教牧神学季刊____________________________________________________________________
大公教会
THE CANONS OF THE COUNCIL IN TRULLO
A.D.692年 特鲁洛主教会议决议
（规条五十二至规条六十八，共一百零二条）
翻译：耿伟、吴婧婧 校对：纵蓓
Canon LII.（52）
ON all days of the holy fast of Lent, except on the Sabbath, the Lord’s day and the holy day of the Annunciation, the Liturgy of the Presanctified is to be said.
除了在安息日、主日和圣母领报节（天使报喜的圣日），四旬节禁食期间应天天诵读圣餐祝圣的经文。
Canon LIII.（53）
WHERE as the spiritual relationship is greater than fleshly affinity; and since it has come to our knowledge that in some places certain persons who become sponsors to children in holy salvation-bearing baptism, afterwards contract matrimony with their mothers (being widows), we decree that for the future nothing of this sort is to be done. But if any, after the present canon, shall be observed to do this, they must, in the first place, desist from this unlawful marriage, and then be subjected to the penalties of fornicators.
本会议认为：信仰关系重于血缘关系。据悉，部分地区在圣洗仪式时担任教父的个别信徒，之后却与孩子母亲（已丧夫）订立婚姻关系。自本规条生效之日起，绝不允许再发生这样的事情。如有违反，则必须照如下方式处理：强制解除不合法婚姻，然后以私通者名义接受教会惩戒。
Canon LIV.（54）
THE divine scriptures plainly teach us as follows, “Thou shalt not approach to any that is near of kin to thee to uncover their nakedness.” Basil, the bearer-of-God, has enumerated in his canons some marriages which are prohibited and has passed over the greater part in silence, and in both these ways has done us good service. For by avoiding a number of disgraceful names (lest by such words he should pollute his discourse) he included impurities under general terms, by which course he shewed to us in a general way the marriages which are forbidden. But since by such silence, and because of the difficulty of understanding what marriages are prohibited, the matter has become
confused; it seemed good to us to set it forth a little more clearly, decreeing that from this time forth he who shall marry with the daughter of his father; or a father or son with a mother and daughter; or a father and son with two girls who are sisters; or a mother and daughter with two brothers; or two brothers with two sisters, fall under the canon of seven years, provided they openly separate from this unlawful union.
圣经清楚地教导我们：“不可接近你至近的亲属，露她的下体。”为了造就圣徒，上帝之仆巴西流于教规里列举了数例不合法的婚姻，还有很多没有记录。为了避免提到不洁之词（也为了不被这些词污秽），他统称不合法婚姻形式为不洁之连理。但是这种避免，众圣徒十分困惑不解，无法了解何种婚姻为不合法，因此本会议有必要详述之：任何人不可与同父异母的姐妹结婚，父子俩不可娶母女俩或姐妹俩，母女俩不可嫁给兄弟俩，兄弟俩亦不可娶姐妹俩。如有触犯，则强制解除此婚姻关系，并处以七年教会惩戒。
Canon LV.（55）
SINCE we understand that in the city of the Romans, in the holy fast of Lent they fast on the Saturdays, contrary to the ecclesiastical observance which is traditional, it seemed good to the holy synod that also in the Church of the Romans the canon shall immovably stands fast which says: “If any cleric shall be found to fast on a Sunday or Saturday (except on one occasion only) he is to be deposed; and if he is a layman he shall be cut off.”
据悉，四旬节期内，罗马教区的圣徒每个安息日都守斋，违反了教会多年之传统。因此，本会议与罗马教区皆应严格以下规条：“若发现任何神职人员安息日（除了大安息日）和主日都守斋，则以罢免论处，若是平信徒，则停其圣餐。”
注：the Great Sabbath是指复活节的前一天。
Canon LVI.（56）
WE have likewise learned that in the regions of Armenia and in other places certain people eat
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____________________________________________________________________教牧神学季刊 eggs and cheese on the Sabbaths and Lord’s days of the holy lent. It seems good therefore that the whole Church of God which is in all the world should follow one rule and keep the fast perfectly, and as they abstain from everything which is killed, so also should they from eggs and cheese, which are the fruit and produce of those animals from which we abstain. But if any shall not observe this law, if they be clerics, let them be deposed; but if laymen, let them be cut off.
