出题者就希望我们考生能够读懂空格前句的内容和空格后句的内 容,以及顺着空格所在的段落的内容。语境的内容,然后才判断答案,其实有一 些技巧可寻,如果借助这些技巧的话,也至少能够拿到四到六分左右的分数。再 排下来,我会做概括大意和完成句子 概括大意和完成句子,主要利用答题技巧,这个部分也应该能够 概括大意和完成句子 四分到六分的分数。这样大概算一算,应该可以过了! (我们的目标不就是 60 分万岁吗! )我绝对建议大家要将整套试卷答满,因为咱们中国人讲究圆满!即 使你心里很美,一看,今年我肯定已经过了!但以防万一,别掉以轻心,一定要 把最后一题完成: 阅读判断! 这个题其实不难, 阅读判断 一般我建议大家利用技巧来答题, 只是它是来自书外的题,而且每道题的分值比较低,每题只有一分,所以建议大 家放在最后来做,另外即使没有时间,我全选 A 或者是 B,通常能拿到最少两 分,最多四分的分数。 另外,还有一些细节需要提醒大家,我们常说:成败在于细节! 另外,还有一些细节需要提醒大家,我们常说:成败在于细节! 有的同学认为有字典就不需要做准备,不需要背一些词汇, 有的同学认为有字典就不需要做准备,不需要背一些词汇,只要到考场上翻字 典就行了,你们觉得行吗? 典就行了,你们觉得行吗? 字典只是你的一副拐杖,不能什么时候都用。整场考试下来, 字典只是你的一副拐杖,不能什么时候都用。整场考试下来,查字典的时间不 分钟,否则会影响其它题目的完成! 分钟内完成; 能超过 10 分钟,否则会影响其它题目的完成!词汇题要在 10 分钟内完成;阅 读理解,即使分值重,题目多, 分钟; 分钟; 读理解,即使分值重,题目多,也最多花 50--60 分钟;完形填空 1015 分钟; 分钟;尤其是阅读判断, 剩余的三大题加在一起不要超过 20 分钟;尤其是阅读判断,如果没有时间就全 分钟涂卡,涂卡是经常容易被考生忽视的, 蒙 A、或者全蒙 B,最后至少保证 10 分钟涂卡,涂卡是经常容易被考生忽视的, 、 , 所以请考生注意一定要留下时间涂卡。要想有一个好的时间观念, 所以请考生注意一定要留下时间涂卡。要想有一个好的时间观念,平常做题时 一定要看表。最好,在考试前一周做两套左右的题目,一口气, 一定要看表。最好,在考试前一周做两套左右的题目,一口气,按两个小时标 准。 重点推荐文章! 重点推荐文章! 综合类: 综合类: A.阅读理解文章(共 8 篇) 阅读理解文章( 阅读理解文章 : Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 第 2 篇: (C 级)(***) 第 5 篇:Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens (C 级)(***) 第 34 篇:Career With a Uniform (B 级)(***) 第 35 篇:Dorm Food More Comfy (B 级)(**) 第 38 篇:Immigration and Problems (B 级)(**) 第 44 篇:Americans Get Touchy (A 级) (***) 第 45 篇:Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer (A 级)(**) 第 50 篇:Older Volcanic Eruptions (A 级)(**) B.完形填空文章: 共 4 篇) 完形填空文章: 完形填空文章 (共 ( 第 6 篇:Reform on the Road (C 级)(***) 第 9 篇:Freezing to Death for Beauty (C 级)(***) 6
第 11 篇:On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of??(B 级)(***) 第 14 篇:Sex Change Survey Guidelines Drafted (A 级)(***) 理工类: 理工类: A.阅读理解文章(共 8 篇) 阅读理解文章( 阅读理解文章 : 第 3 篇:Citizen Scientists(C 级)(***) 第 6 篇:Arctic Melt(C 级)(***) 第 33 篇:Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive (B 级)(***) 第 35 篇:Putting Plants to Work(B 级)(**) 第 38 篇:Night of the Living Ants(B 级)(**) 第 46 篇:How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence(A 级)(**) 第 49 篇:U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars(A 级)(***) 第 50 篇:Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities(A 级)(***) B.完形填空文章: 共 5 篇) 完形填空文章: 完形填空文章 (共 ( 第 2 篇:Avalanche and Its Safety (C 级)(**) 第 3 篇:Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead (C 级)(***) 第 12 篇:The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints(B 级)(***) 第 13 篇:Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out(A 级)(***) 第 15 篇:Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity(A
级)(***) 卫生类: 卫生类: A.阅读理解文章(共 6 篇) 阅读理解文章( 阅读理解文章 : 第 5 篇:U.S. Eats Too Much Salt (C 级)(***) 第 9 篇:U.S. To Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January (C 级)(**) 第 18 篇:Human Heart can Make New Cells(B 级)(***) 第 25 篇:Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements(B 级)(**) 第 34 篇:Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much(A 级)(***) 第 50 篇:15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder(A 级)(***) B.完形填空文章: 共 6 篇) 完形填空文章: 完形填空文章 (共 ( 第 2 篇:8 New York Students Have Swine Flu (C 级)(***) 第 5 篇:Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence (C 级)(**) 第 7 篇:Nurse! I want My Mummy(B 级)(**) 第 9 篇:Many Women Who Beat Cancer don't Change Habits(B) ) (***) 7
