(Having been) Knocked down by a car, N + V-ing/V-ed he spent a week in the hospital. 結構︰名詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞，… 被車子撞倒後，他在醫院裡度過了一星說明︰這是含獨立<分詞>結構的<句型>，即因期。 <主詞>不同而將<分詞>意義上的<主詞>置於< Seriously damaged, the bridge is no 分詞>之前。若 <動詞>為 be 或 have been，longer in use. 因受到嚴重損壞，這座橋不變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been 後，再使用了。 可以省略。若<分詞>意義上的<主詞>是 we， Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. you，one 等表世上之一般人的情形時，即使淋到了一場雨，他全身都濕了。 Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again. 被狗咬過，這個小男孩不敢再和狗玩。 Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand. 用英文寫的這本書對我來說很難理解。 Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由於不喜歡讀書，他就離家出走了。 Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there. 因為從來沒去過瑞士，他期待一趟瑞士之旅。 When + V-ing ... 結構︰when／while／once／if／unless／though＋現在分詞 說明︰當when，while，once，if，unless，though 等<副詞><連接詞>引導<副詞子句>時，若其<主詞>與<主要子句>相同，可保留該<副詞><連接詞>，其餘部分則化簡為<分詞片語>。 He says \when making a request. 請求時，他說：\請\。 When waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽車時，他按順序排隊。 He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的時候，他停下來和我說話。 If falling ill, I'll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生病，我會待在家裡好好休息。 Once arriving there, I'll keep contact with you. 一到那裡，我會跟你連絡。 Unless (being) rich, I am not going to buy a house. 除非有錢，要不然我是不會買房子的。 Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 雖然他知道實情，卻保持沈默。 和<主要子句>之<主詞>不同，也可省略，變成慣用的句子，常用的有：frankly speaking（坦白說），judging from（由…觀之），talking about／of（談談…），generally speaking（一般而言），roughly speaking（大體言之）等。 They were trembling, their mouths watering at the thought of the beer. 他們顫抖著，一想到啤酒，口水就流出來。 He was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting on her daughter. 他坐在史密斯太太的旁邊，他的視線落在她女兒的身上。 The earthquake took place, the windows broken into pieces. 地震發生了，戶破得粉碎。 \it is,\he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears. \就在那裡。\他低聲地說，他的眼睛閃亮著突然而來的眼淚。 He said in a low voice, both his hands (being) on his back. 他低聲地說，他的雙手放在背後。 He argued, his voice trembling with anger. 他爭論著，他的聲音由於生氣而顫抖。 Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言，女性壽命較男性長。 Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白講，他沒有你想像中的壞。 with + N + V-ing/V-ed 結構︰with＋名詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞 說明︰這是表\附帶狀況（並行行為）\的<副詞片語>，常用來描述情景。有時使用<形容詞>、<副詞>、<介系詞>代替<分詞>。 She sang to the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟著音樂唱歌，手斯文地
揮動著。 He came running here with one hand holding a knife. 他手上握著刀向這裡跑來。 He came running here with a knife held in one hand. 他一手握著刀向這裡跑來。 With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完後，我們覺得好輕鬆。 She looked at him with the color gone from her face. 她凝視著他，臉上毫無血色。 He was dozing with a book open in his hands. 他在打盹，手上的書打開著。 My father sometimes goes out for a stroll with a stick in his hand. 父親有時候帶著手杖出去散步。 What a lonely world it would be with you away! 妳要是不在，這世界不知將有多寂寞！ V-ing ... + be + N ... 結構︰現在分詞…＋be 動詞＋名詞 說明︰此句型的<名詞>是句子的<主詞>，所以 be <動詞>要和<名詞>一致。 Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self-reliance and independence. 和美國家庭的這種愛同時並存的是自強及獨立的文化價值觀。 Growing along the river are tall palm trees. 沿著這條河生長的是高大的棕梠樹。 Lying north of the church is a girls' senior high school.位於這座教堂以北的是一所女子高中。 含動名詞之句型 Thinking correctly is ... 結構︰動名詞＋副詞（或名詞）＋單數動詞＋…。 說明︰此句型意為\做某事是…的\。<動名詞>在文法上具有<動詞>與<名詞>的雙重性質，故<動名詞>可以像<名詞>一樣充當<主詞>；又因<動名詞>當<主詞>時，用於指\某一件事\，屬於第三人稱單數，故取單數<動詞>。 Thinking correctly is important. 思考正確是重要的。 Living in the big city is convenient. 住在大城市是方便的。 Reading good books makes us happy. 閱讀好書使得我們快樂。 ... without + N/V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋動詞＋…without＋名詞／動名詞…。 說明︰此句型意為\主詞>沒有（不用）…\。without 當\沒有；不用；假如沒有；當…不\解，是<介系詞>，後面接<名詞>（<代名詞>）或<動名詞>，用法相當於\... not\或\（when）…not＋<動詞>\。 I can't start a fire without matches. 我沒有火柴不能點火。 We won't go without you joining it. 你沒有參加的話我們就不去了。 