湖 北 汽 车 工 业 学 院 毕 业 论 文
摘要
传动系的故障是汽车发动机故障的常见故障，而离合器的故障在传动系故障中占有很大比例，然而诊断离合器的故障是一项技术性很强的工作。虽然离合器的故障时常发生，但是故障往往不能得到很好的排除。因此，有必要对离合器常见故障的诊断与排除方法作一介绍，针对离合器常见的几种故障进行具体分析，并给出排除故障的详细措施。但前提是首先要了解离合器的基本构造等，才能正确分析离合器出现故障的原因，并及时排除，从而达到维修的目的。
关键字：离合器，常见故障，诊断与排除，维修
I
湖 北 汽 车 工 业 学 院 毕 业 论 文
Abstract
Transmission failure is a common fault automobile engine failure, and failure in the transmission clutch failure in a large proportion, however, the fault diagnosis of the clutch is a highly technical work. Although the frequent failure of the clutch, but the failure often can not be well ruled out. Therefore, it is necessary to clutch fault diagnosis and troubleshooting for an introduction, several common failure for the clutch specific analysis, and gives details of troubleshooting measures. But the premise is to first understand the basic structure of the clutch, etc., can correctly analyze the reasons for failure of the clutch, and immediately removed, so as to achieve the purpose of maintenance.
Keywords: clutch, troubleshooting, diagnosis and troubleshooting, maintenance
II
湖 北 汽 车 工 业 学 院 毕 业 论 文
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................................ I Abstract................................................................................................................................... II 1 概述...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题来源................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 离合器的基本情况 .................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 离合器的构造 ................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 离合器的功用 ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 对离合器的要求............................................................................................ 3 1.2.4 摩擦式离合器的类型 ................................................................................... 3 1.2.5 离合器的原理 ................................................................................................ 3 1.2.6 离合器的自由间隙和离合器踏板的自由行程 ......................................... 4 1.3 综合分析................................................................................................................... 5 2 离合器的维修 ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 离合器的维护 .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 离合器的修理 .......................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 膜片弹簧离合器的修理 ............................................................................... 6 2.2.2 周布弹簧离合器的修理 ............................................................................... 9 2.2.3 液压操纵离合器操纵机构的修理 ............................................................10
3 离合器常见故障的诊断与排除......................................................................................12
3.1 离合器打滑 ............................................................................................................12
3.1.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................12 3.1.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................12 3.1.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................13 3.2 离合器分离不彻底 ................................................................................................15
3.2.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................15
III
湖 北 汽 车 工 业 学 院 毕 业 论 文
3.2.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................15 3.2.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................15 3.3 离合器接合不稳 ....................................................................................................17
3.3.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................17 3.3.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................17 3.3.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................18 3.4 离合器异响 ............................................................................................................19
3.4.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................19 3.4.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................19 3.4.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................20 3.5 换挡困难.................................................................................................................21
3.5.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................21 3.5.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................21 3.5.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................22 3.6 离合器分离沉重 ....................................................................................................22
3.6.1 故障现象 ......................................................................................................22 3.6.2 故障原因 ......................................................................................................22 3.6.3 故障的诊断与排除 .....................................................................................22
4 结论与展望 .......................................................................................................................24
4.1 结论 .........................................................................................................................24 4.2 存在的不足 ............................................................................................................24 4.3 展望 .........................................................................................................................25 致谢 ..........................................................................................................................................26 参考文献..................................................................................................................................27
IV
湖 北 汽 车 工 业 学 院 毕 业 论 文
1 概述
1.1 课题来源
本课题《浅析离合器常见故障的诊断与排除》来源于湖北汽车工业学院本科论文选题。
1.2 离合器的基本情况
离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，在汽车起步和变速器换挡时，暂时切断发动机与变速器的连接，以切断动力传递[3]。在汽车使用过程中，离合器的使用相当频繁，随着汽车行驶里程的增加，离合器的零件不可避免的产生磨损或损坏，致使离合器的技术状态变差而出现故障。实际使用中离合器常见的故障可以分为两类，一类是工作能力的降低；另一类是操纵性能的变坏。前者是因为压盘、从动盘等原因引起的传递发动机转矩能力的降低，致使在工作中出现异响和振动。后者是因为调整不当或零件磨损引起的离合器打滑、分离不彻底或操纵费力（换挡困难）等[5]。本文就离合器常见故障的诊断与排除作出了详细的分析与介绍。但前提是首先要了解离合器的基本构造等，才能正确分析离合器出现故障的原因，并及时排除，从而达到维修的目的。 1.2.1 离合器的构造
离合器位于发动机和变速箱之间的飞轮壳内，用螺钉将离合器总成固定在飞轮的后平面上，离合器的输出轴就是变速箱的输入轴[2]。在汽车行驶过程中，驾驶员可根据需要踩下或松开离合器踏板，使发动机与变速箱暂时分离和逐渐接合，以切断或传递发动机向变速器输入的动力。汽车从起动到行驶的整个过程中，经常需要使用离合器。离合器类似开关，接合或断离动力传递作用；因此，任何形式的汽车都有离合装置，只是形式不同而已[14]。
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