铂-铼重整装置预加氢部分的控制系统及管理软件设计
摘 要
催化重整是石油炼制主要过程之一，采用铂铼催化剂进行重整叫铂铼重整。预加氢部分是催化重整的重要环节，重整原料油通过预加氢除去原料油中能使催化剂中毒的砷、铅、铜、汞、铁等元素及硫、氮、氧化合物，使它们的含量降到允许范围内。加氢同时还可使烯烃饱和，以减少催化剂上积炭，延长操作周期。由于现代多金属重整催化剂对原料油提出更高的要求，重整原料油的预加氢也变得更加重要。
本文主要围绕催化重整预加氢装置进行计算机控制。控制对象主要包括泵、换热器、加热炉、加氢反应器和油汽分离器。通过对工艺过程的理解和相关知识的运用，抓住预加氢装置每部分的控制要点，应用单回路和串级控制等技术确定控制方案，对温度、压力、流量和液位等工艺变量进行控制。利用组态软件完成控制系统的上位机管理系统软件，熟悉并掌握自动控制领域工程设计的基本过程及要求。完成了催化重整预加氢部分的微机监控系统。最终本系统成功地完成了预加氢的基本控制，学会了组态王的使用，实现工艺流程显示、实时数据采集、参数越限报警、数据存储及历史趋势显示、报表显示和打印等功能。
本设计提高了该装置的自动化程度，减轻了操作人员的劳动强度，有效的保证了生产的精度和可靠性。
关键词：催化重整；预加氢；控制方案；组态
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Platinum - Re Reformer Hydrogen part of the Control
System and Management Software Design
Abstract
Catalytic reforming is one of the main process of oil refining, re-use of Pt-Re catalysts were re-called Pt-Re. Part of pre-hydrogenation is an important part of catalytic reforming, restructuring feedstock material through the pre-hydrogenation to remove the oil can poison the catalyst of arsenic, lead, copper, mercury, iron and other elements and sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds, so that they reduced to the extent permitted by the content. Hydrogenation can also make olefin saturation, to reduce carbon deposition catalyst to extend the operation period. As the modern multi-metal reforming catalyst, higher feedstock requirements of the pre-reforming feedstock hydrogen becomes more important.
This paper around the catalytic reforming pre-hydrogenation of computer control devices. Control objects include pumps, heat exchanger, heating, hydrogenation reactor and the oil and gas separator. Through the process of understanding and knowledge of the use of pre-hydrogenation unit to seize control of every part of the main points of application of single-loop, proportional control and cascade control technology to determine control program, on the temperature, pressure, flow and level, etc. process control variables. Using the configuration software to complete PC control system management software, familiar with and master the field of automatic control the basic process engineering design and requirements. Completed the pre-hydrogenation
II
catalytic reforming part of the computer monitoring system. Finally, this system has successfully completed a pre-hydrogenation of the basic control, learned to use Kingview realize the process shows that real-time data acquisition, parameter Limit Alarm, data storage and display of historical trends, the report display and printing.
The design of the device to increase the degree of automation, reducing the operator's labor intensity and effective tests to ensure the accuracy and reliability.
Keywords: catalytic reforming; pre-hydrogenation; control programs; configuration
III
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................... I ABSTRACT.......................................................... II 第1章 绪 论 ......................................................... 1
1.1 引言 ......................................................... 1 1.2 加氢工艺的发展概况 ........................................... 1 1.3 加氢控制的作用与意义 ......................................... 2 第2章 预加氢工艺部分介绍 ............................................ 3
2.1 预加氢反应部分流程 ........................................... 3
2.1.1 氢气循环流程 ........................................... 3 2.1.2 重整氢一次通过流程 ..................................... 4 2.2 预加氢的化学反应 ............................................. 5
2.2.1 加氢脱硫 ............................................... 5 2.2.2 加氢脱氮 ............................................... 5 2.2.3 加氢脱氧 ............................................... 6 2.2.4 加氢脱金属 ............................................. 6 2.2.5 烯烃的加氢饱和 ......................................... 7 2.3 预加氢操作参数 ............................................... 7
2.3.1 反应温度 ............................................... 7 2.3.2 压力 ................................................... 8 2.3.3 氢油比 ................................................. 8
IV
2.3.4 空速 ................................................... 9 2.4 预加氢的主要设备 ............................................. 9
2.4.1 反应器 ................................................. 9 2.4.2 换热器 ................................................ 10 2.4.3 油气分离器 ............................................ 10 2.4.4 加热炉 ................................................ 11 2.4.5 循环氢压缩机 .......................................... 11 2.4.6 离心泵 ................................................ 11
第3章 预加氢设备的控制方案 ......................................... 13
3.1 离心泵的控制方案设计 ........................................ 13 3.2 换热器的控制方案 ............................................ 16 3.3 加热炉的控制方案 ............................................ 19 3.4 反应器的控制方案 ............................................ 22 3.5 压缩机的控制方案 ............................................ 23 3.6 控制方案总流程图 ............................................ 25 第4章 计算机控制与管理系统 ........................................ 26
4.1 工业生产过程控制系统的综述 .................................. 26 4.2 系统的硬件配置 .............................................. 27
4.2.1 硬件配置 .............................................. 27 4.2.2 下位机的选择 .......................................... 27 4.2.3 上位机的选择 .......................................... 28
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