小学英语教师编制考试专业知识(3)

2019-04-14 12:48

考编英语专业知识

2).without 的用法:

A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物 B).without + doing sth .

He left here without____(say ) ―Goodbye‖to us C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.

If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ . 7.on the tree /in the tree

on the tree 表示 ―树上本身长的东西‖ 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 ―外界的物体进入树中‖ 人或物在树上. There are some apples _____ the tree . There is a boy ____ the tree. 8.since / for

注: since / for 用于现在完成时.

1).since : a).since +时间点 b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时 c).since +一段时间+ ago. 2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago 9.be made +介词的区别:

be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料) be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料) be made in +地点 由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造 10.表示 “数量的介词” about , round around over

1). about , round around表示 ―大约……‖2).over 表示 ―超过‖= more than. 11.inside / outside Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面

12.in the wall /on the wall

in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上” 九.不用介词的情况:

1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词. What are you going to do tonight ?

2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语. He went to Wuhan last week .

3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .

4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.

He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .

考点六:连词

一.并列连词和连词短语

并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的连词有and ,but ,or ,so ,both…and , either…or ,neither…nor , not only… but also 等。 1. and

1).and 表示 “和、且”在肯定句中连接并列的成分。 He is laughing and talking .

2).祈使句+ and …… , ―and‖ 表示“那么”之意。= If……

Study hard , and you will succeed .= _____ _____ study hard , you will succeed . 3).adj / adv + and + adj /adv 表示“渐渐”。 He makes mistakes again and again . 2.but

表示转折关系的连词,意为“但是” He is poor ,but honest . 3.or

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考编英语专业知识

1).or 有 “或”的意思,表示一种选择 Would you like tea or water ?

2). ―祈使句……,or …‖ or 表示否则。= If …not …, ……. .

Study hard , or you will fail. = _____ you _____study hard , you will fail . 3).or 用在否定句中表示并列关系。 He can’t read or write . 4.both

1).both ―两者都‖, 后面的名词、动词都用复数。 Both the answers are right . 2).both of ….

Both of us are students . 3).both …and…

Both you and she are right . 5.either/ either …or

1).either ―两者当中任何一个‖,后有of 时接名词的复数形式,无of时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。 You may wear either of the hats.

2).either …or… ―不是……就是……,或者

……或者…….‖动词与临近的主语保持一致。即 “就近原则‖. Either you or he has to go = Either he or you have to go . 6.neither /neither …nor…

1).neither ―两者当中都不‖,后有of 时接名词的复数形式,无of时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。 Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

2).neither ….nor… ―既不…….也不……‖动词与临近的主语保持一致。即 “就近原则‖. Neither you nor I am right .= Neither I nor you are right . 二.从属连词

从属连词是引导从句的连词。 1.引导宾语从句的连词

1).that 连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。

2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。 3).if/ whether 连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。 2.引导状语从句的连词

1).时间状语从句:when ,before ,after, until ,as soon as (主将从现) 2).条件状语从句:if , unless 3).原因状语从句:because 4).方式状语从句:than

5).结果状语从句:so… that … ,such… that… 6).让步状语从句:though /although 7).目的状语从句:so that

3.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。

1).because ,so 不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其中之一。 Because in our school knew him ,so we had no trouble in finding him.

2).though /although ,but不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其中之一。但though 可以与yet,still 同时出现在一个句子中。

Though Australia is very large ,but the population is quite small. 4.必须用whether 的情况。

1).discuss 和介词后的宾语从句用whether .

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考编英语专业知识

We are discussing ____ we’ll hold a meeting.

I’m worried about ___she can come to the meeting 2).和不定式、or not 连用必须用whether . I don’t know ______ to leave or not .

考点七:形容词 副词

I.形容词

一、形容词的一般用法

1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。 It’s a cold and windy day.

2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….) He looks happy today.

3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。 Would you like something hot to drink?

4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。 How long is the river? It’s about two hundred metres long.

5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightened The man is ill.(正)

The ill man is my uncle.(误)

6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的 My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误)

7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely;friendly;lively;lovely 二、形容词常用句型

1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,polite ,clever ,foolish ,lazy ,careful,careless,right(正确的),wrong等。

It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.) 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .

注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等。

It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.) 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式。 I’m very sad to hear the bad news.

4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。

Lei Feng is always ready to help others. He is sure to get to school on time. Ⅱ副词

一、副词的分类

副词按词汇意义可分为:

方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly

程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite 地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home 时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still 频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never

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考编英语专业知识

否定副词:no,not,neither,nor 疑问副词:where,how,why 其他:also,too,only 二、副词的基本用法:

1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前. He plays the piano very well .

2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后. He got up quickly

3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后. He is old enough to go to school . 三、常见副词用法辨析 1.already与yet的区别

already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”

He had_____left when I called.

Have you found your ruler______? 2 very,much和very much.的区别

very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much. John is ____ honest.

This garden is_____ bigger than that one. Thank you _____. 3.so与such的区别

⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,My brotherruns so fast that I can’t follow him. He is such a boy.

⑵so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数

such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 He is ___ clever a boy.=He is ____ a clever boy. It is____cold weather.

They are _____good students.

⑶名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so) 但little 表示 ―小的‖ 用such. There are ___ little sheep on the hill . 4.also,too,as well与either 的区别

also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。

例如,My father is a teacher. My mother is ____a teacher. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher ______. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,_____.

I can’t speak French?? Jenny can’t speak French,_____. 5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别 sometime:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。 sometimes:有时,不时的= at times some time:一段时间 some times:几次,几倍

We’ll have a test ______next month.

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考编英语专业知识

_____ we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in Beijing for _____ last year. I have been to Beijing ______. 6.ago与before的区别

ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。 I saw him ten minutes _______.

He told me that he had seen the film______. 7.now,just与just now的区别

now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在” just:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚??” just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才” Where does he live______? We have _______ seen the film. He was here______. 8.lonely / alone 的区别

1).alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.

2).lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的,常与feel 连用。

3).alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语) He lives _____ on a _____ island .

He is _____ ,but he doesn’t feel ______. 9.fast /quickly /soon 的区别.

fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示动作之快 soon表示时间之快 I’m leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______? A.fast B.soon C.quickly D.early

Ⅲ、形容词,副词的比较级、最高级

一、规则变化

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st, nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, big-bigger-biggest 注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )

5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least

important----less important----least important

English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English . 6.由 “形容词+ly‖构成的副词,在其前加more/ most

slowly---more slowly----most slowly;但early—earlier---earliest 二、不规则变化 原级 good/well many/much little old bad/badly/ill 比较级 better more less old / elder worse 15

最高级 best most least old /eldest worst


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