You can't see the movie without the ticket. 你沒有票，不能看電影。 He went to school without breakfast. (=He went to school and did not eat breakfast.) 他沒吃早飯就去上學了。 I like + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋及物動詞＋動名詞（當受詞）＋…。 說明︰此句型意為\某人…做某事\。下列的<及物動詞>後面，常接<動名詞>當<受詞>：like，love， hate，begin，start，try，enjoy，mind，practise。 I like doing my homework. 我喜歡做我的家庭作業。 He loves listening to music. 他喜歡聽音樂。 The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩們討厭在星期日做家庭作業。 cannot help + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋cannot help＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為\不得…，不禁…\。這裡的 help 作\抗拒\或\避免\解，此時一定要用<動名詞作受詞>，相當於\主詞>＋cannot but／cannot help but＋原形<動詞>\。 He cannot help loving Mary because of her beauty. 因為瑪麗長得美，他不禁愛上她。 Whenever I hear the story, I cannot help crying. 每次我聽這故事，就忍不住要哭。 After learning of his sufferings, I couldn't help sympathizing with him. 得知他痛苦的遭遇後，我忍不住同情
他。
I cannot help laughing. 我忍不住笑出來。
I cannot help being poor. 我是窮，可是沒有辦法呀！
I cannot help wondering about that girl. 我不免對那個女孩感到驚奇。
I cannot help worrying to hear that there is no steamer this week. 我聽到本周沒有船的消息，禁不住擔憂起來。
There is no + V-ing ... 結構︰There is no＋動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\做…是不可能的\。等於\＋原形<動詞>\或\one can＋原形<動詞>\。
There is no accounting for tastes. 人各有所好。
There was no telling what the next assignment would be. 不曉得下一個任務將是什麼。
There is no reasoning with such a stubborn man as Peter.
跟彼得這種固執的人講理簡直是不可能的事。
There is no denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.台灣是座美麗的島嶼，這是不可否認的。
There is no describing the beauty of the scene. 誰都無法形容這景色的美麗。 There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 不可能在五分鐘內打完這封信。
feel like + V-ing ... 結構︰feel like＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\想要…\。like 是<介系詞>，故之後要接<名詞>或<動名詞>。當接<動名詞>時，解釋為\想要做…\，相當於\like to＋原形<動詞>\；接<名詞>時，解釋為\感覺像…\。
I don't feel like studying tonight. 我今晚不想念書。 I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟歐洲。
Do you feel like going to a movie? 你想看電影嗎？ I feel like a newborn baby. 我感覺像是個新生的嬰兒。
... come near + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋come near＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為\幾乎去做…\。near 後跟<動名詞>。
It came near being the prettiest bow he had ever seen.那幾乎是他所見過最漂亮的一隻果盆。
I came near hitting him. 我幾乎揍他。
They came near being drowned. 他們幾乎被水淹死。
My son came near being run over by a truck. 我的兒子差點被大卡車輾過。 ... worth + V-ing ... 結構︰worth＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\值得…\。worth 是<介系詞>，使用時要用<名詞>或<動名詞>做<受詞>，形成<介系詞片語>，當 <形容詞>用。worth 之後接<動名詞>時，<主詞>必須為該<動名詞>之<受詞>，否則<動名詞>之後須另加<介系詞>，使<主詞>做其<受詞>。這種<句型>不可用虛<主詞> it 做<主詞>。
London is a city worth visiting. 倫敦是值得參觀的城市。 He who does his duty is worth praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得贊揚。
A book worth reading once is worth reading time and time again. 值得一看的書值得一看再看。
The work is worth doing. 這個工作值得去做。
He is worth doing the work for. 值得為他去做這份工作。 be worthy of + V-ing
結構︰be worthy of＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\值得…\。等於\worthy＋to be＋過去<分詞>\。worthy 是<形容詞>，也引導<形容詞片語>；同 worth 一樣，使用 worthy 時，不可用虛<主詞> it 做<主詞>。 This book is worthy of reading. 這本書值得一讀。
He who does his duty is worthy of praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得獎勵。 The event is worthy of being remembered. 那事件是值得記憶的。
On/Upon + V-ing ...
結構︰On／Upon＋動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\一…就…\。相當於 once 引導的<副詞子句>。on 後面所跟的<動詞>的動作執行者必須與<主要子句>的一致。 Upon reaching an appropriate age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to \the nest\一達到適當的年齡，孩子們就被鼓勵，而不是被強迫，\離開老窩\。 On entering the classroom, I found a book lying on the floor.
一走進教室，我就發現一本書丟在地上。
Upon receiving your letter, I was as happy as could be. 一收到你的信，我非常高興。
before + V-ing ...
結構︰before + 動名詞 ...
說明︰此句型意為\在…之前\。before 後面動作的執行者，應該與<主要子句>中的動作執行者一致。
Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes.
