专升本英语命题剖析与复习指导(4)

2019-04-14 21:29

题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力,难度比较大。这就要求考生能从宏观上把握整篇文章,结合每一段主旨,得出整篇文章的中心思想。即作者的写作目的:就是要求将聪明的学生和普通学生混合在一起上课。故正确答案是A项。

三、完形填空

1、解题步骤

1)通览全文,了解大意

由于完形填空测试考生在语篇水平上综合运用语言的能力,考生在回答问题之前应花几分钟时间快速阅读全文一至两遍,目的是抓住文章的主题,搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。在阅读过程中,能根据自己的“语感”,确定自己最有把握的题目。 2)逐题斟酌,初做答案

在了解文章的大意后,第二步就可以结合文章内容,逐题做出答案。在填每个空格时,按照先句法,后语法、语义、逻辑关系及固定搭配的次序从各个角度进行考虑,初步做出每个小题的答案。如果有的答案一时做不上来,应立即跳过去,继续往下做。 3)前后照应,寻找线索

对于较难的题目,要反复阅读其前后的句子,联系上下文,寻找信息词。因为句子中的空格除了由该句的信息词提供信息外,往往还由另一个句子中提供信息。因此,考生要仔细琢磨句与句之间的关系,领会信息词的暗示,作出最合乎逻辑的答案。 4)重读原文,核实答案

所有题目做完后(实在不会的题目先空着),考生应从头至尾再通读全文,通读的目的是再一次通过“语感”来核实自己的答案。这次通读,不仅可以改正填错的词,还会在阅读过程中得到一些启发,把之前做不上来的题目做上来。? 2、考点分析 1)语法判断

从语法结构、习惯搭配或习惯用语用法的角度思考解题。 2)篇章理解

根据上下文含义(或信息词),选择词义各异的词。 3)词义辨析

根据上下文含义(或信息词),对备选答案中的同义词或近义词作出辨析。 4)语法、语义结合解题法

用语法规则和句子含义相结合选择答案。 【真题再现】

Mrs. Jones was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like a woman half her age. She loved driving very fast, and was proud of the fact 1 she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 2 a driving offence (犯规,犯法).

Then one day she nearly 3 her record. A police car 4 her, and the policemen in it saw her 5 a red light without stopping. Of course, she was stopped. It seemed 6 that she would be punished. 7 Mrs. Jones came up to the judge, he looked at her seriously and said that she was 8 old to drive a car, and that the 9 why she had not stopped at the red 10 was most probably that her eyes had become weak 11 old age, so that she had simply not seen it.

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When the judge had finished what he was 12 , Mrs. Jones opened the big handbag she was 13 and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 14 a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at her first attempt.

When she had 15 done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed 16 the needle and the thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your 17. I suppose you drive a car, and that you are quite sure about your own eyesight.”

The judge took the 18 and tried to thread it. After half a dozen tries, he had still not succeeded. The case (案例) against Mrs. Jones was 19 , and her record 20 unbroken. 1. A. which B. when C. that D. this

【解析】选C,此题是语法判断题,fact后接that, 因为that 引导的是一个同位语从句。 2. A. about B. on C. to D. for

【解析】选D,此题是篇章理解题,for表示被惩罚的原因,上下文意思是“在她45年的驾驶生涯中,从来没有因为违规被处罚过”。 3. A. kept B. won C. missed D. lost

【解析】选D,此题是篇章理解题,上下文意思是“她始终保持着记录,但那天她差点儿丢了这个记录,因为她闯了红灯。”

4. A. watched B. passed C. followed D. ran after

【解析】选C,此题是词义辨析题,watch表示“注视着”,pass表示“经过”,follow表示“跟随”,ran after表示“追赶”, 此处表达“一辆警车跟在她后面”。 5. A. pass B. go C. run D. rush

【解析】选C,此题是词义辨析题,run a red light为固定用法,表示“闯红灯”。 6. A. sure B. indeed C. certain D. perhaps

【解析】选C,此题是语法和词义结合题,用certain,不用sure,因为sure 常用人作主语 7. A. Before B. While C. Until D. When

【解析】选D,此题是语法判断题,came为瞬间动词,while、until后接表示延续性的动作,before不符合句义。 8. A. so B. very C. too D. quite

【解析】选C,此题是语法判断题,这是too…to结构,表示太…而不能。 9. A. cause B. reason C. matter D. trouble

【解析】选B,此题是词义辨析题,cause 表示“火灾、水灾或事故的起因”,reason“某事

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某现象的理由”,matter“事件”, trouble“麻烦”。 10. A. light B. lamp C. sign D. one

