语言学专八考研真题及答案(2)

2019-03-16 20:58

湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业

格同义词:意义相同,但风格不同,有的正式,有的随意,有的中性。(e.g. 口头语、常用语和书面语);C. emotive synonym指感情色彩不同的同义词,词义相近但又有不同的感情色彩,如褒义、贬义或中性; D. collocational synonyms搭配同义词,由于词语的搭配而形成的同义词。E.g. “be charge with” 和“ be accused of”。题目中Kid指小孩,child指孩子,offspring指子孙,其实都是同样的,只是正式程度不同。故选择B。

40. (考察点:人物)The distinction between parole and langue was made by

A. Halliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure 答案:D。

解析:A. Holliday韩礼德是系统功能语法的代表人物;

B. Chomsky乔姆斯基区分的是competence 和 performance语言能力指理想语言 使用者关于语言规则的知识储备;语言运用指真实的语言使用者在实际场景中的语言使用;

C. Bloomfield 布龙菲尔德是结构主义的代表人物,认为语言学是心理学的分支,重视行为主义;

D. Saussure索绪尔把“语言”和“言语”区分开来语言指语言系统的整体,这个整体相对是比较稳定的;言语则指代某个个体在实际语言使用环节中说出的具体话语。

再观题意parole and langue指言语和语言,其区分者是

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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业

Saussure。故选择D。

2007年

38. (考察点:main branches of linguistics)_______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics 答案:B。

解析:A. Phonology(音系学)studies the rules governing the structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables,研究语音和音节的构成、分布和排列规则;

B. Morphology(形态学)is concerned with the internal organization of words,涉及词的内在结构;

C. Semantics(语义学)is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences,研究语言中语义是如何编码的;

D. Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)is the study of the characteristics of language varieties,the characteristics of their functions,and the characteristics of their speakers, 研究各种语言变体的特征、它们的功能特征和语言使用者特征。

那么研究词的内部结构和构词规则的是形态学。故选择B。 39. (考察点:main branches of linguistics and macro linguistics) The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT

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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业

A. Lexical B. Syntactic C. Phonological D. Psycholinguistic 答案:D。

解析:speech variety语言变体(e.g英式和美式英语)

A. Lexical(词汇的;字汇的)means relating to the words of a language;

B. Syntactic(句法的)is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language , or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure;

C. Phonological(音韵学的)studies the rules governing the structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables;

D. Psycholinguistic(心理语言学)investigates the interrelation of language and mind,研究语言和大脑的相互关系。

Lexical,syntactic和phonological都是语言学的主要分支,而Psycholinguistic属宏观语言学。故选择D。

40. (考察点:meaning) The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of

A. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaning C. meaning shift D. loss of meaning

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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业

答案:A。

解析:widening of meaning词义扩大,引伸。以lady一词为例,它以前仅仅指\女主人\。后来指贵族太太,再后来指有教养的妇女,现在,lady可以用于指任何\女人\,是一种礼貌的用法。

2008年

38.(考察点:design feature of language)Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness. B. Displacement. C. Duality. D. Diachronism. 答案:D。

解析:Arbitrariness(任意性),displacement(移位性),duality(二层性),diachronism(历时性)。Design feature of human language包括arbitrariness(任意性),displacement(移位性),duality(二层性)和creativity(创造性),而diachronism(历时性)不是语言学的特征,故选择D。

39.(考察点:sentence structure)What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction,but Tim is interested in poetry.”?

A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence.

C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above. 答案:B。

解析:并列句but连接两个分句。A simple sentence(简单句),句子只

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湖北工业大学11级英语专业语言学作业

包含一个主谓结构;a coordinate sentence(并列句),句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结,如and,but等;a complex sentence(复合句),句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构,但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的成分,就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。故选择B。

40.(考察点:meaning&sense relation )The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called

A. Hyponymy B. Synonymy C. Polysemy D. homonymy. 答案:D。

解析:A. Hyponymy(上下义关系):a hyponymy is a word or phrase whose semantic range is included within that of another word,下义词是事物的具体表现形式或更为具体的说明,如A family usually includes father, mother and child;

B. Synonymy(同义关系):refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning,如Sobs shook her slender frame.她抽泣著,苗条的身体都在颤动。A slender smile still flickered across her face.她脸上闪过一丝微笑。

C. Polysemy(多义关系):.a term used to refer to a lexical item which has a range of different meanings如:Give me a hand, please.He is a new hand;

D. Homonymy(异义关系):words identical both in sound and

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