你怎么能那样对待你哥哥呢？我真为你感到羞耻。
③His wife hasn't been told the bad news yet, because he is ashamed_to_be_considered as a man good for nothing. 他还没有告诉他妻子这个坏消息，因为他为作为一个好男人而一无所有感到羞愧。 5、 辨析destroy, ruin, damage
(1)destroy 强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉。
(2)ruin 亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。
(3)damage破坏，常常是局部的，或可以修好的。
①Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects.
你也许会觉得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友？就因为它们消灭那么多的昆虫。 ②The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain. 连续不断的雨水几乎毁掉了这些农作物。 ③The storm did a_lot_of_damage to the crops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
④So far fifty thousand people have been killed and lots of have been seriously ______ in the earthquake in Haiti.
A. damaged B. destroyed C. ruined D. injured D be injured 受伤。
6、concentrate v. 集中(注意力等) concentrate on / upon 集中于??
①I'm never able to concentrate so early in the morning. 清晨这么早我一向无法集中注意力。
②Concentrate more on your work or you'll be dismissed! 集中精神工作，否则你将被解雇！ focus one’s attention on / upon 把注意力集中于
direct one’s attention to
将注意力转向 7、consider v.
consider? (to be / as)? 把??当??看； 认为??是?? consider sb. to have done sth. 认为某人做了某事 consider (doing)? 考虑(做)??
consider how / when / what?to do ( sth.)思考?? consider＋that-clause认为??
①We all consider the three astronauts (to be / as) heroes. 我们都认为这3个宇航员是英雄。
②Billy is considered to have arranged everything well for the whole journey. 比利被认为已经为整个旅行安排好了一切。
③They are considering building another library for the students. 他们正考虑为学生再建一座图书馆。
④I wonder if you have considered how to get there. 我想知道你是否考虑过如何到那里去。
⑤They considered Paris is the brain and heart of the country. 他们认为巴黎是这个国家的中枢和心脏。 consideration n. 考虑
considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体谅的 considerable adj. 相当的，可观的；重要的 considering prep. 鉴于，考虑到，顾及
⑥Considering_his_age,_the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说，这小孩阅读能力算是挺好的。
⑦My mother was considerate to give me such a considerable sum of money when I planned a journey to the South.
我的母亲是如此的体贴，在我打算去南方旅游时给了我一大笔钱。
⑧Considered_to_be the first place worth a visit, the tourist resort is attracting thousands of visitors per week.
鉴于这是最值得一游的景点，它每个星期吸引着成千上万的游客。 ⑨I bought the car at considerable expense.
我以相当大的代价买了那辆车。
⑩We must take_the_weather_into_consideration first when climbing mountains. 当登山时我们须考虑天气因素。
considering? / taking?into consideration, 现在分词短语，“考虑到??”，其逻辑主语不一定在句子中。 8、effect
n. 结果, 影响, 效果, 印象 vt. 实行, 引起, 完成 cause and effect 因果
be of no effect 无效, 没有作用, 不中用
put / bring / carry into effect 实行, 实施, 使生效, 实现 have an effect on / upon 对??有影响 come into effect 开始生效, 开始实施 take effect 生效
①Punishment had very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么效果。
②The law won't come into effect until the end of this month. 这项法律直到这个月底才会生效。 affect vt. 影响
③This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
④ A teacher has great ____ over his students. A. effort B. affect C. influence D. cause
C have influence over sb. 对??有影响力。 9、risk
vt.使??遭受危险
①The brave soldier risked his life in trying to save the old man. 那位勇敢的战士冒着生命危险试图救那位老人。 vt.冒险做??；冒着发生??的风险
②I don't think they will risk holding the conference.
我认为他们不会冒着风险去开这个会。 ③Don't risk getting your father mad. 不要冒惹你爸爸发火的风险。 n.风险
run the risk of? 冒??风险
④He is running the risk of losing his life to go there. 他正冒着生命危险前往那里。 10、count
vi. 起作用，重要，有价值 vt. 认为，看作 vt.& vi. 数，计数
①How many people in this room can fight? Children don't count. 这个房间里有多少人可以参加战斗？孩子不算 ②Don't waste money. Every penny counts. 别浪费钱，每分钱都重要。
count?as? 把??看作??(consider?to be?) count on sb. / sth.指望，依靠 count sb. in 把某人计算在内
③If you are going to carry out the plan, please count_me_in. 如果你要执行那个计划，请把我算进去。
④They count_on_foreign_investment to stimulate the economy. 他们依靠外国投资去激活经济。
⑤Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from what ____ is what they do with it. (07·湖北) A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions
A题意：学生会的钱从哪儿弄来的无关紧要，重要的是他们怎么花这些钱。count重要，相当于matter。apply应用，申请；stress强调；function起作用，都不符合语境。 11、stay
link-v. (= continue) 表示“维持某状态”，其后可跟形容词或名词作表语。
①You must get enough sleep to stay healthy. 要想保持健康就必须有足够的睡眠。 ②They stayed friends for years. 他们的友谊维持了多年。
【注意】stay作为连系动词使用时， 无被动语态也无进行时。 vi. 停留，呆在某地
③He stayed at home yesterday. 昨天他待在家里。 12、contain
vt. 包含，含有，容纳(不用于进行时态)
①I found an envelope containing a hundred a dollar bills on my way home. 回家的路上我发现了一个装有100张一美元钞票的信封。
contain意为“含有，容纳，装有”，指某物容纳在比其大的东西之内，侧重所含的量与成分。 include意为“包括，包含……在内”，指包括或容纳某物成为其整体的一部分，侧重整体与部分的对比。include常以including和included的形式出现在句子中。
②The hall can contain_200_people. 这个大厅可容纳200人。
③The basket contains all kinds of fruits. 这个篮子装有各种各样的水果。
④You can include their suggestions in your plan. 你可以把他们的建议纳入你的计划。
⑤Everybody must leave, me included(＝including me)． 所有的人，包括我在内都得走。 1、辨析hear from， hear of / about
(1)hear from sb. = receive a letter ／ telephone / call, etc. from sb. 接到某人的来信 ／ 电话等