【解析】选A,此题是词义辨析题,同时可根据前文“saw her 5 a red light without stopping”可知。

11. A. with B. because C. for D. of

【解析】选A,此题是语法、词义结合题,for、because后跟表示原因的句子,with此处相当于because of。

12. A. speaking B. saying C. talking D. telling

【解析】选B,此题是词义辨析题,speak的意思是“说话”,作不及物动词,通常指说话的能力和方式,say 意思是“说”,强调说话内容,talk 意思是“谈”,与介词to 或with 连用表示“与…交谈”,与介词about 或of连用表示“谈论…内容”, tell的意思是“讲”、“告诉”,作及物动词,意为“讲述”、“告诉”,指把一件事或一个故事讲出来,有连续述说的意思。 13. A. holding B. getting C. carrying D. bringing

【解析】选C,此题是词义辨析题,hold表示“保持某种状态”,get表示“得到,获得”,carry表示“随身携带”,bring表示“带来”。 14. A. took B. brought C. picked D. chose

【解析】选D,此题是词义辨析题,take表示“带来”;bring表示“带走”;pick表示“挑选”,强调仔细挑剔和苛刻地选择;choose表示“选择,挑选”,侧重于通过意志或判断,是最普通的用语。因此选chose,意思是“琼斯太太挑选了一根小眼的针”。 15. A. quickly B. slowly C. suddenly D. successfully

【解析】选D,此题是篇章理解题,根据上下文可知,老太太显然是成功了。 16. A. both B. all C. neither D. either

【解析】选A,此题是词义辨析题 ,both表示“两者都”,all表示“三者或三者以上都”,neither表示“两者都不”,either表示“或者A或者B”。 17. A. time B. turn C. chance D. job

【解析】选B,此题是词义辨析题 ,your turn表示“该轮到你了”。 18. A. thread B. glasses C. needles D. needle

【解析】选D,此题是篇章理解题,因为后面她要thread it。 19. A. dismissed B. passed C. settled D. studied

【解析】选A,此题是篇章理解题,表示“对琼斯太太的起诉被撤销”,后文与之相对应的是“琼斯太太继续保持着她的未违规记录”。 20. A. was B. kept C. seemed D. remained

【解析】选D,此题是词义辨析题,remain表示过去是这样,现在仍保持这一状态,seem

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语气不够肯定,kept此处应用was kept。

四、翻译

英译汉句子翻译是测试考生将英语翻译成汉语的能力。由于这些句子均来自阅读理解,而且是阅读理解中的长句和难句,这就要求考生在对整个段落的整体把握基础上,进一步对重点和难点句子进行确切深入的理解,然后将其翻译成汉语。因此,考生在做本部分试题时,可运用以下解题步骤:

1、略读全句,结合上下文意思,从整体上把握句子大意。

2、认真分析所要求翻译的句子,首先锁定连词,其次划分主句和从句,最后明确主句和从句关系。

3、搞清楚各个句子的主干结构,明确代词所指代意思,再分析是否存在强调、省略、倒装等结构。

4、进一步细化,分析关键词汇及习惯用法,领会句子的整体意义。

5、把握好谓语动词的特点,在明确动词的时态、语态及语气等基础上试译全句。 6、认真检查所试译的句子,检查是否有漏译或误译的现象;检查译文是否正确而又流畅地表达了原句的意思,检查是否符合汉语的表达习惯等。 【真题再现】

(83)We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full,not just their academic ability.

【解析】此题为结构简单,主要考查点是短语、词汇和汉语组织能力。词汇和短语“be concerned、the abilities of all our pupils、develop sth to the full、academic ability、”意思分别是“关心、所有学生的各项能力、充分开发、学习能力”。译文:我们关注的是充分开发所有学生的各项能力,而不仅仅是发展他们的学习能力。

(84)They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate,and to communicate effectively.

【解析】此题是how引导的宾语从句,句子比较长,但结构清晰,主要考查点是动词短语理解和汉语组织能力。短语“to cope with personal problems、to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate,to communicate effectively”意思分别是“处理个人问题、思考、决策、分析、评价、有效地交流”。译文:他们要学习思考、决策、分析、评价,并有效地进行交流,还要学习如何处理个人问题。

五、写作

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提纲式作文(Outline Composition),即给出二、三个汉语或英语提示短语作为写作框架,展开文章的一种作文形式。它也属于指导性作文(Guided Writing),是专升本大学英语考试中最常见的作文形式。此类作文具有更大的控制性,而且给出的材料更明确具体。这种作文题型以提纲的形式对作文的选材范围、立意、内容的组织等进行具体的指导。 1、提纲式作文的基本结构