据悉，亚美尼亚和其他部分地区的部分圣徒于四旬期间的安息日和主日时食用奶酪和鸡蛋。本会议规定：全世界大公教会应遵循统一规定，完全禁食。既然规定禁止食用肉食，鸡蛋和奶酪也需禁止，因这些皆是肉动物身上出产的。任何圣职人员违背此条教规者，需予以罢免，任何平信徒违背，则停其圣餐。
Canon LVII.（57）
IT is not right to offer honey and milk on the altar.
祭坛上不可以贡献牛奶和蜂蜜。
Canon LVIII.（58）
NONE of those who are in the order of laymen may distribute the Divine Mysteries to himself if a bishop, presbyter, or deacon be present. But whoso shall dare to do such a thing, as acting contrary to what has been determined shall be cut off for a week and thenceforth let him learn not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think.
教会主教、长老或者执事在场时，平信徒不可自行领取圣餐。若任何人胆敢如此行，明目张胆地违反规定，则停其圣餐一周，使其学习谦卑，不可看自己过于所当看的。
Canon LIX.（59）
BAPTISM is by no means to be administered in an oratory which is within a house; but they who are about to be held worthy of the spotless illumination are to go to a Catholic Church and there to enjoy this gift. But if any one shall be convicted of not observing what we have determined, if he be a cleric let him be deposed, if a layman let him be cut off.
洗礼绝不可任选一个房子的祈祷室草率进行，若有人想要受洗，接受真理教导，则必须来到大公教会接受洗礼恩典。若发现任何人胆敢行所不可，为圣职人员者，予以罢免；为平信徒者，停其圣餐。
Canon LX.（60）
SINCE the Apostle exclaims that he who cleaves to the Lord is one spirit, it is clear that he who is intimate with his [i.e. the Lord’s] enemy becomes one by his affinity with him. Therefore, those who
pretend they are possessed by a devil and by their depravity of manners feign to manifest their form and appearance; it seems good by all means that they should be punished and that they should be subjected to afflictions and hardships of the same kind as those to which they who are truly demoniacally possessed are justly subjected with the intent of delivering them from the [work or rather] energy of the devil.
根据使徒之教导，与主亲近者为一灵所感，那么显而易见，与基督敌人亲近者则和基督的敌人同为一类。故此，任何假装鬼附，行为败坏如斯者，最好予以惩戒，遭受鬼附之人的折磨与痛苦，使其悔改，不再从事这些行为。
Canon LXI.（61）
THOSE who give themselves up to soothsayers or to those who are called hecatontarchs or to any such, in order that they may learn from them what things376 they wish to have revealed to them, let all such, according to the decrees lately made by the Fathers concerning them, be subjected to the canon of six years. And to this [penalty] they also should be subjected who carry about she-bears or animals of the kind for the diversion and injury of the simple; as well as those who tell fortunes and fates, and genealogy, and a multitude of words of this kind from the nonsense of deceit and imposture. Also those who are called expellers of clouds, enchanters, amulet-givers, and soothsayers. And those who persist in these things, and do not turn away and flee from pernicious and Greek pursuits of this kind, we declare are to be thrust out of the Church, as also the sacred canons say. “For what fellowship hath light with darkness?” as saith the Apostle, “or what agreement is there between the temple of God and idols? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? And what concord hath Christ with Belial?”
根据圣教父之规定：任何轻信占卦师或者魔鬼、想要从其获知自己的未来的信徒应接受教规六年惩戒。此外，任何随身佩戴白熊或者类似动物的护身符、造成普通会众信仰动摇甚至跌倒的信徒；任何算命、胡诌谱系或者其他骗人言辞的信徒；以及任何念咒驱云、行巫术、送护身符和占卜的信徒，都将接受相同惩戒。
根据公会议规定：坚行此道、拒不悔改转离以上希腊有毒文俗者，将被逐出基督的教会。正如使徒在经上所说：“光明和黑暗有什么相通呢？神的殿和偶像有什么相同呢？信主的和不信主的有什么相干呢？基督和彼列（注：“彼列”就是撒但的别名）有什么相和呢？林后6:14-16）”
Canon LXII.（62） 2
教牧神学季刊____________________________________________________________________ THE so-called Calends, and what are called Bota and Brumalia, and the full assembly which takes place on the first of March, we wish to be abolished from the life of the faithful. And also the public dances of women, which may do much harm and mischief. Moreover we drive away from the life of Christians the dances given in the names of those falsely called gods by the Greeks whether of men or women, and which are performed after an ancient and un-Christian fashion; decreeing that no man from this time forth shall be dressed as a woman, nor any woman in the garb suitable to men. Nor shall he assume comic, satyric, or tragic masks; nor may men invoke the name of the execrable Bacchus when they squeeze out the wine in the presses; nor when pouring out wine into jars [to cause a laugh, practising in ignorance and vanity the things which proceed from the deceit of insanity. Therefore those who in the future attempt any of these things which are written, having obtained a knowledge of them, if they be clerics we order them to be deposed, and if laymen to be cut off.
