但不成立limf(x)?0 。
x???四、设D???x,y?:x2?y2?1?,f?x,y?在D内连续,g?x,y?在D内连续有
界,且满足条件:
当x2?y2?1时,f?x,y????; 在D中f与g有二阶偏导数,
?2f?2f?2g?2gfg??e??e,. ?x2?y2?x2?y2证明:f?x,y??g?x,y?在D内处处成立. 证明:设u?x,y??f?x,y??g?x,y?, 则有 ?u??f??g?e?e? ?fg??10etf??1?t?g?dt
??e01tf?1?tg?? ?C?x,y??u. dt?u于是 ??u?C?x,y??u?0,?x,y??D , C?x,y??0; 由已知条件,存在0?r0?1,当r0?r?1时, 有 u?x,y??f?x,y??g?x,y??0, x2?y2?r2. 记D?r????x,y?:x2?y2?r2?,
设 m?minu?x,y?,我们断言,必有m?0,
?x,y??D(r)假若m?0,则必有?x0,y0??D?r?,使得 u?x0,y0??m; 易知??u?x0,y0??0, C?x0,y0?u?x0,y0??0. ??u?C?x,y??u???x0,y0??0
这与??u?C?x,y??u?0矛盾, 所以 m?0
从而 u?x,y??0,?x,y??D?r?; 由r的任意性,得
6
u?x,y??0, ?x,y??D. 故在D内处处成立f?x,y??g?x,y?. 五、 设
R???x,y?:0?x?1,0?y?1?R????x,y?:0?x?1??,0?y?1???.
dxdydxdy考虑积分I???,I????,定义I?limI, ????01?xy1?xyRR?(1)证明 I?1; ?2n?1n?1?u?x?y????2?1?2??2. (2)利用变量替换:?,计算积分I的值,并由此推出
6n?1n?v?1?y?x???2证明:(1)由
??xy?n?1?n?1?1,在R?上一致收敛,可以进行逐项积分 1?xydxdy??n?1n?1?I?????????xy?dxdy
1?xyR??n?1?R? ????n?10?1??1??01????n?1n?1xydxdy ??, 2nn?1?2n1????又
n2?2n1?2, n2n1????所以? 关于???0,1?是一致收敛的,可以逐项求极限, 2nn?1于是有 limI?lim?????0??0?n?1??1???n22n1??2. n?1n?故有 I?1; ?2n?1n?(2) x?u?v,y?u?v
??x,y??2, xy?u2?v2
??u,v?
7
11????????u,v?:0?u?,0?v?u????u,v?:?u?1,0?v?1?u?
22???? ???u,v?:0?u???11???,?u?v?0????u,v?:?u?1,?1?u?v?0? 22???注意到区域?关于u轴对称
dxdy2 I??????dudv 221?xy?1??u?v?Ru1?1?u?111???2? ?2?2????dv?du??1??dv?du?
001?u2?v201?u2?v2???2??? ?4?I1?I2?; I1??12011?u2arctanv1?u2v?udu
v?0 ??12011?u?2arctan11?sint22u1?u2du
sint1?sint2 u?sint??60arctancostdt
21?1??? ??6tdt????;
02?6?418 I2??112111?u11?u?22arctanv1?u2v?1?udu
v?0 ??12arctan1?u1?u2du
u?sint??261?sitnarctan?2cost1?sint?1tcdo tst1?sitn2dt dt ???2arctan ???2arctantcost661?tan2?1?tan 8
? ???26?arcta?n???t??t?an???dt ?42??22??12?t???11?????? ???2???dt????????????2;
2?4?26?22?436?4186?4?或者利用分部积分,得
???261?sintarctandt
cost??1?sitn2 ?tarctan???2tcost?66t?i?n??1s?dt 2?ts?n??co?1?sit1???t??cos1 ????6??1????2t???dt 66?2??1 ????362?21??2?2?122??????, 23418?4?6122212于是I?4?I1?I2???????,
18186故
9
?26??1. 2n?1n?2010年全国大学生非数学专业竞赛试题及解答
一、计算题
kk?(1) 求极限 lim?(1?)sin2
n??nnk?1n解法1 直接化为黎曼和的形式有困难. 注意到 sinx=x+O(x3),
n?k3?3??k??k??k??k?lim??1??sin2?lim??1???2?O?6??, n??n??n?nn??nk?1?k?1??n??n3333nk??k?k?由于 |??1??O(6)|??2C6?0,(n??),
n?nnk?1?k?1n所以
nk??k??k?k?lim??1??sin2?lim??1??2 n??n??n?nn?nk?1?k?1?n1kk215?. ??lim?(?2)???(x?x2)dx?0n??6nnk?1nn解法2 利用x-13x n?nnk?1?k?1nn1kk215??k?k?, lim??1??2??lim?(?2)???(x?x2)dx?0n??n??n?n6nnk?1?k?1nnkk?5?所以lim?(1?)sin2? . n??nn6k?1n 10