bound to happen one way 他的健康可能會惡化。 make an/no attempt to ... 結構︰主詞+make an/no attempt+to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…打算要/沒有打算要…\;\…試圖要/沒有試圖要…\。 His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. 他的微笑加深了,但他沒有打算要回答。 I made no attempt to make friends with her. 我沒有打算要和她做朋友。 Will they make any attempt? 他們會再做另一次的嘗試嗎? happen/chance to ... 結構︰主詞+happen/chance+to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…碰巧…\。 A friend of his happened to be sitting in a railroad-coach next to a young man who was obviously depressed. 他的一個朋友碰巧在火車車廂裡坐在一個無精打采的年輕人的身邊。 We happened to meet at the station. 我們碰巧在火車站相遇。 He happened to be sleeping. 他碰巧在睡覺。 I chanced to be thinking of the same thing. 我碰巧想到同樣的事。 ... is said to ... 結構︰主詞+is said+to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\據說…(現在)是…\。而\是\據說…(以前)是…\。 His music is said to be \\他的音樂據說是\好\或\了不起\。 He is said to have been the richest man in Taiwan. 據說他以前是台灣最有錢的人。 They are said to build a hospital here. 據說他們要在這裡蓋一家醫院。 or another to end the conflict or solve the problem. 事情一定以某種方式發生以結束衝突或解決難題。 He is bound to come tonight. 他今天晚上一定會來。 If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his. 如果這樣的話,你的觀點一定會和他的起衝突。 ... do all one can to ... 結構︰主詞+do all one can to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\盡一切可能來…\。注意 do 和 can 的<時態>要保持一致。 Daddy did all he could to fill my needs and desires.爸爸盡一切可能來滿足我的需求和慾望。 You should do all you can to persuade him. 你應該盡一切可能來說服他。 We have done all we could to catch up with them. 我們已經盡了一切可能來趕上他們。
have sth. to do with ... 結構︰... have something/nothing to do with ... 說明︰此句型意為\…與…有/無關係\。這是包含不定式的習慣用法。隨著\有關係\的程度, something 可改為 little,much,a great deal 等。have nothing to do with表示否定;have anything to do with 用於<疑問句>中。 Her diligence must have something to do with his success. 她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某些關係。 The traffic accident had nothing to do with him. 這交通事故和他一點關係也沒有。 His wife had much to do with his bankruptcy. 他的破產和他的妻子很有關係。 have no other N except to 結構︰主詞+have no other+名詞+except
/than+to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\除了要…沒有其他的…\。except 可以換成 than。
The speaker has no other purpose except to make people laugh. 這位演說者除了想搞笑之外,沒有別的目的。
We have no other choice than to agree with them. 我們除了同意他們之外,沒有別的選擇。 I have no other wish except to pass the examination.我除了要通過考試之外,沒有別的心願。
... in order/so as to ...
結構︰in order/so as+to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\為了…;想做…就得…\。這是表目的的不定詞句型,意思更為明確。 He must work very hard in order to support his large family.
他必須拼命工作以養活他的大家庭。 Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher. 要仔細聽才能聽懂老師講的課。 You must watch your step so as not to fall down. 你必須留心腳下才不會跌下去。 ... be used to ...
結構︰主詞(物) + be used to-不定詞 說明︰此句型意為\被用來…\。主詞通常是無生命的東西。而\物+be used as+<名詞>\譯為\被用來當做…\。
The book is used to teach us how to write. 這本書教我們如何寫作。
The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用來切肉。
It is said that the plant can be used to treat hepatitis. 據說那種植物可用來治肝炎。
The book is used as a reference book. 這本書被用來做參考書。 含分詞之句型 I am + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+am(are,is)+現在分詞… 說明︰此句型意為\主詞>(人,物)正在…\。<現在進行式>用於表示現在\正在進行\的動作或\暫時性\的動作,常和 now,still,at this time 等<副詞>(<片語>)連用。而<簡單現在式>用於表示現在的\事實,習慣或狀態\,常和 every day,usually,always 等<副詞>(<片語>)連用。
Bill is singing. 比爾正在唱歌。 Linda is cooking. 琳達在烹飪。 My father is sleeping. 我父親在睡覺。
Mother cooks dinner every evening. 媽媽每天晚上做晚飯。 She is cooking in the kitchen now. 她現在正在廚房裡做飯。
Father walks to his office every morning. 爸爸每天早上走路去上班。 He is walking to his office now. 他現在正在走路去上班。 Mary sings in her room every afternoon. 瑪麗每天下午在她房間裡唱歌。
She is singing in her room now. 她現在正在她房間裡唱歌。 an interesting movie
結構︰主詞+動詞+a/an+(very)+現在分詞+名詞(物)…。
說明︰\情緒<動詞>\如 interest,excite,satisfy,bore,confuse,trouble 等,要修飾事物,常用現在<分詞>;現在<分詞>含有\主動\或動作\正在進行\的意味。
That is an interesting movie. 那是一部令人有趣的電影。
That is an exciting game. 那是一場令人興奮的比賽。
That is a satisfying book. 那是一本令人滿意的書。 Have you + V-ed ...?