第 12 篇:Skin Cancer Now Top Cancer Among Young Women in UK(A 级)(***) 第 15 篇:Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head?(A 级)** 阅读理解和完形填空将作为重要的内容从下午开始介绍。接下来, 阅读理解和完形填空将作为重要的内容从下午开始介绍。接下来,我想以历年 真题为主介绍两种题型以及他们的解题技巧: 概括大意和完成句子 概括大意和完成句子; 补全短 真题为主介绍两种题型以及他们的解题技巧:1.概括大意和完成句子;2.补全短 文。 请注意,这两种题型在讲解时不分级别, 只是希望大家注意解题思路和方法。 请注意,这两种题型在讲解时不分级别,我只是希望大家注意解题思路和方法。 概括大意和完成句子题型( 1.概括大意和完成句子题型(卷面第 3 题) 概括大意和完成句子题型 A.概括大意出题特点 概括大意出题特点 通常指定的段落中有些段落含有明显主题句(段落主题句常直接位于段落开头部 分,有时也可能位于段落中间或段落结尾部分);有些段落没有明显主题句,段 落主题需要考生自己总结概括。 B.完成句子出题特点 完成句子出题特点 1.完成句子题所对应的被选项通常语法结构一致:同为短语结构(形容词短语结 构,不定式短语结构.分词短语结构,介词短语结构,名词性短语结构)或同为 从句结构; 2.完成句子题的考点呈现多样性:可能涉及到对书面英语中常见语法结构的考 察(如各种从句,被动语态,非渭语动词结构,虚拟语气等),也可能对属于固定 搭配的常见短语进行考察,还可能考察考生的阅读能力(如与问题相关信息的查 找和确认能力.总结概括能力,理解上下文意义关系的能力等); 概括大意答题技巧: 概括大意答题技巧: A:“主题词确认法” “主题词确认法” : 首先关注整个段落中是否有明显重复出现 明显重复出现的词语或结构, 如果有重复出现的词语 明显重复出现 /结构,且贯穿整个段落出现,或至少出现 2 次及 2 次以上,尤其出现在段落开 头或结尾处的句子中,则该词语/结果就是所在段落的主题词,而段落的主题句 应该包含段落主题词; B: 主题句确认法” : 主题句确认法” “ : 关注段落开头部分的语句, 尤其需要关注段首句: 如果段首句是观点句, 概括句, 定义性的句子,或陈述某个研究者/研究机构的发言或研究发现,则该段首句可 能就是其所在段落的主题句。 如果段落开头没有明显主题句,则可关注段落部分,如果段落结尾部分有明显的 观点句,概括句,或定义性的句子,或者段末句陈述某个研究者/研究机构的发 言或研究发现,则位于段末的这类句子可能是其所在段落的主题句。 C: 段落细节确认法” : 段落细节确认法” “ 段落中的典型例子共同揭示的信息往往直接反映文章主题。 8
完成句子答题技巧 完成句子题主要考察考生在文章中进行细节信息的查找及确认的能力, 有时也可 能考察考生总结概括能力及理解上下文意义关系的能力。 考生需要找出空格前面 句子中出现的特征词(专有名词,数词)和描述细节信息的词语与结构(如:时间/ 地点/条件/原因状语,表示人及事物名称的词语),利用这些词语与结构作为 答案线索,在文章中找到与之相呼应的语句(答案相关句),对比答案相关句与问 题句的结构和句意,判断答案。 例题: Chimpanzees 1 Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) will soon be extinct (灭绝). If the
present rate of hunting and habitat (栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意) for the survival of their distant relatives — human beings. 2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes (基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3 The chimpanzees' trump card (王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians (兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4 For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 9
5
By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing (找到) the
place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration (改 变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23Paragraph 1 24Paragraph 2 25aragraph 3 26Paragraph 4 A: Reasons for HIV resistance B: Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans C: Effective AIDs treatment D: Genetic similarities between chimps and humans E: Chimps' resistance to HIV F: Genetic differences between chimps and humans 27: Chimpanzee extinction may affect 28: There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29:Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30:The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A: some human disease treatments B: some diseases C: human survival 生存 D: human genomes E: key areas F: healthier lifestyle 解题: 解题: 23Paragraph 1 10
24Paragraph 2 25aragraph 3 26Paragraph 4 A: Reasons(原因) for HIV resistance(抵抗、反抗) B: Implications of chimpanzee extinction(灭绝,和 extinct 是同根词) for humans C: Effective(有效的) AIDs treatment(治疗) 。 D: Genetic similarities(相似之处) between chimps and humans E: Chimps' resistance to HIV F: Genetic differences(不同、区别) between chimps and humans 看第 1 段: 1 Chimpanzees (黑猩猩 will soon be extinct (灭绝 If the 黑猩猩) 灭绝). 黑猩猩 灭绝 present rate of hunting and habitat (栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will
be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But (转折概念的连词,重要! )this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意 for the survival ( 生存 ) of their 含意) 生存) 含意 distant relatives — human beings. 该段的内容同 B 选项相似。 B: Implications of chimpanzee extinction(灭绝,和 extinct 是同根词) for humans。 看第 2 段: In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered 『that the human and chimpanzee genomes (基因组) match by over 98%. 』Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar(该词是 similarity 的同根 ( 词。 to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well ) as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 通过 discover 的发现结果和同根词 similar 的出现,完全可以确定 D 是答案; D: Genetic similarities(相似之处) between chimps and humans。 11
