3. 英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from www.yygrammar.com)：
表示所发生的时间 发生在主句动作之前 虚拟语气结构 (1)had + 过去分词； (2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词 与主句动作同时发生 发生在主句动作之后 例如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。 He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。 4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间 过去 现在 将来 例如：
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。 四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型：
(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural ?that?
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder?. that?
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /?. that ? (4) It worries me that?
虚拟语气结构 had + 过去分词； 过去时(be 用were ) 过去时(be 用were ) 过去时(be 用were ) would / could / might / should + 原形动词 如：
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。 It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。 五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助(from www.yygrammar.com)。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 7. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。 3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国******万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 (1) 提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？ (2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 (3) 提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 (4) 提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。
四类省略的虚拟条件句型
一、省略连词if
有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：
Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
【注】① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。
② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：
Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)
二、省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略： If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
三、省略“it+be”
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
四、省略整个条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：
I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
虚拟语气典型考题10例
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “It’s time you ________. ” A. Do
B. did
C. had
D. would
2. “I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you ________. ” A. Don’t
B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t
D. wouldn’t
3. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get
B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got
D. wouldn’t get
4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ________ something she would regret later.
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on C. was; should be operated
B. were; must be operated on D. was; be operated on
6. I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to you now. A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
7. —Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meeting?
—I would have but I ________ too busy working on the important experiment. A. had been
B. was
C. were
D. am
8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
9. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ________ put forward are turned down.
A. could
B. would
C. 不填
D. had
10. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 答案与解析:
1. B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2. B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。