提纲式作文多以英文给出题目、以中文给出提纲。以下面一篇文章为例: How to Solve the Energy Problem

1. 能源是当今人们最关心的重大问题之一。 2. 节约能源是解决这一问题的一种办法。 3. 开发新能源是最好的解决办法。 2、提纲式作文的写作要领

由于提纲材料本身决定了写作对象、范围、目的、体裁等,命题者的意图往往较容易领悟,而且在审题上一般不会出现障碍。因此,根据提纲规定的方向和范围构思和展开材料是至关重要的。写提纲式作文时,除了把握段首句作文的写作要领外,还需注意以下三个要领: (1)细心钻研提纲材料

弄清提纲的思路和旨意是写好提纲作文的前提。审题时,首先要认真阅读、仔细分析提纲材料,注意弄清以下问题:

1) 提纲材料交代的主要内容是什么 2) 反映的意义是什么 3) 要达到什么目的

4) 各个层次之间有什么联系 5) 重点在哪里。

只有对材料进行认真分析和研究,揣摩出材料的旨意,才能顺理成章地运筹,构思出合乎要求的文章。How to Solve the Energy Problem这一提纲式作文的主要思路和旨意是:能源问题人们目前人类社会面临的重大问题之一。如何解决目前的能源问题呢?节约能源是解决这一问题的一种办法,但不能从根本上解决能源问题。解决能源问题最好的办法就是开发新能源。

(2)避免简单重复提纲材料

写提纲作文要避免不假思索地围绕提纲堆砌材料,写一些“不痛不痒”的句子,或者将中文提纲简单地译成英文,或者将英文提纲生硬地搬到作文里。提纲作文不是简单地重复提纲材料的过程,而是在提纲材料的基础上,合理巧妙地构思全文,充分表现主题的过程。 (3)发展深化提纲材料

研究提纲材料时,要明确提纲材料所要体现、发展的内容。发展深化提纲材料就是要提炼主题,是对提纲材料进行的加工、补充、扩展。写好主题句是发展深化提纲的前提。主题句要写得意义完整,清晰明了,有利于段落的扩展。各段落的展开要根据提纲的来龙去脉进行。尤其要注意确定重点,选准扩充点,将较抽象的内容具体化,阐述透彻。下面以How to Solve the Energy Problem(如何解决能源问题)这篇提纲式作文为例,具体分析该提纲内容是怎样发展、深化的。

根据提纲要求,第一段应介绍能源问题的现状,解释为什么人们要尽快解决能源问题。第二段应重点解释解决能源问题的办法:号召人们节约能源。第三段是本文的重点。阐述如何从根本上解决能源问题时,切忌只简单地写出“We should take measures to solve the problem.”这样空洞的、表态性的句子,而不提出具体的解决方法。只有提出具体的解决方法,才能使文章显得充实,有说服力。根据上面的构思,我们可以列出下列提纲: Topic: Energy crisis

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Question: How to solve the energy problem?

Outline: I. Energy shortage is a very serious problem in the world

II. Conserving and saving our energy is a good way to solve the problem. Examples: some countries…..,some countries….., some countries

III. Conservation alone cannot solve the problem, and developing new energy

resources is the best way to solve the problem once for all.

或许有人会先把给出的中文的提纲细化(即列出一个更细的中文提纲),然后考虑如何将这一细化了的提纲转化为英文提纲,或者边写边考虑如何用英文表达细化了的中文提纲的内容。这样势必占用不少时间,会降低写作的速度。因此,建议大家把中文提纲细化(即构思)时,最好直接用英语列出更细的提纲。这样既可以节约不少宝贵的时间,又可以提高写作的速度。

【范文】Energy shortage is a very serious problem in the world. Many people worry that energy resources on the earth will be exhausted if we use them in an unchecked way. This, most people agree, will cause serious problems and even crisis and jeopardize the survival of mankind. On the one hand, most people agree that the problem can be solved in one way or another. One is to conserve and save our energy. Energy refers not only to coal, oil, or natural gases but also to goods, land and water, etc. Most countries have realized the wastefulness in their using of energy. They are trying to conserve energy. For example, some countries have a daylight saving system to use less electricity for lighting. Some cities have enforced water savers at public such as restrooms and bars. Some have enforced serious penalties on overuse of electricity, water, and farming land. By these means, people hope the drain on energy resources could be slowed down.

However, conservation alone cannot solve the problem. Another way, perhaps the best I think, is to develop new energy resources. Obviously, no matter how hard we try to save energy resources and how abundant they are, we will use them up sooner or later. I think there are many energy resources that we can develop and utilize. We don’t have to depend only on the current conventional energy resources. There are many other energy resources that we can develop such as nuclear power, waterpower and solar power. These resources, if developed, can completely replace the conventional energy and thus solve the problem of energy shortage.

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