本会议规定：禁止圣徒参加朔日、欢舞节和冬至狂欢节庆祝以及三月一日大聚会。亦不可观赏舞女跳舞，因其百害而无一益。亦不可观赏希腊古传统中带有异教色彩、祭献希腊诸神的舞蹈。此外，男子不可着女子衣衫，女子不可穿着男子的衣裳；信徒不可面带表演喜剧或悲剧的面具，或者任何色情面具；因为这是古老的非基督徒传统，无论男女都是如此。酒榨里出酒或是倒酒入罐时，圣徒不可随众求告酒神巴克斯之名，此乃癫狂无知虚空之事。因此，任何人若明知故犯，若为圣职人员，则予以罢免，若为平信徒，则停其圣餐。
注：Bota：罗马人参拜畜牧神潘的节日 Brumalia：参拜酒神巴克斯的节日，或是太阳神崇拜者们庆祝太阳诞生的冬至祭日。
Canon LXIII.（63）
WE forbid to be publicly read in Church, histories of the martyrs which have been falsely put together by the enemies of the truth, in order to dishonour the martyrs of Christ and induce unbelief among those who hear them, but we order that such books be given to the flames. But those who accept them or apply their mind to them as true we anathematize.
本会议规定：禁止公开诵读真理之敌人肆意编写的殉道士传记，应将其付之一炬，因他们皆是为了辱没殉道士的名声，并在会众散播小信。任何接纳该类书籍并尊其为真理者，应将其除教。
Canon LXIV.（64）
IT does not befit a layman to dispute or teach
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publicly, thus claiming for himself authority to teach, but he should yield to the order appointed by the Lord, and to open his ears to those who have received the grace to teach, and be taught by them divine things; for in one Church God has made “different members,” according to the word of the Apostle: and Gregory the Theologian, wisely interpreting this passage, commends the order in vogue with them saying:379 “This order brethren we revere, this we guard. Let this one be the ear; that one the tongue, the hand or any other member. Let this one teach, but let that one learn.” And a little further on: “Learning in docility and abounding in cheerfulness, and ministering with alacrity, we shall not all be the tongue which is the more active member, not all of us Apostles, not all prophets, nor shall we all interpret.” And again: “Why dost thou make thyself a shepherd when thou art a sheep? Why become the head when thou art a foot? Why dost thou try to be a commander when thou art enrolled in the number of the soldiers?” And elsewhere: “Wisdom orders, Be not swift in words; nor compare thyself with the rich, being poor; nor seek to be wiser than the wise.” But if anyone be found weakening the present canon, he is to be cut off for forty days.
本会议规定：禁止平信徒在未经正式授权的情况下自授权柄，公开进行神学辩论或施行教导，应该悉心聆听上帝按立的教师教导神的话语；因为使徒如此教导：教会中各个肢体恩赐不同；神学家格列高利巧妙地如此诠释道：“弟兄们啊，我们应尊重并保守上帝设立的秩序。有的人作耳，有的人作舌，有的人作手，不同人为不同的肢体。有的人教导，有的人受教。”此外，“让我们彼此谦卑学习，满有喜乐、甘心乐意地彼此服侍，不可都作舌头，同为活跃的肢体，不是所有人都作使徒，都作先知，或都作教师。”而且“当你作牧者时，为什么非要作羊呢？若你适合作脚，为什么非要作头呢？当为士兵时，为什么一定要热衷于作将军呢？”再者，“智慧的人不可急于开口；贫穷的人不要和富人比较；任何人不要企图比智者更智慧。”如有触犯此条者，则停圣餐40天。
Canon LXV.（65）
THE fires which are lighted on the new moons by some before their shops and houses, upon which (according to a certain ancient custom) they are wont foolishly and crazily to leap, we order henceforth to cease. Therefore, whosoever shall do such a thing, if he be a cleric, let him be deposed; but if he be a layman, let him be cut off.