看第 3 段: 3 The chimpanzees' trump card (王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians (兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet (转折概念关键词, 其后的内容将是该段的重点! chimpanzees do show ) differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 所以,只要注意划线的两个重点词汇,段义就可以得出是 F。 F: Genetic differences(不同、区别) between chimps and humans 看第 4 段: 4 For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes Aids. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 该段是第三段 difference 的具体举例说明。而第一句就是例子的概括,与剩余 答案的 E 相关。 E: Chimps' resistance to HIV 继续做完成句子题:先看题目! 继续做完成句子题:先看题目! 27: Chimpanzee extinction may affect(动词,影响) 28: There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29: Scientists suspect(怀疑) that genes play a significant(重要的, 相当于 important) role in protecting chimps from getting 30:The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A: some human disease treatments(一些人类的疾病的治疗) B: some diseases(一些疾病) C: human survival(人类的生存) D: human genomes(人类的基因组) E: key areas(关键的领域) F: healthier lifestyle(健康的生活方式) 在做该部分题目时,别忽略了我们在前一部分对主要段落的理解, 在做该部分题目时,别忽略了我们在前一部分对主要段落的理解,以及主要的 句子表达! 句子表达! 27: Chimpanzee extinction may affect(动词,影响) 该题是说:黑猩猩的灭绝可能会影响到: 12
大家还应该记得这样的句子的表达来自于第一段: Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意) for the survival of their distant relatives — human beings. 所以只要大家找到了句子, 所以只要大家找到了句子,答案很容易确定应该是 C。 。 28: There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 题目是说:在黑猩猩和之间有 2%的差异。 大家还记得在第 2 段第一句话是:In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes
(基因组) match by over 98%. (在人类和黑猩猩的基因组有 98% 是匹配的,言外之意是 2%是不同的。 ) 所以答案是 D。 。 29: Scientists suspect(怀疑) that genes play a significant(重要的, 相当于 important) role in protecting chimps from getting 题目是说:科学家怀疑在保护黑猩猩远离方面基因起着重要的作用。 该题有难度。最后答案是出现在第五段: scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. 所以答案是 B。 30:The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to 题目是:黑猩猩基因密码的发现将对。。是有帮助的。 。 该题的答案也是在第五段:This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. 所以答案是 A: some human disease treatments(一些人类的疾病的治疗)
2.补全短文题型解题技巧 补全短文题型解题技巧 一、题型要求 职称英语补全短文题型是给出一篇300-450词的短文, 要求应试者根据文章的 内容从文章后面的6段文字中选择5段文字, 将其放回文章预留的5处空白位置, 以恢复文章原貌。这种职称英语题型重在考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者 这种职称英语题型重在考查应试者把握文章结构、 这种职称英语题型重在考查应试者把握文章结构 思路的能力。这是一种较高层次的阅读理解能力, 思路的能力。这是一种较高层次的阅读理解能力,要求考生能够从宏观的角度 把握文章的内容和结构,要想做好这类职称英语题,必须从语篇的角度,搞清 楚文章的脉络,吃透文章的意思。 二、解题技巧 13
补全短文是职称英语六大题型中最难的一种题型,在做这种题型时要先预测选 项,注意抓选项主干,猜测选项的大致意思,同时要注意连词,代词,名词, 连词, 连词 代词,名词, 形容词,副词等的出现。之后回到原文中看看空白处所在的位置,如果是在段 形容词,副词 首句,也许意味着是中心主题句,如果是在段尾句,也许意味着是中心主题句 或是细节论述,如果是在段中,也许意味着是细节论述。最后根据空白处的前 后句的意思,按先易后难的顺序将原文恢复原貌。做完之后在把文章看一遍, 检查一下所填的顺序是否符合文章二下文的要求。 例题分析: 例题分析: Farmers’ Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from develops that their father worked on since he was 14.(46) “You don’t often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep price down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,” she said. “There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!” Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire.(47) “I’m sure dad hoped I’d stay,” he said. “I guess it’s a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn’t appeal. For young, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world.” For Robinson, farming doesn’t offer much “in terms of money or lifestyle.” Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rewards: “providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature.” Farming is a big political issue in the UK.(48) The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue. This national concern spells (带来) hopes for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets.(49) “I started going to Farmers’ Markets in direct defiance (蔑视) of the big supermarkets.(50) It’s terrible,” said Londoner Michael Samson. A.But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land. B.While most people buy food from the big supermarkets,