結構︰Have/Has+主詞+過去分詞+…? 說明︰將<助動詞> have(has)提到句首,即構成<現在完成式>的疑問式。
Have you had your lunch? 你已吃過午飯嗎? Has she ever written a letter to Mark? 她曾經寫信給馬克嗎?
Have you found the pen you lost yesterday? 你找到昨天丟失的鋼筆了嗎? a troubled student
結構︰主詞+動詞+a/an+(very)+過去分詞+名詞(人)…。
說明︰\情緒<動詞>\如 interest,excite,satisfy,bore,confuse,trouble 等,要修飾人,常用過去<分詞>;過去<分詞>含有\被動\或動作\已經完成\的意味。
He is a troubled student. 他是一位感到苦惱的學生。
He is an interested person. 他是一位表現興趣的人。
He is a bored student. 他是一位感到厭煩的學生。
I have written a letter.
結構︰主詞+have(has)+過去分詞+…。 說明︰<現在完成式>用於表示\過去某時\發生的事情,\直到現在\才完成,或\繼續到現在\,或其結果\影響到現在\,它的肯定式由\(has)+過去<分詞>\構成,其中 have或 has 是<助動詞>,當<主詞>是第三人稱單數(he,she,it…)時,用 has,其餘人稱用 have。
I have written a letter. 我已經寫了一封信。
Mary has studied English for three years. 瑪麗研讀英語已有三年。 He has liked dogs since he was a child. 自從他是小孩時,他就喜歡狗。 ... is ...ed by ...
結構︰主詞+be 動詞+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰將主動句改為被動句時,先將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句的<受詞>,再將主動句的<及物動詞>改成\+過去分詞\,且須注意 be <動詞>的時式要與主動句的<及物動詞>時式相同,最後將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句 by 的<受詞>。
The news is widely spread by them. 這一消息被他們廣為傳播。 Vegetables are needed every day by us. 蔬菜每天被我們所需要。
This letter was typed by Alice this morning. 這封信在今早被愛麗絲用打字機打過了。
will be V-ed by ...
結構︰主詞+will be+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰將現在式被動句的 be <動詞>(am,is,are)改為 will be,是構成未來式被動句的一種方法。
That book will be brought by Mary tomorrow. 那本書明天將被瑪麗帶來。 That car will be washed this afternoon. 那部汽車今天下午將會被洗。 The building will be opened next month. 那棟大樓下個月將營業。 be going to be V-ed by
結構︰主詞+be going to+be+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰在現在式被動句的 be <動詞>(am,is,are)後加 going to be,是構成未來式被動句的另一種方法。
These clothes are going to be washed by her. 這些衣服將由她來洗。 A birthday cake is going to be brought to the table by the cook.
一只生日蛋糕將被廚師放到桌子上。 Music is going to be taught by Miss Lin. 音樂課將由林小姐來教。 can(not) be V-ed by ...
結構︰主詞+can(not)be +過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰將主動句中的<助動詞>(can,must…)照抄,後面加上 be+過去<分詞>,即構成含有<助動詞>的被動句。
That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一課無法為許多學生所理解。
The question can not be answered by many people. 這一問題無法被許多人回答。 His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的筆跡無法被他本人所辨認。
... V + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+動詞+補語(現在分詞) 說明︰英文中,若兩個<動詞>在一起而無<連接詞>加以連接,所表示的動作又是同時發生的,則第二個<動詞>要變成現在<分詞>;若第二個<動詞>是be<動詞>時,應變成現在<分詞> being,但 being通常予以省略。
We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我們坐著傾聽海浪的聲音。 The dog lay dozing in front of the door. 小狗躺在門前打盹兒。
She stood there (being) motionless. 她站在那兒,一動也不動。
He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him. 他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什麼事不對勁。
I stand looking over the lake. 我
站著展望湖面。
Some leaves went flying into my room. 幾片葉子飛著進入我的房間。 ... V-ing/V-ed + N ...
結構︰…現在分詞/過去分詞+名詞(或名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞)
說明︰這是<分詞>做<名詞>之修飾語的用法,該<分詞>修飾其前或後緊臨之<名詞>;<名詞>之前有其他單字或<片語>跟隨時,<分詞>通常放在<名詞>後面。
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
The girl standing in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的姪女。 There were no printed books in those days. 當時沒有印刷的書籍。
This is a play written by an American author. 這是美國作家寫的劇本。 The prisoners closely guarded escaped from the prison last night.
被嚴密監視的這些囚犯昨夜越獄了。 I looked painfully at the vase broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看著這個破得粉碎的花瓶。 It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
要射中飛行中的小鳥,尤其是高空飛行的小鳥,非常困難。
Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles.
