考编英语专业知识
由so that (以便、为的是)引导目的状语从句。
He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus . 5.条件状语从句
由if或unless 引导条件状语从句。 I won’t go to his party unless I am invited . 6.比较状语从句
由than、 as…as、not as……as 引导比较状语从句。 There are more students in our class than in theirs . 7.让步状语从句
由though 、even though/ if 、although引导让步状语从句。
Although he didn’t pass the exam ,his father didn’t get angry with him . 8.方式状语从句
由as if (好像)引导方式状语从句。
He talked about that as if he knew everything . 9.结果状语从句
由so…that…、such….that…（如此…..以致于…）引导结果状语从句。 It was raining so hard that we couldn’t see the road . 二、状语从句与主句的时态问题
1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。（主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时）
If it ________(not rain) tomorrow ,we______(go) to climb the hill . He ________ (become) a sodier when he ______(grow) up .
2.since引导的时间状语从句。 It is + 时间+ since + 一般过去时 It_____(be) ten years since we ________(leave) that city . 3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态： 主句（过去进行时）+when +从句（一般过去时） 主句（一般过去时）+when +从句（过去进行时） 主句（一般过去时）+while +从句（过去进行时） 主句（过去进行时）+while +从句（过去进行时）
注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。 Mother _______(cook)supper when I ______(get)home yesterday.
Last Sunday I_______(meet)Lin Hong when I _______(walk)in the street . While Han Meimei _______(sweep)the floor , Lucy _______(carry) water. When the students ________(have)a meeting, the teacher _______(come) in . 4.由when、after、before、by the time引导的时间状语从句的时态：
主、从句的谓语动作都以完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。 When they _______(get) to the cinema last light , the film ________(start) .
I _________(go) out with my friends after I _______(finish) all the homework last night .
考点十七：宾语从句
一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). ―一随主‖指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致. She said ―I like playing basketball‖.
She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .
2). ―二随宾‖指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
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考编英语专业知识
She asked Tom ―Can I have a look at your picture‖.
She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture .
3). ―第三人称不更新‖指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变. She said to me ―They want to help me‖. She told me that _____ _____ to help me . 2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化 指示代词 this that now today this morning three days ago Last week tomorrow next year 地点 状语 动词 here come 直接引语 that those then that day that morning three days before the week before the next / following day the next year there go 间接引语 时间状语二. 宾语从句的考查
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1.考查宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+…… Do you know when __________?
A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有： 1).who在从句中作主语。
Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿) 2).what’s wrong / the matter ?
He asked what was the matter with me . 3).what happened
I don’t know what happened yesterday . 4).which is the way to ….?
Can you tell me which is the way to the park ? 2.考查宾语从句的引导词
1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said ―I’m gald to see you‖ = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me . 2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .
He saked me ―Are you going to Wuhan ?‖ = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan. I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that
3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
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考编英语专业知识
Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman . A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth . ―Don’t open the door‖ The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door . 3.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor .
A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked ____________.
A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.
A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year. Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.
2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。 Could you tell me _______?
A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing
4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。
条件/时间状语从句 宾语从句 if 如果、假如 是否 When 当…的时候 什么时候 if/when从句的时态 一般现在时 一般将来时 Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free. A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be
Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ? When he _____ here , please call me .
A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化：
1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”. I hope I can meet you again . I hope _____ _____ you again .
2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.
I don’t know what I should do next . I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next . Could you tell me how I can get there ? Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there ? John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy . John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .
3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”. I heard that they were singing in the next room.= I heard _____ _____ in the next room .
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考编英语专业知识
We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree . We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.
考点十八：定语从句
一、定语从句（一）： 1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3.关系词：
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。 4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。 关系词 that which who whom whose 指代 既指人也指物 指物 指人 指人 既指人也指物 在定语从句中的作用 作主语、宾语 作主语、宾语 作主语 作宾语 作定语 二、定语从句（二）
1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for . 3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school . 4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .= I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian . 5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。 1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。 This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。 The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。 His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。 1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。 Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。 There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。 He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
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考编英语专业知识
三、定语从句（三）。
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ? = Is this the house _____ you lived in ? 2.由when引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。 When was the last time you saw the parrot ? 3.由why引导的定语从句。
先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。 We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come . 四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 The story _____ he told was very popular . A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs . She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。 Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4.定语从句中whose 的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate . A. who B. whose C. which D. that
I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good. 五、定语从句的简化
把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。 1.She reveived a box which was full of presents . She reveived a box _____ _____ presents .
2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun . 3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it . I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it .
4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress . Do you know the girl ______ a red dress .
第三部分：补全对话
考点1.打电话用语：
一、拨电话方的交际用语：
1.Could /May/Can I speak to …,please ? 请找…接电话，好吗？
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