专 八 语 言 集 锦
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（05年——14年专八真题及解析归纳）
目录
1、2005年·····················································1 2、2006年·····················································2 3、2007年·····················································4 4、2008年·····················································6 5、2009年·····················································8 6、2010年·····················································10 7、2011年·····················································11 8、2012年·····················································12 9、2013年·····················································13 10、2014年····················································14
11、附加语言学考研题············································15
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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业
2005年
38.（考查点：main branches of linguistics) Syntax is the study of A. language functions B. sentence structures C. textual organization D.word formation 答案：B。
解析：Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences,是关于形成和理解正确英语句子的原则。也就是句子结构。故选择B。
39.（考察点：design features of language) Which of ale following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness B. Productivity C. Cultural transmission D. Finiteness 答案：D。
解析：题问下面四个选项中，哪一个不是人类语言的主要特征？除Finiteness(有限性)外，选项中的其它的三项Arbitrariness（任意性）， Productivity（能产性）和Cultural transmission（文化传递性）在语言学概述部分都提到了。故选择D。
40. （考察点：人物）The speech act theory was first put forward by A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Noam Chomsky D. M.A,K. Halliday 答案：B。
解析：问言语行为是哪位语言学家首先提出来的？根据语言学著 作
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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业
的介绍，John Austin于l969年首先提出了“言语行为”理论，其他人如John Searle (1969年提出)等，不管是提出或是进一步阐述该理论，都是在John Austin之后，对比不应有什么怀疑。故选择B。
2006年
38.（考察点：main branches of linguistics) What essentially distinguish- es semantics and pragmatics is the notion of
A. Reference B. Meaning C. Antonymy D. Context 答案：D。
解析：A. Reference即所指，指一种语言形式在现实世界中指代的事物，主要研究语言元素和非语言经验世界之间的关系;C. Antonymy即反义词。再观题意Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language,而pragmatics is the study of meaning in context。在没语境的情况下研究语言的意义是语义学的主要任务。在有语境的情况下研究语言的意思是语用学的主要课题。故选择D。
39. （考察点：meaning）The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples of
A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms C. emotive synonym D. collocational synonyms 答案：B。
解析：A. dialectal synonyms指地域同义词：意义相同，但用在不同的方言中。E.g. (BE) autumn VS (AE) fall；B. stylistic synonyms指风
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