校对与改错
PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
Passage One
It is very difficult imagine an educational system which transmits values seriously in conflict with that of the government and the state, or which contributes nothing to training young people for their future adult work-roles. However, educational systems are often only partial successful. This is partly because people have different views of what elements of culture ( norms and values) should be stressed on, and what skills are useful. Such disagreement has a fundamental basis in social structure of modem Britain because there is often a contradiction among the two functions of socialization and training. This is because the two functions are not easily separate in practice. The norms and kinds of skills they taught. The culture of the aristocracy is not the same as that of working-class neighborhoods in the inner cities. Similarly, training for different sorts of work need to be different: to be proficient in Latin is not
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useful to the shop assistant, just as expertise in woodwork is irrelevant to a university teacher.
values transmitted to any group of children have to be somehow relating to the
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Passage Two
As people live in a fast-moving world where tensions build up, die effects of long-distance miming are uplifting.
Each hill is approached as a positive challenge, causing the runner to grow strongly with each stride and leading him to tranquility and harmony. Long-distance running that helps a person to forget pressure on family
problems as well as job related annoyances. An example comes quickly in mind. One day I had a really terrible fight with my landlady over some foolish incident. I screamed and yelled at her but she very nearly threw me out. A few minutes later, I set for my daily run. By the end of the first mile, the argument seemed like the bad dream. At the end of the fourth mile, I was
full with feelings of remorse and forgiveness towards the landlady. I saw how unreasonable I have been, I stopped at the local flower shop and bought my landlady a beautiful rose. which I immediately gave her I stepped inside the house. Running has that kind of effect on most runners. It makes us feel positive and serene. Incorporating long-distance running into a daily routine will significantly change a runner's life. I do not know whether it comes from following a strict routine the improved physical condition of the runner. But I do know that people quickly become addicted to the sport.
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Passage Three
What is drug? Most of people probably think there’s a perfect simple
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answer to this question. In fact, if one carries a quick survey on any street corner,
one finds (hat, according to vast majority of people, there are two groups 2. _____ of drugs: those prescribed by doctors, and those people take for non-medical use. As medicine and medical profession are generally self-respectful, there
aren't any objections to the use of prescribed drugs. What moat people don’t realize is (hat when prescribed drugs are usually beneficial, they can also
present a serious problem. There were many people addicted by tranquillizers before doctors began to prescribe them: now there being literally millions who depend on (hem. An acceptance of the use of drugs for non-medical reasons is largely a matter of a culture. Some Eastern people think the use of alcohol with horror, mainly as a result of religious upbringing. However, these similar people freely use marijuana without a second thought, and this, in turn, isn’t accepted in Western culture which accepts alcohol. In most Western societies, the tea- or coffee-break' s now a part of the life, And huge quantities of these drinks are consumed daily.
Passage Four
In a competitive and fast-paced modem society, busy business executives are so engrossing in (heir work that they hardly know what
the word 'leisure\means. The higher an executive’s position is on the business ladder, the more hours he spends on his work. With a view to gaining greater corporate standing or a big pay rise, he, as a rule, far exceeds over the 40-hour working week.
The additional stress and tension as well as the shortage of suitable
rest and recreation very often have a disastrous effect on his health. Few such executives realize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A noted
American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relaxation to busy
executives is to avoid the types of activities that are part and parcel of their daily work and to devote themselves totally to have recreational pursuits for at least a part of each day, even it is only for half an hour.
Those jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in activities that are quiet and peaceful ― far from the madding crowd, far from client and business associates.”
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Passage Five
Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent since 1950. The domestic smoking control program has been particularly
important in achieving this result. London and other major cities no longer have the dense smoke-laden “smogs” of the 1950s but in central
London winter sunshine has increased by about 70 per cent since 1958.
Since 1990, everyday air pollution data from the British Monitoring network has made available to the public by the Department of the Environment’s Air Quantity Bulletins. These concentrated three main
pollutants-ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide — end grade air quality on a scale between “very weak” and “very good”. The
information features in television and radio weather reports appears
in many national and Local newspapers. Therefore, the data are also available on the special free telephone number and on video text Systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urbanized air quality was announced in January 1992, Three independent committees of experts have been established to advise on different aspects of the problem, and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The network will also being extended and upgraded at a cost of million.
Passage six
The amazing success of humans as a species is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which hastened to tool-using, tool-making, the ability to solve problems by logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways in that chimpanzees biologically resemble humans lies in the structure of their trains. The chimpanzee, with the
capacity for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence like that of humans than does any, other mammal living today. The brain of the modem chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar to the brain that so many millions of years ago direct the behavior of the first ape man.
In a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made tools was considered to be one of the major criterion distinguishing them from
other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion tools to “a regular and set pattern” but then, prehistoric people, after their development of stone tools.
Undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at which
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stage it seems unlikely that they made tools to a set pattern too. 7. _____
It is because the close association in most people’s minds of 8. _____ tools with humans that special attention has always been focused upon
any animal able to use an objective as a tool; but it is important to realize 9. _____ that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerning. 10. _____
Passage seven
During the traditional wedding ceremony, the bridal couple promises each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce rate
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has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that occured in the 1970s, about 50% will end in divorce, The USA 2. _____ is one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest. 3. _____
What goes wrong? That fact that divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant relationship. Just opposite is true. Americans expect a 4. _____ great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and
intellectual compatibility. They want to be loved deep and understood. 5. ______ It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorce. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimist, they end one marriage in the hope of that the next will be happier. With no-fault divorce laws in many states, It is easier than never to get a divorce. Some American Women stay in unhappy marriages because they do not have the education or job experience to support themselves and their children. But most American women believe that, if necessary, they can make it lonely without a husband. All things considered, Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage.
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Passage eight
The world is in a self-destruction mode. By this statement I mean that the people of the world are bent on making this planet inhabitable in three distinct ways. Furthermore, these three ways are all interrelated and related directly to industrialization.
The first of three is through pollution to the air, the water, or the soil. Industrialization has meant toxic fumes in the atmo- sphere and poisonous substances in the water and in the soil.
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Industry has also been responsible to noise and visual pollution:
the roar of machinery and the ugliness of factories and cheap housing developments ... these factors take the joy outside of natural 4. ______ surroundings for human beings.
However, the balance of nature has been upset. To feed the 5. ______ hungry factories, huge forests have been leveled, mountains have stripped of their protection ... The results are farther-reaching 6. ______ as we can know. 7. ______
The third and the most acute of the problem is the psycho- 8. ______ logical effect on people of increased competition and hard economic times. The reasons that people give for political unrest might be reasons
of belief or religion, but I believe that it is the desire of people to improve their standard of life that ultimately causes was. Because of the 9. ______ industrialization, much of the beauty and the simplicity of life is away. 10. _____
Passage nine
The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, Children were valued in the terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, his position in the structure of the family was one of subordination, and their psychological needs and capacities received much consideration.
As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society become, each member must fulfill the number of personal and occupational role and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right so as
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utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively in their well-being. 8. ______
This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in
child-rearing technique. People today spend a considerable portion of
their time discussing the proper way to bring about children, It is now 9. ______ possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person's
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