在某些亞洲的國家，進屋子之前脫下鞋子才是有禮貌的。
Before reading the book, you had better ask yourself if you have the time. 在讀這本書之前，你最好問問自己是否有時間。
Before visiting him, I called him up in advance. 在拜訪他之前，我先打電話給他。
of one's own + V-ing
結構︰of one's own＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\由某人親自所…的\。本<片語>為<形容詞片語>，置於<名詞>之後，做後位<修飾語>。 This is a picture of his own painting. 這是他的親筆畫。
This is a coat of her own making. 這是她親手做的外衣。
I least expected that this should be a house of his own constructing. 我怎麼也沒想到這房子是他自己造的。
keep ... from + V-ing 結構︰主詞＋keep／prevent／stop／discourage＋受詞＋from＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\防止…／阻止…／使…不能…／勸阻某人不要…\。有時把 from 省略。 It will take everybody's efforts to keep city noises from increasing. 那是需要每個人的努力來防止都市噪音的增加。 The rain kept us from getting there on time. 那場雨使我們不能準時到達那裡。 They should try to keep prices from rising. 他們應該設法阻止價錢上漲。
Sometimes we can prevent a cloud from producing rain. 有時我們可以阻止雲產生雨。
Nobody can prevent him from running the risk. 沒有人能夠阻止他去冒險。 The bad weather prevented us from getting there on time.
惡劣的天氣阻止了我們準時到達那裡。
They didn't even try to stop him getting it. 他們甚至沒有試圖去阻止他得到它。 You should have stopped him from going swimming. 你本來應該阻止他去游泳。 A strong will will stop one from committing a crime. 強烈的意志會阻止一個人去犯罪。
Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office.
甚至他最知己的朋友也勸阻他去尋求更高的職位。
He was discouraged from making another attempt. 他受勸阻去做另一次的嘗試。
I remember + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞＋remember＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\記得曾做…\。\＋<動名詞>\是指現在記得以前曾經做過某事，而\＋to-<不定詞>\是指\記住要做某事\。forget，regret 的情形和 remember 也有大致相同的區別。
I remember feeling that God, or someone, had brought us together. 我記得感到上帝或某人把我們湊合在一起。
Do you remember taking a trip to Japan with him? 你記得曾經和他到日本旅行嗎？
I can't remember quarreling with him in junior high school. 我不記得國中時和他吵過架。
I'll remember to mail these letters. 我會記著寄這些信的。 ... one's + V-ing ... 結構︰所有格＋動名詞
說明︰<動名詞>之意義上的<主詞>是放在<動名詞>前面的<名詞>(<代名詞>)，原則上是以<所有格>出現。但在口語中經常以受格出現，尤其美語此種傾向更強。<動名詞>意義上的<主詞>若非\人\時，則不必變成<所有格>。 She is not sure of his answering her letter. 她無法確定他是否會回信給她。 I prefer John's playing tennis to his playing cards. 我寧願約翰打網球而不玩樸克牌。
I dislike my mother's interfering in the affair. 我不喜歡母親介入這件事。 Our teacher didn't mind my coming in late. 老師對於我的遲到並不在意。
Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我開窗嗎？
I remember our meeting ten years ago. 我記得十年前我們會見過。 My father doesn't like my/me going out alone. 我父親不喜歡我單獨出門。
I dislike my house being too small. 我不喜歡我的房子太小。 ... be busy V-ing ... 結構︰be busy＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\忙著做…\。等於\busy with＋<名詞>\。
Mother is busy making cookies for the picnic. 母親正忙著為野餐做餅乾。
He was busy preparing for the exam. 他忙著準備考試。 I was busy looking up all the new words of the lesson in my dictionary.
我忙著在字典裡查本課所有的生字。 ... be used to + V-ing/N
結構︰主詞＋be used to／be accustomed to＋動名詞／名詞
說明︰此句型意為\習慣於…\。\主詞>＋used to-<不定詞>\是\過去常常…\；而\物＋be used to-<不定詞>\則是\被用來…\的意思。
The winter was much colder than they were used to and many people died. 那年冬天比他們所習慣的更為寒冷，因而很多人死亡。
He is used to sitting up late. 他習慣熬夜。 Are you used to the weather in Taipei? 你習慣台北的天氣嗎？
He is accustomed to hearing noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
他住在市中心，所以已經習慣於噪音了。
be on the point of + V-ing
結構︰be on／upon the point／verge of＋動名詞／名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\正要…\。相當於\just about to ...\。
It started raining when I was on the point of leaving home.我正要離開家的時候開始下雨了。
On being sent to hospital, he was on the point of breathing his last. 他被送到醫院的時候已經奄奄一息了。
He was on the point of death. 他瀕臨死亡。 She was on the verge of telling all the secret. 她正想把全部的祕密講給我聽。 make a point of + V-ing
結構︰主詞＋make a point of＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\一定…；認為有必要…\。本<句型>也可以寫成\主詞>＋make it a point／rule＋to-<不定詞>\。
I make a point of giving a hand to others. 我一定對別人伸出援助的手。 Whenever I go to Taipei, I make a point of visiting the National Palace Museum. 不論何時我到台北，我一定去參觀故宮博物院。
They make a point of going on a picnic every two weeks.他們一定每兩個星期去野餐一次。
to the point of V-ing ...