3) another表示不定数目中的“另一个或类似的下个（人或物）”，还可与数词连用，表示“再，
又”的意思。例如：
How about another cup of tea？
The strike may last another two weeks. 7. one
1) one只可用于指代可数名词，其复数形式是ones。例如：
If you can't find your pen，use the one on the table.
What nice shirts！which one／ones shall we buy？ 词所有格后面。例如：
His knife seems sharper than mine.（不能用 my one代替mine）
They don't like this town；they want very much to go back to their own.（不能用 * their own one代替their own 或 their own country）
但是，当one／ones前面还带有形容词时，则例外。如： Have you any knives？I need a sharp one. My old dictionary isn't as good as John's new one． 3) the／this／that one与that：
that可以指代不可数名词，而one不能。如：
The weather in Wuhan is much warmer than that in Tianjing. （that不能用the one取代） that后面常接of短语，例如：
This dictionary is more expensive than that one.（that one＝that dictionary. one一般不省略） The window of your room is much bigger than that of mine.（that＝the window，它后面有of短语，一般不用the one替代）
有时候the one和that可以互相取代，如：
The gold ring is in that box --- the one（＝that）with the key in the lock.
4) one可以泛指人，相当于you，we，people，其所有格为one's。例如：
One should do one's／his duty．
2) one／ones通常不能直接用在their，my，his等物主代词以及a（n），own，several和名
数 词
1. 拼法需要当心的序数词
在first，second和third之后的序数词都由基数词加 -th构成，但要注意以下拼法略有变化： twentieth， thirtieth， 2. 序号的表示
1) 基数词放在名词之后，通常写作阿拉伯数，如：
page 4（P.4）读作page four Room301读作room three O [ou] one Tel No.864412读作telephone number eight six double four one two
the Eighth Lesson（＝Lesson Eight） the First Middle School（＝Middle School No. 1）
fortieth…
fifth eighth ninth twelfth..
2) 序数词放在名词之前，通常前面要加定冠词．如： 3. 数词后面的名词用单数还是用复数
表示计量时，基数词后面的名词用复数形式，但是在带有数字的复合名词（常用作定语）里，
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名词只用单数形式。试比较： They baby is only six moths old. I have five pounds.
This is a six-moth-old baby. I have a five-pound note.
4. hundreds / thousands / millions of + 名词复数
hundred, thousand和million后加 –s与of连用，表示“数百、数千、数百万”。 He has bought hundreds of books this year.
Thousands of seagulls arrived to help the farmers save their crops. 5. dozen和score
用法与hundred, thousand, million基本相似dozens of和scores of均表示“几十个”。但有以下几点区别：
1) 在接具体名词复数时dozen后不加of，而score常与of连用。如：
two dozen books two score (of)books 2) 若名词被限定词限定，dozen后应加of，接宾格代词亦如此。
three dozen of those (the, my, those) books
6. 表示不定数量的常用单词和词组
three dozen of them
这些单词或词组与名词的搭配关系见下表
用于可数名词 (a) few fewer (the) fewest a (great) number of many several hundreds of dozens of 1) (a) few 和(a) little
a few和a little与some的意思较接近，表示“有几个；有一点”。few和little则表示“几乎没有（＝ almost none）”的意思。试比较：
She doesn’t seem very friendly； she has few friends。 （not many friends）
Although she has been here only a short time, she has made a few friends. (some friends)
I can’t make a pie because there is little sugar. (not much sugar) There is a little sugar for your coffee. (some sugar) 2) 用fewer还是用less
从理论上讲few的比较级形式fewer用于复数名数前；little的比较级形式less用于不可
数名词前，但是在现代英语中，尤其是在非正式场合下，也常用less代替fewer；例如： If on1y there were fewer／less holes in the roof？ 3) many ＋ a ＋ 名词单数
many a后接可数名词单数形式，表示“好些；许多”，多用于书面语或演讲中。
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用于不可数名词 a bit of (a) little less (the) least a great deal (amount) of much 用于可数名词和不可数名词 all plenty of a lot of; lots of enough more; most some; any Many a young man has had such a chance. (动词用has) many a time则看作是固定词组，表示“多次”。 That’s happened to me many a time.
巩固训练
1. The coat is not mine. It must be ________.
A. someone else’s
B. someone’s else
C. someone else
D. someone’s else’s
2. The question is whether ________ will volunteer (自愿) to do the work unpaid.
A. one B. anyone C. someone D. none 3. He lives in that ________ house.
A. green big wooden A. each other A. today’s work A. she and I A. they A. it A. me A. one
B. big green wooden B. each others B. today work B. her and I B. it B. this B. my B. one’s
C. wooden big green C. each other’s C. work of today C. her and me C. one C. that C. I C. their
D. wooden green big D. each’s other D. todays’ work D. she and me D. which D. one D. mine D. her
4. We should point out ________ shortcomings. 5. Don’t leave ________ to tomorrow.
6. The teacher asked ________ to have a dialogue in English.
7. The Parkers brought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. 8. I think ________ important to learn English well. 9. He is a friend of ________.
10. One should support ________ family. 11. — Which do you like to have, fish or chicken?
— I’m afraid ________ will do. A. either A. both of them A. from
B. neither B. either of them B. of
C. none C. all of them C. in
D. both D. they all D. at
12. The two shirts are nice. I will take ________ for a change. 13. The home improvements have taken what little my spare time.
