2018年中考英语语法知识点总结(绝对精品)(3)

2019-04-22 14:07

?考点1 基数词

(1) 基数词表示数量,后面一般接复数名词(―一‖除外)。如: seven days (2) 基数词的读法:

① 从右向左看,每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

如: 7,258,366,200 可读为: seven billion,two hundred and fifty-eight million,three hundred

and sixty-six thousand,two hundred

② 百位与十位之间要加and。 如:one hundred and twenty-five;十位与个位之间要加连词符。如:seventy-four

(3) hundred,thousand, million,billion, dozen前面有具体数字时,后面不加s 和of;如果没有具体数字, 后面必须加s 和of。如:five hundred (五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(上百万的) (4) 时间的读法

顺读法: 点钟+分钟 如:2:05 two five 3:50 three fifty 逆读法:

① 分钟 ≤ 30,用―past‖:分钟 + past + 点钟 (几点过几分)

如:4:15 four fifteen / a quarter past four 6:30 half past six = thirty past six ② 分钟> 30分钟,用―to‖:分钟(60-分钟数) + to +(点钟+1) (几点差几分) 如:7:40 twenty to eight 8:45 a quarter to nine = fifteen to nine 整点的表达 :点钟 + o'clock。 如:9:00 nine o'clock

(5) 编号的表达 名词+基数词 = the+序数词+名词

如:Lesson One = the first lesson

(6) 小数点用―point‖ ; 百分数用―percent‖的表达。如:1.4 one point four;

60% sixty percent

(7) 与表示度量衡单位的词连用:10米深/长/宽/高 ten meters deep /long /wide / tall

考点2 序数词

(1) 序数词表示顺序,前面一般有―the‖ 或代词修饰,后面一般接名词单数。

如:Monday is the second day of the week. Today is his seventeenth birthday. 注意:a / an + 序数词表示:又一,再一 (表示泛指)

I have failed twice, but I want to try a third time.

(2) 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母+s。

如:1/3 one third; 3/4 three fourths / three quarters (3) 日期的表达 月-日-年

如: It happened on January the second, 1990. / It happened on January 2,1990.

考点3 其他重点表达

半小时 half an hour 半天 half a day 两天半 two and a half days = two days and a half 一至两天 one or two days = one day or two 在20世纪90年代 in the 1990s 在他30多岁 in his thirties

再多两天 two more days = another two days

考点1:形容词、副词的基本用法

(1) 形容词一般放在名词前面, be动词后面。副词一般放在动词后面或形容词前面 ,副词一

般以ly结尾。

但有的动词后面只能用形容词。如常考词:五个感官动词:look, feel,smell, taste, sound;四个变得 :turn, get, become,go (变质); 四个句型: keep, make,think, make /stay

如:The book is interesting. This is an interesting book.

The boy looks sad.

(2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词 (something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody

anybody, nobody, everybody, everyone)时,要放在不定代词的后面。 如:The teacher has something important to tell us. (3) enough (足够) 放在名词前面,形容词、副词后面。 如:I don't have enough money to buy the bike.

考点2:形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则

基 本 变 化 规 则 (1) 一般情况下比较级在词尾直接加er,最高级加est。 (2) 以e结尾的词,在词尾加r构成比较级,加st构成最高级。 (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i, 再加er构成比较级,加est构成最高级。 例 词 small—smaller—smallest stronger—strongest nice—nicer—nicest l ate—later—latest heavy—heavier—heaviesteasier—easiest big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest easy— strong—(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写辅音字母, 再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。 (5) 其他双音节或多音节词在词前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。 important—more important—most important strongly—more strongly—most strongly 不 规 则 变 化 的 词 many / much – more – most bad / badly / ill – worse –worst far—farther—farthest (距离远) old—older—oldest (岁数大,东西旧)/ good / well – better - best little—less—least far—further—furthest (深入的,) old—elder—eldest (辈份大) 形容词等级口诀 比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er,词尾若有哑音就可以直接加r。 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。辅音字母后有y,把y改成i。 最高级加-est,莫忘前面加the。形容词若是多音节,记得前面加more、most。 ?考点3:形容词、副词的基本句型

