鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权；
鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品为目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可权利； 鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商标； 双方兹就下列内容达成一致：
例3：
Whereas the Borrower proposes to borrow from the Banks, and the Banks, severally but not jointly, propose to lend to the Borrower, an aggregate amount of $50,000,000, the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement as follows:
注释：
（1） whereas：鉴于
（2） severally but not jointly：分别但不连带地 （3） an aggregate amount：总额
（4） the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement as follows：当事人协议如下
参考译文：
鉴于借款人提出从银行借款，各银行分别但不连带地向借款人贷款，总额为$50,000,000（5000万美元），当事人协议如下：
例4：
Whereas the Borrower has requested the Bank to extend to the Borrower a term loan in the principal amount of One Million US Dollars (US $1,000,000) under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement; and
Whereas the Bank is prepared to make such a loan available to the Borrower under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;
Now Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the Parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the agreement as follows:
注释：
（1） whereas：鉴于
（2） a term loan：定期贷款 （3） the principal amount：本金
（4） under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement：根据本协议规定的条件和款项
（5） in consideration of the mutual promises：以双方相互承诺为对价 consideration：对价
参考译文：
鉴于借款人根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已向银行要求向借款人提供一笔本金为100万美元（US$ 1,000,000）的定期贷款；
鉴于银行根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已准备向借款人提供此项定期贷款； 据此，以双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致。
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例5：
Whereas Party A and Party B, adhering to the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultation, agree to jointly invest to establish a new joint venture company in China (hereinafter referred as “Joint Venture”). The Contract hereunder is made and concluded.
注释：
（1） whereas：鉴于
（2） adhering to the principle of equality and mutual benefit：按照平等互利的原则 （3） through friendly consultation：通过友好协商 （4） joint venture company：合资经营公司 （5） hereinafter referred as：以下称
参考译文：
鉴于甲方与乙方按照平等互利的原则，经过友好协商，决定共同投资在中国建立合资经营公司（以下称“合资企业”），为此达成如下合同。 十. whereby
释义: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议, 凭此条款等 用法: 常用于合同协议书中，以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。 语法: 紧接于要修饰词之后。
例1：
For the purposes of these articles, the expressions “Documentary Letter(s) of Credit” and “Standby Letter(s) of Credit” used herein (hereinafter referred to as Credit(s), mean an arrangement or an agreement, whatever named or described, whereby a bank (the issuing bank), acting at the request and on the instructions of a customer (the applicant for the credit),
(i) will make payments to or to the order of a third party (the beneficiary), or will pay or accept bills of exchange (drafts) drawn by the beneficiary, or
(ii) will authorize another bank to effect such payment, or will pay, accept or negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts), against stipulated documents.
注释： （1） Documentary Letter(s) of Credit” and “Standby Letter(s) of Credit”：“跟单信用证”和“备用信用证”
（2） mean an arrangement or an agreement：意指一项约定 （3） whereby：根据此约定，凭此协议 （4） the issuing bank：开证行
（5） the applicant for the credit：信用证申请人
（6） the order of a third party (the beneficiary)：第三方指定人（受益人） （7） accept bills of exchange (drafts)：承兑汇票
（8） negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts)：议付该汇票
参考译文：
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就本条文而言，文中使用的“跟单信用证”和“备用信用证”（以下称“信用证”），不论如何命名或描述，意指一项约定，根据此约定，银行（开证行）依照客户（信用证申请人）的要求和指示，根据规定的单据，
（i）向第三方（受益人）或其指定人进行付款，或支付或承兑受益人开立的汇票，或 （ii）授权另一家银行进行该项付款，或支付承兑或议付该汇票。
例2：
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.
注释：
（1） sales contract：买卖合同 （2） whereby：凭此协议 （3） the seller：出卖人
（4） object：标的物，即买卖合同中出售的货物 （5） the buyer：买受人
参考译文：
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
例3：
A contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric fee.
注释：
（1） whereby：by the Contract for supply and use of electricity 凭此供用电合同 （2） the supplier of electricity：供电人 （3） the user of electricity：用电人
参考译文：
供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电，用电人支付电费的合同。
例4：
A donation contract refers to a contract whereby the donator donates gratis its property to the donee, and the donee expresses the acception of the donation.
注释：
（1）donator：赠与人 （2）donee：受赠人
参考译文：
赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人，受赠人表示接受赠与的合同。
十一. Notwithstanding
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释义: in spite of （prep.）尽管；nevertheless （adv.）仍然 用法: 法律文件常用词，比although正式。 语法: 作介词用时，放在要引导的让步状语前
例1：
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations, when a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing fails to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis, the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments, under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages.
注释：
（1）Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations：虽有本细则第九十一条的规定
（2）a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing：负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构
（3）fail to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis：不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额
（4）the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments：当地税务机关可以对应税所得在各营业机构之间合理分配 （5）under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages：按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例
参考译文：
虽有本细则第九十一条的规定，负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额时，当地税务机关可以对应税所得总额，按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例，在各营业机构之间合理分配。
例2：
If, notwithstanding Sub-Clause 65.1, any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site due to the transport of materials or plant, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the matter in question, with a copy to the Employer, as soon as he becomes aware of such damage or as soon as he receives any claim from the authority entitled to make such claim.
注释：
（1） notwithstanding Sub-Clause 65.1：尽管有65.1款的规定
（2）any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site：对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害 （3）due to the transport of materials or plant：因运输材料或设备
（4）the authority entitled to make such claim：有权提出此类索赔的机构
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参考译文：
尽管有65.1款的规定，但如果发生因运输材料或设备而对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害时，承包人在得知此类损害之后，或者收到有权提出此类索赔的机构的任何索赔要求之后，应立即通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交给业主。
例3：
The Engineer shall, from time to time, have authority to issue instructions on the following matters that: 1) any works shall, in the opinion of the Engineer, be removed and re-executed, notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor, because the following items fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract: (i) the materials, Plant or workmanship, or
(ii) the design by the Contractor or for which he is responsible.
注释：
（1）have authority to issue instructions on the following matters：有权对下列事项发出指示 （2）in the opinion of the Engineer：工程师认为
（3）any works shall be removed and re-executed：任何工程均应拆除并重新施工
（4）notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor：尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款
（5）fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract：不符合合同规定
参考译文：工程师有权随时对下列事项发出指示：1）尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款，但对工程师认为任何工程因以下各项不符合合同规定的，均应拆除并重新施工：（1）材料、工程设备或工艺；或（2）由承包人设计或承包人对其负有责任的设计。
例4：
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or other provisions, the Contractor in question shall, within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen, notify the Engineer of his intention, with a copy to the Employer.
注释：
（1）notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract：尽管本合同有其它规定 （2）intend to claim any additional payment：打算索取任何追加付款
（3）within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen：在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内
（4）notify the Engineer of his intention：将其索赔意向通知工程师
参考译文：
尽管本合同有其它规定，如果承包人根据本合同的任何条款或其他有关规定打算索取任何追加付款的话，他都应在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内，将其索赔意向通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交业主。
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