14. They all don’t like being treated like that. The sentence means ________.
A. All of them like being treated like that. C. Not all of them like being treated like that. A. one A. he
B. the other B. him
B. None of them like being treated like that. D. No one likes being treated like that. C. either D. much
D. another D. himself
15. These two pairs of shoes don’t fit me. I’d like to see ________ pair. 16. He went there to see what was the matter for ________. 17. He told me he couldn’t walk ________ far.
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A. it A. some A. it A. one A. other
B. that B. no B. that B. it B. another
C. more C. more C. one C. that C. some
D. any D. any D. this D. those D. any
18. Are you feeling ________ better?
19. My old TV set broke down. I have to buy a new ________. 20. The climate here is hotter than ________ of Beijing. 21. We need ________ five people to finish the work in time. 22. — Can I have the other egg?
— I’m afraid not. Tom has had ________. A. it A. it A. each A. Two-thirds
B. one B. one B. all B. Two-third
C. that C. some C. every C. Second-three
D. this D. that D. both D. Second-threes
23. Was ________ in the First World War that he was killed?
24. I asked all my classmates the same question, and they ________ gave me a different answer. 25. ________ of the students passed the exam.
26. My father began to learn Russian, when he was already in ________.
A. the 1920, the sixties B. 1920s, his sixty A. a seventh A. dozen of A. thirtieth
B. the seventh B. dozens B. thiety
C. the 1920s, his sixties D. the 1920’s, his sixty C. seventh C. dozen C. thirty’s
D. seven D. dozens of C. thirties
27. Although he has failed six times, he will try ________ time.
28. Shortly after the accident, two ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order. 29. The hero of the story is an artist in his ________. 30. $2.95 may be read as ________ or two ninety five.
A. two dollar ad ninety five cents C. two dollars and ninety five cents
B. two dollars and ninety five cent D. two dollar and ninety five cent
1—10. ABBCA CBADB 11—20. BABCD DBDCC 21—30. BAAAA CACCC
四、关于倍数表达的一个问题
在英语学习中涉及到倍数问题时, 常见以下三种倍数表达的基本句型: (1) This street is four times the 1ength of that one.
这条街是那条街的四馆长。(这条街比那条街长三倍。) (2) This box is three times as heavy as that one.
这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。 (这个箱子比那个箱子重两倍。)
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(3)The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.
会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。(会议室是我们办公桌的四倍大。)
句型(1)和句型(2)人们并不难以理解; 同学们也很容易接受,因为它们很符合汉语的翻译习惯。但是, 句型(3)笔者却认为汉语译文是错误的。
句型(3)的译法在我国英语界的一些书刊杂志上说法都不一致,似乎没有定论。有的译为 \是...的三倍大\有的译为\比...大三倍\。甚至一些语法书、工具书和词典都相互矛盾,举几例如下: A pen is three times more expensive than a pencil.
\钢笔比铅笔贵三倍\详见陈胥华的《英汉对译指导》P.366,湖北教育出版社1981年6月1版。 Output of chemical fertilizer was more than 2.5 times greater. \化肥产量增长了 1.5倍(以上)\详见张道真《实用英语语法》P.102, 1979年8月修订2版。 Our county's agricultural output is 11 per cent higher than that of last year.
\我县农业总产值比去年增长百分之十一。\详见薄冰、赵德鑫合编的《英语语法手册》1978年6月修订2版(商务印书馆)。
其实,句型(1)、(2)、(3)的三种表达法都属同一种译法,没有任何区别。在使用句型(3)时, 产生翻译错误的原因不外乎人们认为句中含有 \而根据汉语习惯去翻译, 但在英语国家里绝不会出现这种混淆现象。
费致德先生在《现代英语惯用法词典》(1981年7月1版,商务印书馆)中也强调句型(1)、(2)、(3)所表达的是相同的数量概念.。详见该词典第795页:
1. A比B差不多大三倍的表达方式有下列三种, 其中C项有些语法学家认为不对, 但现已广泛使用。
a. A is about three times as large/big as B. b. A is about three times the size of B. c. A is about three times larger than B.
费致德先生肯定了这三种句型是同一种意思。但遗憾的是他将 \是B的三倍\也误写为 \比...大三倍\如果据此对照去译,便与句型 (1) 和 (2) 相矛盾。
为了进一步证明这一问题, 笔者又写信给上海外国语学院, 向《新编英语语法》主编章振邦教授请教了这一问题，章教授在回信中说：
按照英语国家的表达习惯，five times as... as/five times more /five times greater than所表达的是相同的数量概念,就拿你讨论的句子为例:
This street is four times the length of that one. = This street is four times as long as that one. = This street is four times longer than that one. = This street is four-fold longer than that one. = This street is 300%longer than that one. (这条街比那条街长三倍/百分之三百。)
这就是说, 表达倍数若用...times或fold则不论何种句型中都表示包括基数100%在内, 所以\都只表示\长三倍\但若在\结构中用百分比则表示净增数(见上例中最后一句)。所以: \译成汉语时应该是\是B的三倍大\或者 \比B大两倍\。
据以上种种例证和专家详细的解释, 我们可以得出结论, 本文开头的例句 (3) 的汉语译句是
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