(1) 原级的用法

句型 例句 ① very, quite, rather, too, enough, so ① The street is very busy. 等词修饰原级 ② The book is quite interesting. ② 表示 A 与B一样时,用: A …+as+原级 +as +B (和……一样) ① Tom is as tall as Kate. ② Tom runs as quickly as Kate ③ 表示 A 不如B 时, 用: A…+not +as / so +原级 +as+B (不如) ① This story isn't as / so interesting as that one. ② My brother doesn't write as / so well as me. (2) 比较级的用法 (两者的比较或选择)

句型 例句 ① 比较级 + than + 被比较的对象 ① He is taller than his father. ② Who jumps higher, Tom or Jim? ② 比较级+ and + 比较级 more and more +原级 ③ the + 比较级, the + 比较级 (越……,越……) ④ less +原级+ than (不如) ① hotter and hotter 越来越热 ② more and more useful 越来越有用 ① The more you take exercise, the healthier you will be. ① The room is less beautiful than that one. ⑤ the + 比较级 + of the two (两者中更…:) 注意: 比较级前面还可以用以下词来修饰:much(得多), a little/a bit ( 有点), even(甚至), far(远远地), still(仍然), three times (三倍)等。 例如: Why not get up a little earlier? The book is twice cheaper than that one.

① Jim is the taller of the two. (3) 最高级的用法 (三者或以上的比较或选择)

句型 ① the + 最高级 +of / in +比较的范围 例句 ① I am the earliest in my class every day. ② Which do you like best, English , Chinese or math? ② one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 (最……之一) ③ the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词单数 (第几最……) 注意: (1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the:He is my best friend.

(2) 同类事物才能够相比较:The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing. (3) 最高级与比较级的转换: Shanghai is the largest city in China.

=Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国) 区别:Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本)

① This is one of the most expensive paintings in the world. ① Shanghai is the first largest city in China. 【易混词辨析】

(1)alone, lonely

① alone 形容词,―单独的,独自的‖。副词,―独自地‖。 ② lonely 形容词,―孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的‖。 (2) good, well

① good 形容词,―好的‖。

② well 副词,是―好地 ‖意思。作形容词时是―身体健康的‖。作名词时是―井‖。 (3) interesting, interested, interest ① interesting 形容词,―有趣的‖。

② interested 形容词,―感到有趣的‖。常用词组:be interested in (对……感兴趣) ③ interest 名词,―兴趣,爱好‖。动词,―使某人感兴趣‖。

注意:-ing 类形容词常用来形容物。-ed类形容词常用来形容人的感觉。

Most students are excited about the exciting film.

(4) hard, hardly

① hard形容词,―大的,困难的,硬的‖。副词,―大地,努力地‖。 ② hardly 副词,―几乎不‖。

(5) some times, sometimes, some time, sometime

① some times 几次或几倍 ②sometimes 有时=at times ③ sometime 过去或将来的某个时候 ④some time 一段时间 (6) much too, too much, too many

① much too +形容词、副词原级;表示―非常,极其,太‖ ②too much + 不可数名词;表示―太多‖。 ③too many + 名词复数; 表示―太多‖。 (7) so, such 如此;这样 ① so+adj. /adv. ; ② such (+a/an)+adj. +n. (8) either, too, also

① either和 too都放于句尾。either用于否定句,too用于肯定句。 ② also用于句子中间。We also went to see a film.

介词

考点1 表示时间的介词

① in, after, later表示时间的区别

in +时间段, 用于将来时,表示―过……后‖。 He will come back in an hour. after+一段时间,用于过去时,表示―在……以后‖。After an hour, he came back. after+时间点, 用于将来时,表示―在……以后‖。 He will come back after 5 o'clock. 时间段+ later,表示―在……之后‖。 An hour later, he came back. ② in, on, at表示时间的区别


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