vt. 赚，挣；(因自己的成就、行为等)得到(应有的事物)；博得 ①The young man earns 10,000 dollars a year. 那个年轻人一年赚10,000美元。
②His honesty earned him great respect. 他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬。
③His bad manners earned him a blame. 他因为没有礼貌而受到责备。
④When he was still a boy of eight，he began to ____ his living by himself. A. earn B. gain C. make D. A and C
D make ／ earn one’s living都表示“谋生”。
⑤Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ____ the same pay， but Earl had more ambition. A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned
C 分析句式结构可知，该空格处的earn与Russ and Earl构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用earning作定语。
earn the same pay 挣同样的工资。 4、respect
vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重；考虑，重视
①I respect his courage. 我敬佩他的勇气。 ②I’ll respect your wishes.我会尊重你的意愿。 have ／ show respect for sb. 尊重某人 ③We should show respect for the old. 我们应尊敬长者。
④The students have great respect for their history teacher. 学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。 respectable adj. 可敬的；值得尊敬的
respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬人的；尊重人的 be respectful to sb. 尊敬某人 (pl.)敬意；问候
give ／ send one’s respects to sb. 向某人问候
⑤Give my respects to your wife. 请代我向你太太问好。
⑥Children should ____ their teachers. A. respect B. respectful C. respectable D. respect for A 本题考查respect作及物动词的用法。 ⑦____ means respecting oneself. A. Self-respected B. Self-respect C. Self-respecting D. Self-respects
B self-respecting为形容词，“自尊的， 自重的”；
self-respect为名词,“自尊，自重”，根据题干可知缺少主语。
⑧The leader was very angry because no respect was shown ____ him when he entered the room.
A. at B. of C. with D. for D show respect for sb. 尊重某人。 5、achieve
vt. 取得(胜利、成功等)，实现(目标、目的等) reach / achieve / meet one’s goal 实现某人的目标
①He hoped to achieve his goal by peaceful means. 他希望用和平方式实现自己的目标。
achievement n. [C]成就；[U] 达到，实现，成功
make an achievement (in sth.) (在某方面) 取得成就
②During his short life, he made_many scientific achievements that were to change the world significantly.
在他的短暂一生中，他取得了很多后来对世界影响深远的科技成就。
③He was awarded for the achievements he had_made_in_sports by the government.
政府奖励他在体育方面取得的成就。
④Compared to his parents’ expectation，what he ____ is ____ little. A. has achieved； far too B. achieved； far too C. has achieved； far from D. achieved； far from
A 根据题干中的时态判断第一空应用完成时；far too little指相差甚远，far from little虽然语法上正确，但意思不符合本句句意。
⑤Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved D 本题考查词义辨析。
achieve the goals 实现目标； acquire 取得，获得；
conclude 结束，下结论，订立。 6、challenging
adj. 具有挑战性的，激励的
①He is a person who likes challenging tasks. 他是一个喜欢挑战性任务的人。 challenge vt. 挑战，激励
challenge sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
②The boss challenged_us_to_finish the work as soon as possible. 老板激励我们尽快完成工作。
③I don’t care about the good salary offered by the company. What I need is a(n) ____ position.
A. creating B. awarding C. challenging D. competing
C本题考查形容词意义的区别。题意：我不在乎公司所提供的高薪。我需要的是一份挑战性的工作。
challenging意为“富有挑战性的”，符合题意，其他几项均不合题意。
7、spend vt. & vi. (spends,spent,spent) 花费 spend?on/ (in) sth. 在某事上花费??
①He spent more than one year (in) writing a short play. 他花了一年多时间写了一个短剧。
②He spent more than one year on a short play. 他在一个短剧上花了一年多时间。(不强调写完)
③He has spent one hundred yuan on the useless magazines. 他在这些无用的杂志上花了100元。 cost, take, pay, spend
cost指花费时间，金钱，付出??代价，主语须为物，或it为形式主语。 结构：It / Sth. costs (sb.) money / time (to do sth.) take指花费时间，主语多为物，或用it作形式主语。 常见结构：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 另外，take和cost有时可通用。 pay指某人花多少钱购买某物。 常见结构：sb. pays money for sth. 出钱请某人做某事，其结构为pay sb. to do sth.。 spend指花费时间或钱，须以人作主语，不接“to do”。
④It cost_me_20_dollars_to_buy the trousers. 买这条裤子花了我20美元。
⑤It took_three_hours_to_fix the washing machine. 修理那台洗衣机花了3个小时。 ⑥The work took / cost ten hours. 这项工作花费了10个小时。
⑦I paid_300_yuan_for the new bicycle. 我花了300元买了那辆新自行车。
⑧I paid_her_to_take_care_of my daughter.
我花钱请她照看我的女儿。
⑨She spent three hours in playing computer games. 她花了3个小时玩电脑游戏。 8、prepare
vt. & vi. 准备，把??准备好；使??做好准备
prepare for 为??做准备，for的宾语不是这一动作的直接承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
be prepared to do sth. (for sth.) 已做好准备做某事
prepare sb. for sth. (＝ prepare sb. to do sth.) 让某人为某事做准备 ①Mother was preparing supper when someone knocked at the door.(宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者)
妈妈正在准备晚饭，这时突然有人敲门。
②Mother is preparing a meal; we may wash our hands and prepare_for the meal. 妈妈正在准备饭菜，我们可以洗手准备吃饭。
③Will you please help me prepare_for / get everything ready for the party? 你能不能帮我为聚会做准备？
④They are_busy_preparing_to go on vacation. 他们正忙着准备去度假。
⑤The students are well prepared for the sports meeting. 学生们为运动会做好了充分的准备。
⑥The teacher prepared_the_students_for the coming exams. 老师让学生们为即将到来的考试做好准备。 (1) preparation n. 准备，预备 make preparations for 为??做准备 in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for 做?的准备，为?做准备 (2) prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的
be well prepared for=be well prepared to do 为?做好充分的准备，强调准备好这一状态