故意输掉比赛 throw a game 赢下比赛 take a game 操纵比赛 fix a game 扭转比赛 turn a game ?
concentration
分散某人注意力 break one’s concentration 抓住某人注意力 catch one’s concentration 吸引某人的注意力 drawn one’s concentration 失去某人的注意力 lose one’s concentration
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单纯动词解决事故动词无法表达的东西
他转而把气撒在狗身上。He turned the anger on his dog.
他试图让我妹妹掉头反对我。He tried to turn my sister against me.
他看上去和其他孩子不大合群。He doesn’t seem to fit in with the other children. 这个产品能帮我们打开上海市场。This product will help us to break into Shanghai market. 只有两天假期可以延到下一年。Only two day of vacation can be carried over into next year. 我们的报告是今天早上才匆匆写成的。Our report was thrown together this morning. 他因为与老师顶嘴惹下了麻烦。He got in trouble for talking back to his teacher.
6.2.2 世故动词
世故型动词，本身就很有内涵，自给自足，不愿和别的词交朋友，用法单一。
drown - 淹死 他淹死在河里了。He was drowned in river. 没有必要在后面加“死”这个字了 afford - 有钱、有能力、买东西 to have enough money to be able to buy something 我们可以买车了。We can afford a car.
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举例 enjoy & suffer
enjoy 和 suffer 都是 have 的下义词，词义相反。解释如下： enjoy：to have something that is good to you suffer：to have something that is bad to you
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enjoy
拥有主场优势 enjoy home advantages 有草根支持 enjoy grass roots support 享有超能力 enjoy super ability 享有健康 enjoy good heath 有好名声 enjoy good reputation
从事有成就的职业 enjoy a successful career
拥有良好的关系 enjoy a warm relationship 享受高标准的生活 enjoy a high standard of living 每年有40天的带薪假 enjoy 40 days’ paid holiday a year ?
suffer
咳嗽 suffer a cough 头疼 suffer headache 发烧 suffer a fever 受惩罚 suffer punishment 蒙受损失 suffer a loss
遭受空气污染 suffer air pollution 遭受地震 suffer an earthquake 遇到车祸 suffer a car accident 遭受火灾 suffer a fire
得到糟糕的服务 suffer poor service
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世故型动词与中文词汇相似，大部分世故型动词与中文词汇存在着意义上的对应关系
设计 design、 移民 immigrate、安排 arrange、
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两词并一词
try 和 want 语义强烈，以至于可以省掉后面的动词 门是用来推的，意见是用来听的，英语能省则省
We tried to push the door, but it was locked. – We tried the door, but it was locked. Do you want to hear my advice? – Do you want my advice?
你可以打她手机试试 （省略了 to call） You can try her mobile phone. 要不要尝尝我做的汤？（省略了 to taste） Would you like to try my soup?
我跑了6家书店才找到那本书。（省略了 to go to）I tried six stores before I found the book. 生日那天我想收到他的礼物。（省略了 to receive）I want his gift for my birthday. 我希望你能下个保证。（省略了 to make）I want your promise. 她想生个孩子。（省略了 to make）She wants a baby.
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start
孩子们下周开学。（省略了 to go to）The children start school next week. 让我们新开一瓶葡萄酒吧！（省略了 to drink）Let’s start a new bottle of wine! 到开始做作业的时间了。（省略了 to do）It’s time to start your homework. ?
expect
我期望能接到他的电话。（省略了 to receive）I’m expecting a call from him. 你希望有多少人来访？（省略了 to come）How many visitors are you expecting.
别指望从我这儿得到同情！（省略了 to give）Don’t expect sympathy from me!
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及物动词 & 不及物动词 （忽略了动词另外一种动词形式）
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fly 不及物动词
小鸟在飞。The bird is flying. 风筝在飞。The kite is flying. ?
fly 及物动词
放风筝。Fly the kite. ?
write 及物动词
我在写信。I’m writing a letter. ?
write 不及物动词
这笔写不出字。This pen won’t write.
The water is boiling. / Boil the water
He is working. / He is working the coffee machine. The shoes hurt me. / The shoes hurt.
The hot coffee burns my mouth. / The coffee burns. This sweater washes well. / Wash clothes.
My company pays me a lot of money. / My company pays well. Copying will cost you a lot of money. / Copying costs. He shares everything with me. / Kids don’t share.
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名词当动词用
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
rain dream salt water color pocket milk bottle price list
下列名字做动词的意思
ice oil paper parent program tax team wall head chest shoulder elbow position angle cap cash detail heat license sugar shape sun air bag boss
6.3 形容词
形容词占所有词汇的四分之一，这里只列出跟名词对应的各个类别，每个类别分属性、构成的描述，再往下细分。
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描述属性的形容词容易理解，描述构成的形容词不容易理解，解释如下：
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描述物的组成
是否有热量（heat）：hot warm cold cool 是否有水分（water）：dry wet 是否有光线（light）：bright dark dull 是否有声音（sound）：loud noisy ?
描述人或动物的组成
是否有食物（food）：hungry 是否有水分（water）：thirsty 是否有疾病（disease）：ill 是否有孩子（baby）：pregnant 是否有信心（confidence）：confident 是否有金钱（money）：rich poor ?
there be / somebody have / something have
The cake is dry. / There’s not much water in the cake. The room is dark. / There’s little light in the room. He is ill. / He has a disease.
She is pregnant. / She has a baby in the stomach. He is rich. / He has a lot money.
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天生的形容词只有几个
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名词生成的形容词
构成类的形容词，表示有或者无
有一些
bloody cloudy windy skinny stormy tricky dirty 有很多
careful useful powerful hopeful fruitful helpful colorful skillful 没有
careless useless powerless hopeless fruitless helpless homeless worthless
属性类的形容词，表示状态或属性
像什么
foolish childish selfish girlish ladylike birdlike businesslike 具备某种属性
traditional social cultural accidental magical logical practical political historical
? 动词生成的形容词 表示某种能力
exciting surprising interesting relaxing alarming amazing attractive 表示某种状态
excited surprised interested relaxed alarmed frozen limited related
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精确形容词 和 简单形容词加程度副词
big/ small，good/ bad，deep/ shallow，分别代表属性的两个方向。
good：great wonderful fabulous bad：awful terrible
big（大） huge（庞大） giant（巨大）
small（小） mini（袖珍） slight（一点） tiny（极小） beautiful（漂亮） gorgeous（太漂亮） stunning（绝美） strange（奇怪） unusual（有点奇怪） bizarre（非常奇怪） silly（傻） stupid（很傻） ridiculous（太傻） absurd（荒唐） scary（吓人的） horrible（可怕的） creepy（毛骨悚然）
a little/ very/ extremely 三个副词修饰简单形容词，就表达不同程度的描述
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有的形容词只是表达了“有”或者“无”
麻木的 numb
My leg is numb.
My leg doesn’t have feeling My leg lost it’s feeling
裸体的 naked
She is naked.
There’re no clothes on her. She doesn’t wear any clothes.
匿名的 anonymous [ ??nɑ:n?m?s ]
an anonymous letter
a letter without the writer’s name
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书面形容词，可以用口语词汇代替
口语 smart far 书面语 intelligent remote