这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从\香格里拉\起飞的，而\香格里拉\是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。（同上） （二）重复动词
1．英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 （7）Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement.
毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创造者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。（《英汉翻译教程》，张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹编著，上海外语教育出版社）
2．英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词一代替英语中重复的前置词。若英语中连前置词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。
（8）We talked of ourselves, of our studies, of our prospects, of each other--of everything. 我们谈到了自己，谈到了学习，谈到了前途，谈到了彼此的情况，谈到了一切。（同 上）
(9) But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.
可是他老婆不断地在他耳边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。（同上） （三）重复代词
1． 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语的习惯重复其所替代的名词。
（10）In China, they \planned victory. 在中国，他们犯过错误，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。（同上） 2．英语中用物主代词its, his, their, 等等以代替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体的目的。 （11）Happy families also had their own troubles.（同上） 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 3．英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词如whoever, whenever, wherever等等，翻译时往往使用重复法处理。
（12）Whoever works hard will be respected. 谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。
4．英语用some…and others…(some…, others…)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的\的\字结构，有时也可以用\有的……，有的……\句式。 (13) Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（=有的上大学了，有的下乡了。）
（四）其它英语原文没有重复，汉译时采用一种在内容上而不是在形式上的重复的手段。 (14) He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。（同上） 二． 为了强调
（一）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。英语对仗句的前后两部分中往往有词的重复，译成汉语时对仗句一般可以保持同样的词的重复。
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(15) Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt.
君主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝﹑阿谀奉承的侍臣死了，他们居住的这个都城也死了。（同上） (16) Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。（同上）
（二）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。
(17)During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Peking University and visited the Great Wall.
他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。（同上） 三． 为了生动
（一）运用两个四字词组
(18) The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.
这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得张口结舌，哑口无言。（同上）
（二）运用词的重叠
(19) They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.
他们驾着一辆黑色大轿车，经过一片片白桦林，穿过一排排鳞次栉比的新建筑。（《英汉翻译技巧》，章和升，王云桥编著，当代世界出版社） (20) Once he took up his pen, writings began pouring down. 他一动笔，就洋洋洒洒，一发难收。（同上） （三）运用四字对偶词组
(21) great contributions 丰功伟绩 gratitude 感恩戴德 grotesque 奇形怪状 careless 粗心大意 rumors 流言蜚语
(22) Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished. 不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。（《英汉翻译教程》，张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹编著，上海外语教育出版社 重复和增词有相类似之处，只不过重复增加的是同一个词。我们应该尽量避免不必要的重复，但是，该重复的地方还是要重复。译者必须根据不同的文体、不同的上下文灵活掌握。
V. Exercise and Assignment
1. Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing
findings---this is all the work of science.
2. Halliday put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and tyrned his face
towards the window.
3. A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbor’s. 4. Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 5. Work with, and not against, nature.
6. Reading exercises one?s eyes; speaking, one?s tongue; while writing, one?s mind.
(F.Bacon)
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7. One cannot learn to produce a sound from an explanation only, or get a correct idea of a
flavor from a description: a sound must be heard, a color seen, a flavor tasted, an odor inhaled.
8. John?s bought himself a new Ford. He practically lives in the car.
9. I don?t know where to stay when I arrive in New York. I have never been to that place. 10. “What will you do when the war is over if it is over?” He asked me. “Speak
grammatically！”
“I will go the States.” “Are you married？”
“No， but I hope to be.”
“The more of a fool you are,” he said. He seemed very angry. “A man must not marry.” “Why must not a man marry？”（E.Hemingway）
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第九讲：省略法
I. Teaching Purpose
Understand the technique of omission from the perspectives of grammar, syntax, rhetoric, clarity, and other cases. II. Important and Difficult Points
Why and how to adopt technique of repetition. III. Teaching Method
The teacher introduces the topic and some examples are given to the students. Then the students will find the best translation. IV. Teaching Contents
一. 从语法角度来看 代词的省略：
1.省略作主语的人称代词
He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，（……）看上去一副可怜相。
2.泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语也省略 We live and learn.
(……) 活到老，学到老。
Everywhere you can find new type of men and objects in New China. 新中国（……）处处可以看到新人，新事物。 3.省略作宾语的代词
The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露。 4.省略物主代词
She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street.
她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出(……)利落匀称的身材，迈着（……）端庄的女人的步子。 She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得（……) 手里和(…….)唇上都是花儿，(……)胸中也生长着花儿。 5.省略非人称的或强势句中的it.
Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。
It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate. 她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫。
It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。. 连词的省略 1.省略并列连词
He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。
Despite the privation and the mounting toll of drean and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and people still smile in the street.
尽管供应不足，伤亡增加，然而士气并未受到影响。街上，人们照常脸有笑容。
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2.省略从属连词
We know spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。 Because the departure was not easy, we made it brief. 告别这件事难受得很,我们就作得简短一些。 3.省略表示条件的连词
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此,我就不参加了。 4.省略表示时间的连词
When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，忧郁地看着他的妹妹。
John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 火车停了，约翰郁郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。 冠词的省略
1. A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教师的应该有耐心。
2. The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。
3. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。 在某些场合,冠词不能省.
1. He left without saying a word. 他一句话不说就走了。
The onlookers saw the little party climb ashore. 看的人只见那一小队人爬上岸去。 Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile. 他开车每开一英里就赚一块钱。 前置词的省略 1.表示时间
The People?s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 一九四九年中华人民共和国成立. 中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立.
In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 2.表示地点
Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟.
Rumours had already spread along the streets and lanes. 3.表示地点
He stood by the desk. 他站在桌旁.
I stayed in my brother?s house. 二. 从修辞角度来看
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