only about one-third of the original forested area remained, down to 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ a mere 1 percent of the stated 77,000 square miles. With wood and coal out of question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the harsh winters months for heating, some solution had to be found.
Somewhat improbable, the buffalo provided the answer. Buffalo chips were found to burn evenly, hot, and cleanly .with little smoke and, interestingly, no odor. Soon, collecting it became a way of life for the settlers’ children, would pick them up on their way to and from school, or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance. Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl wanted to marry, would arrive with a large bag of chip rather than with a box of candy or a bunch of flowers.
Passage twenty-eight
In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior than anything else on the seas that it was dubbed \
sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3, 500 passengers.
Many passengers were aboard the night. They rammed an iceberg, only two days by sea and more than half way between England and the New York destination. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was possible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An unextinguished fire also contributed to the ship's submersion. Panic was increased the number of casualties as people jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board on the lifeboats. Four hours after the mishap, another ship, Cartathia, rescued the survivors — less than
a third of those originally aboard.
The infamous Titanic enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its second voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12, 000 feet of water near the coast of Newfoundland, while it lies today.
Passage twenty-nine
Something has been happening to the concept of \ either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, this concept operated under common understood restrictions. It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain aspect of literature in general — the element of plot, action, or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained a
large element of invention. But, recently, the concept of \
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9. 10.
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has undergone an extension. Though still used to refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to be applied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the \ conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter. Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that \
and \
Passage thirty
The degree with which American parents are involved in their children's schools is often surprising to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations made up of both parents and teachers (usually called P. T. A. from the initials of the \Teacher Association\
and confer on various matters pertaining the school — curriculum, budgets, faculties, salaries, liberty facilities, or whatever it may be. Mothers often volunteer to help with classroom or after-school
activities. They sometimes make costumes for plays or play the piano or assist a teacher on a class field trip. Some of them give regular time, under the teacher's supervision, in working with tutor children in the classroom.
In good schools a real effort is made to have both the home and the school work together for the child's well-being. You will generally find teachers being eager to talk with you about any problems you may have concerning your child — although the larger the school
(understandably), the less likely this is to happen. What size permits, there are often parent conferences, scheduled appointments so that parents can meet privately with one or more of their child's teachers to discuss his particular problems or progress. You will have sent notices of meetings or programs with which you are invited. Do try to go to as many as you can.
Both mothers and fathers are expected to attend such meetings and to show their interest in the school. You may be invited to a \ Day,\ This is enlightening and enjoyable for most parents.
School activities provide a good way to meet your neighbors and to make friends in the community. Since Americans enjoy meeting people from other countries, you will probably find your national background a help more than a handicap in getting acquainted. This is true even if you are having trouble with the language.
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Passage thirty-one
Classic Intention Movement
In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is
“the chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. His urge to go is held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did not care of his guest's feelings he would simply get up out of his chair and to announce his departure. Tills is what his body wants to do, therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards, This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not hesitating, it would only last a fraction of the second. He would lean, push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He holds his \ post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the
get-ready moment.
Passage thirty-two
The hunter-gather tribes that today live as our prehistoric human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gathers, including the Kung of southern Africa , revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing , and only one-six are
primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gather’s calories from plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food
scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, as an hour of gathering produce 240. Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old
ages despite of the absence of medical care. They experience no obesity, and no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, no
heart disease, and their blood cholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet.
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