For it is written in the Fourth Book of the Kings “And Manasses built an altar to the whole host of heaven, in the two courts of the Lord, and made his sons to pass through the fire, he used lots and
____________________________________________________________________教牧神学季刊 augurs and divinations by birds and made ventriloquists [or pythons380] and multiplied diviners, that he might do evil before the Lord and provoke him to anger.”
本会议规定：月朔时，禁止（遵照过去异教之习俗）在房前或店前燃点火堆，并行愚蠢疯狂之事——即，纵身越过火堆。若有违反，为圣职人员者，则予以罢免；为平信徒者，则停其圣餐。
因《历代志下》写道：“他（玛拿西）在耶和华殿的两院中为天上的万象筑坛；并在欣嫩子谷使他的儿女经火；又观兆、用法术、行邪术、立交鬼的和行巫术的，多行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，惹动祂的怒气。33:5-6”
Canon LXVI.（66）
FROM the holy day of the Resurrection of Christ our God until the next Lord’s day, for a whole week, in the holy churches the faithful ought to be free from labour, rejoicing in Christ with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs; and celebrating the feast, and applying their minds to the reading of the holy Scriptures, and delighting in the Holy Mysteries; for thus shall we be exalted with Christ and together with him be raised up. Therefore, on the aforesaid days there must not be any horse races or any public spectacle.
本会议规定：自上主基督复活之日至次回主日的一周内，圣教会中众圣徒当息了一切劳苦，以诗篇、颂词、灵歌在基督里欢喜快乐；庆祝该节期，全时间诵读经文，欢喜领受圣体；如此行，众圣徒将会与基督同受颂扬，同得高举。因此，此节期间禁止参加赛马或其他公众娱乐。
Canon LXVII.（67）
THE divine Scripture commands us to abstain from blood, from things strangled, and from
fornication. Those therefore who on account of a dainty stomach prepare by any art for food the blood of any animal, and so eat it, we punish suitably. If anyone henceforth venture to eat in any way the blood of an animal, if he be a clergyman, let him be deposed; if a layman, let him be cut off.
神圣的经文命令我们禁戒奸淫，并勒死的牲畜和血（徒15:20）。因此那些为了口腹之欲而想食用任何动物的血的，我们要适当地处罚。从今以后，若有人以任何方式食用任何动物的血，如果他是神职人员就要被予以罢免，如果是平信徒，就要被停圣餐。
Canon LXVIII.（68）
IT is unlawful for anyone to corrupt or cut up a book of the Old or New Testament or of our holy and approved preachers and teachers, or to give them up to the traders in books or to those who are called perfumers, or to hand it over for destruction to any other like persons: unless to be sure it has been rendered useless either by bookworms, or by water, or in some other way. He who henceforth shall be observed to do such a thing shall be cut off for one year. Likewise also he who buys such books (unless he keeps them for his own use, or gives them to another for his benefit to be preserved) and has attempted to corrupt them, let him be cut off.