我們很快就來到一條很寬、很吵雜,各種車輛來往行駛的大馬路上。 feel/make ... V-ing/V-ed
結構︰keep/make/hear 等+受詞+現在分詞/過去分詞
說明︰<動詞> keep,find 或<使役動詞> make,let,get 等,以及<感官動詞> hear,see,watch,feel 等後的<受詞補語>若強調正在進行的概念,且有主動意味時,以現在<分詞>表示;若有被動意味時,則以\+過去<分詞>\表示,均譯成\正在…\。若要強調被動且已發生的概念,則用過去<分詞>做<補語>,譯成\被…\。
At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.最後,我終於成功地讓我的車子慢慢移動。
We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我們看見他在為屋子四周的草坪澆水。
Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你聽過用法語唱的這場歌劇嗎? I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感覺到有什麼東西爬上我的手臂。 I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老師處罰。 I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那個男孩被抬去醫院。 I found the work being done in a rush. 我發現這件作品正倉促地被完成。 ... get(s) V-ed/ADJ 結構︰主詞(某人)+get(s)+過去分詞(或形容詞)…。
說明︰此句型意為\某人變成…\。get+<形容詞>(過去<分詞>)的常見用例有:get old(年紀大), get hungry(肚子餓),get angry(生氣),get sick(生病),get fat(發胖), get tired(疲倦),get lost(迷路),get confused(困惑),get hurt(受傷), get excited(興奮),get ready(準備好)。 John got lost. 約翰迷路了。 Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 瑪麗厭倦穿紅色衣服。
The question is so hard, and we're getting confused. 這問題太難,我們感到困惑。
... have/get sth. done
結構︰主詞+have/get/make+受詞+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為\把…(辦完)\。make 之後的<受詞>習慣上是\人\而非\物\;但 have 和 get 後的<受詞>在此 <句型>中是\物\,有\叫別人代勞\的意味,即做事的人並非<主詞>,而是別人。
Be sure to get the work finished before six o'clock. 務必在六點之前把工作完成。 Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成綠色嗎? I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把這些鞋子修補一下。
He has been unable to raise enough
money to have the big clock repaired. 他一直無法籌募到足夠的錢來把這個大鐘修理好。
I'll have it sent right away. 我會立刻把它(拍送)出去。 Have it charged to my credit card. 把它記在我的信用卡的帳號裡。
I cannot make myself understood in English.
我無法用英文使自己被人了解。(我無法用英文把我的意思講清楚。)
I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.)
我把牙拔了。(我是叫醫生拔的。) Sth. is being + V-ed ...
結構︰主詞+is being+過去分詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…正在被…\。是<進行式>的<被動語態>。
Money is being used in place of something more direct.金錢正在被更直接地用來取代某種東西。
The machine is being experimentally used. 這些機器正在被實驗地使用著。 The problems are being discussed. 這些問題正在被討論著。 ... go + V-ing ... 結構︰go+現在分詞
說明︰此句型意為\從事…\。go 之後的現在<分詞>通常是運動類的<動詞>,如:fishing(釣魚),boating(划船),skating(溜冰),skiing(滑雪),hunting(打獵),mountain climbing(爬山), shopping(購物)等。 Sometimes Mr. Black went swimming with the children.有時布拉克先生和這些小孩去游泳。 We went fishing yesterday and I caught three fish. 我們昨天去釣魚,而我釣了三條。
I find it interesting and healthy to go mountain climbing. 我覺得爬山有趣又有益健康。
The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week. 美國家庭主婦可能一星期只購物一、二次。
You may go grass skiing, bicycle riding, or shopping on the weekend. 週末你可以去滑草,騎腳踏車,或購物。 the + V-ing/V-ed/ADJ
結構︰the+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞 說明︰<形容詞>,包括可做<形容詞>的<分詞>,前面加<冠詞> the,可當複數<名詞>用,表示\全體\的意思,其後的<動詞>用複數形。常用的有:the wounded(所有受傷的人),the handicapped(所有殘障者),the rich(有錢人),the dead(所有已死的人),the dying(所有垂死的人),the unknown(所有未知之事)等。
The rich are not necessarily happy. 有錢人未必快樂。 The oppressed were free after the coup. 被壓迫的人民,在政變之後獲得自由。 The dying were rushed to the hospital. 垂死的人被急速送往醫院。
During the depression, millions of the unemployed wandered around in the streets.
經濟蕭條時期,有好幾百萬的失業者在街頭遊蕩。
V-ing/V-ed ..., Main Clause
結構︰現在分詞/過去分詞…,主要子句 說明︰這是含<分詞>句構的<句型>,是以<分詞片語>代替<副詞子句>。<主要子句>中的<主詞>應和<分詞片語>中的動作接受者一致。若<動詞>為 be 或 have been,變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been後,可以省略。<否定句>若變成<分詞片語>時,<否定副詞> not 或 never 應置於<分詞>之前。
Holding the watch up, she listened. 把錶拿起來,她注意聽。
Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜裡,我什麼也看不見。 Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在樹下,被一塊石頭擊中了頭。
(Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因為熱愛大自然,他常常去爬山。
Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因為和太太生氣,湯姆踢狗。
Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross. 因為有錢又慷慨,他捐了兩百萬圓給紅十字會。