There is evidence to the contrary.
Unless I heard to the contrary.
Contrast既是名词也是动词; present/in (a) sharp/striking contrast to—与...形成鲜明对比
To contrast?with---把...与...相对比--- He only seemed to contrast his present cheerfulness and felicity with the dire endurance that was over. 他只不过像是拿他 今天的欢乐幸福跟已成过去的苦痛经历做着对比.
In contrast with---与...成对比--- The beautiful stands in contrast to the ugly and develops in struggle with it. 美是跟丑相比较，并且同它作斗争发展起来的.
On the contrary和in contrast区别在于，on the contrary用于否定一个陈述，其实是围绕一个事情在讲，而in contrast是举出令一个事情并且和前一个事物相反
例如:今天很热啊，on the contrary，今天很冷---都在围绕今天讲，表示对前一句话的否定
今天很热啊，in contrast，昨天很冷
18. incur hatred招来怨恨; incur danger遭受危险
occur是一个不及物动词---occur原义为”come to one’s mind”所以occur的主语通常为某事，只是为了保持句子平衡，所以用it
It suddenly occurred to him that he hadn’t locked the door.
19. by courtesy承蒙...的好意，由于...的作用
Mr. Windaus used the photograph by courtesy of the publisher. 温道斯先生经过出版社的许可而使用照片.
This program comes by courtesy of a local company. 本节目承蒙当地一家公司的赞助才得以安排.
20. The doctor restored him to health; He was restored to health; He recovered his health; He recovered from his illness.
21. clash既是不及物动词也是名词;a border clash边境冲突; Our ideas clashed with theirs. A clash of ideas意见不合
crash既是动词也是名词 crash into; collide with类似还有 bump into, drive into; run into碰上，装上
crush意思是碾碎，镇压 They crushed the revolt/their enemy.
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1. create the characters造人物;create a sensation引起轰动;create disturbance引起骚动 塑
give credit to?相信--- Dyou give credit to what the man said? o
Do credit to?为...增光--- His good performance In school do great credit to his mother 他在学校的优良表现为他母亲带来极大的荣誉
2. discriminate既是及物动词也是不及物动词;在做”区别，辨别”的时候是一个及物动词discriminate good from bad; 而在做”歧视，或者有差别地对待时”是一个不及 物动词，需要加介词against---No one should be discriminated against.
3. be critical of对...挑剔，对...吹毛求疵，对...持批评态度(星火在解释中并没有提及对...持批评态度这个意思，但是实际例句中还是有的)
Don't be critical of him; he is a beginner. \不要对他挑剔,他是初学者.\
It is difficult enough to be critical of our own mistakes. 对我们自己的错误采取批评的态度确实非常困难.
To criticize sb for sth---Western countries criticize us for violating human rights. 西方国家说我们侵犯了人权，
4. take up one’s cross背十字架，承受苦难---and take up the cross of a long, dreary, aching afternoon, 她只好在痛苦中熬过那漫长而令人乏味的下午.
5. 海关the Customs; 关税 customs duty
Be accustomed to (sth/do/doing)
6. condemn除了表示”判...刑，宣告...有罪)还可以表示谴责，当做谴责时使用condemn sb for sth---I did not condemn him for what he had done. 我并没有因他的所 作所为而指责他.
To indemnify sb for sth---He promised to indemnify me for my losses. 他答应赔偿我的损失.
7. endanger one’s life---危及生命
8. dare say侧重不肯定; dare to say侧重肯定
dare to struggle and dare to win敢于斗争, 敢于胜利;He will dare any danger.他敢冒任何危险.Does shedare to go alone?她敢一个人去吗?Tom didn't dare to do it.
汤姆不敢做那件事.I don't think he will dare the risk.我想他不会冒那个险.He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过那条小溪.I took his dare to jump.
我接受他的挑战而跳了.do sth. for a dare被激得做某事, 因为有人挑战所以做某事;give a dare挑战
9. out of date, up to date都做表语;而out-of-date, up-to-date做定语
10. everyday是一个定语，every day是状语---She perseveres in learning some everyday English every day.
11. decide后面可以跟很多形式 decide on doing sth; decide against doing sth; decide to do; decide not to do
suicide是一个名词 attempt suicide寻死; commit suicide自杀;而动词应该使用kill oneself
12. defend有两个意思一个是”保卫，防守”(from/against)----We must defend ourselves against the enemy.
另一个意思是”为...辩护”The lawyer defended the accused.
Take offence at(对...)生气，(因...)见怪---
I hope that you will not take offense at it. 幸勿见怪.
I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪.
13. condense a report精简一片报告;a condensed report一篇精简的报告
14. deny sb sth---拒绝给与某人某物---She can deny her son nothing.她对儿子是百依百顺(要什么就给什么).
Deny doing---否认做...
Make a denial of否认---To fully implement TCP/IP in Windows XP would make denial of service attacks a walk in the park.
15. depend/dependence/dependent + on;但是只能说independent /independently of;也只能说independence from---When did India get her independence from Britain? 印度什么时候脱离英国获得独立的?
16. ascribe/attribute sth to (doing sth)/sth
17. desert one’s post开小差
18. assert oneself坚持自己的权利(或意见)，显示自己的权威(或威力)
A leader must assert himself sometimes in order to be followed. 一个领导有时应该表现出自己的领导权威，好让别人照你说的去做.
He was never able to assert himself sufficiently. 他从来不能有效地维护自己的权利.
Exert all his strength使出全部力气; exert oneself to do努力，尽力
Exert/inflict?on---施加于; force impose?强加于
19. desire即使动词也是名词，其有两个形容词desirable意思是”某事物值得想要的”，desirous意思是”相望的，渴望的”;两个形容词后面如果接that从句，都需要使 用should的虚拟语气
Success is desirable to me.=It is desirable that I(should) succeed.----desirable to
I am desirous of success.= I am desirous that I(should) succeed.---desirous of
20. develop resources开发资源
21. devote…to(doing)sth
Vote是动词也是名词;vote for/against
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1. addict既是动词也是名词，名词意思是”有瘾的人”;be addicted to
contradict是一个及物动词，所以His story contradicted the facts.
2. dedicate/devote…to doing sth
3. deadly既是形容词，有时副词;deadly poison; deadly enemy; deadly tired
die a glorious death光荣牺牲
4. 记住一句话There is a difference of ten degree in temperature between the day and the night.
Make a/the difference有影响，起作用
One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬以千里
The rain didn't make much difference to the game. 雨对比赛没有太大影响.
Differ是一个不及物动词，有两个意思，如表示”不同”则接介词from，如表示(在意见方面)的分歧，则接介词with
I differ from you in character.
I differ with your on/about/over this subject.
同时differ from=be different from; differ with=disagree with
Differentiate是动词，既是及物动词，也是不及物动词，如表示区别区分，则加介词between，如表示分辨，区别，则使用from
I can not differentiate between goats and sheep=I can not differentiate goats from sheep.
Indifferent意思是冷漠的，不关心的，不积极的---indifferent to---She is indifferent to her address.
Confer sth on sb---The principal conferred a medal on him.
Infer from?that从...中推断出
Prefer后面要加to，同样的preferable ,也要加to，但是preference后面加for，除非使用 in preference to=rather than, instead of
I have a preference for banana. My preference is for banana rather than apples.
I should choose tea in preference to coffee.