本会议规定：禁止毁坏和撕碎新旧约经卷或者圣教会教师、牧者的讲章，亦禁止出售给书商和所谓香料商，或交由其类似商人进行销毁；除非确认书籍因虫蛀、水浸等类似损坏以致无法使用。如有触犯，停其圣餐一年。同样地，若有人购买此类书籍（并非为了个人使用或帮助他人）只为毁坏者，则逐出教会。
“三一棍道”的牧养意义
——浅谈基督徒的现代灵性修养
西安大公教会 董建林主教
——诗 2:1 外邦为什么争闹？万民为什么谋算虚妄的亊？
诗 2:2 世上的君王一齐起来，臣宰一同商议，要敌挡耶和华幵他的受膏者，
诗 2:3 说：“我们要挣开他们的捆绑，脱去他们的绳索。”
诗 2:4 那坐在天上的必发笑；主必嗤笑他们。
诗 2:5 那时，他要在怒中责备他们，在烈怒中
惊吓他们，
诗 2:6 说：“我已经立我的君在锡安我的圣山上了。”
诗 2:7 受膏者说：“我要传圣旨。耶和华曾对我说：‘你是我的儿子，我今日生你。
诗 2:8 你求我，我就将列国赐你为基业，将地4
教牧神学季刊____________________________________________________________________ 极赐你为田产。
诗 2:9 你必用铁杖打破他们；你必将他们如同窑匠的瓦器摔碎。’”
诗 2:10 现在，你们君王应当省悟！你们世上的审判官该受管教！
诗 2:11 当存畏惧亊奉耶和华，又当存战兢而快乐。
诗 2:12 当以嘴亲子，恐怕他发怒，你们便在道中灭亡，因为他的怒气快要发作。凡投靠他的，都是有福的。
我们西安大公教会的牧养原则是：以基督为主，以教会为家，以圣经为根，以主教为父，以科学为用，以团契为途，荣耀上帝造就圣徒，建立基督的身体（教会）。在基督徒成长为上帝的军队和耶稣基督的连队的道路上，除了圣经信经，主教制度、七大圣礼和修道传统外，我们的灵性成熟还缺少什么呢？
中世纪的骑士精神和武士道的视死如归的武士精神。
基督徒如何在教会牧养中快速成长，成为耶稣基督教会的修士精兵，像耶稣会一样服从教会所向披靡？能够像西方骑士和日本武士一样以死相拼捍卫信仰和尊严？这是我一直在思考的问题。这个过程中，中世纪的骑士精神，日本武士道的有关思想如《叶隐闻书》和武士历史如宫本武藏、杖道给我很大的震撼！
中世纪的骑士们以“我们是奉上帝之名”，作为基督教会的军队，为了基督而到世界各地对野蛮进行文明教化。骑士信耶稣基督，但主要为了捍卫信仰热衷战斗，以至于战死而视死如归。
时至今日，骑士精神对于欧洲民族的民族性格也有着莫大的影响，许多崇高的道德修养源于骑士精神其中。它构成了西欧民族中所谓的“绅士精神”形成了现代欧洲人对于个人身份和荣誉的注重，讲求风度，精神文明和外貌举止；对于崇尚精神理想和尊重妇女的浪漫气质的向往；以及恪守公开竞赛，公平竞争的精神。它使现代欧洲人的民族性格中既含有优雅的贵族气质，又兼具诚实守信、乐于助人，为理想和荣誉牺牲小我的品格。
当然，由于人性的败坏，骑士和贵族会为私利漠视骑士精神的事，也是有司空见惯，贵族之间的仇恨和土地的争夺，往往会破坏任何守则。例如，依日耳曼的部落习俗，酋长遗产由儿子均分，而非长子继承，为了争夺财产经常引发兄弟之间的各种战争，最典型的例子就是查理曼的儿子孙子之间的权力冲突。但是，总体上骑士精神是构成中世纪基督徒品格的主流精神。
骑士精神规范的基本守则如下︰
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为捍卫教会而冒死犯难。 保护老弱妇孺。
为公义而战以对抗不平与邪恶。 热爱家园。
谦卑礼貌，崇尚荣誉，勇于牺牲，英勇无畏，怜悯弱者，诚实守信，执着精神，大公无私。 骑士精神有一样很重要的守则，就是不会伤害女人，当然在死亡边缘及异教徒或巫女例外，例如圣女贞德。
骑士宣言：封主把剑放平，封一名青年为骑士。 I will be kind to the weak.（我会善待弱者）
I will be brave against the strong.（我会勇敢对抗强者）
I will fight all who do wrong.（我誓将抗击一切错误）
I will fight for those who cannot fight.（我将为不能战斗的人战斗）
I will help those who call me for help.（我会乐于助人）
I will harm no woman.（我不会去伤害女人） I will help my brother knight.（我会帮助兄弟骑士）
I will be true to my friends.（我会诚挚待友）
I will be faithful in love.（我将忠于爱情）
紧接着，就被国王（实际执政者）或者是领主（或者女性王室贵族）在肩膀上用宝剑触碰，表示：
1
正式赐封骑士。
??
什么是武士道精神？
“武士道者，死之谓也”，在日本的神道教宗教背景里，这是什么意思呢？
学者李冬君在题为《狂与死的美学——<叶隐闻书>导读》第一篇中指出：“所谓武士道，就是看透死亡”，此为《叶隐闻书》之名言。
“即使头颅被砍下，也要从容做完一件事。切下俺的头颅埋葬好了，再躺在上面去死。”这样的语言，无疑给我们当胸一刺，宣泄出死的无比快意。
“死狂”之言，在《叶隐闻书》中频频出现。日本的《叶隐闻书》，是一部武士“论语”，由佐贺藩武士山本常朝口述，田代阵基笔录，用了七年的时间写成。
《叶隐闻书》共十一卷。卷一、卷二论武士心性；卷三、卷四、卷五、卷六言锅岛藩家族及历史；卷七、卷八、卷九介绍锅岛藩武士的“忠勇奉公” 1
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/é¨??￡??2??￥?。——维基百科