含氨氮及含磷废水的处理
Study on removal of ammonia-nitrogen and
phosphorus from wastewater
毕业设计（论文）任务书
毕业设计（论文）题目： 含氨氮及含磷废水的处理 设计(论文)的基本内容： 论文针对目前工业废水中氨氮及总磷含量高，对自然水体生态污染严重，缺乏高效、可行的脱氮、脱磷技术工艺的问题点，通过开展实验研究的方法，以工业废水为研究对象，设计和开发了一种新型、高效的脱氮、脱磷污水处理技术——MAP一二级处理联合法，并通过如下实验研究论证了其有效性，考察了影响因素，优化了最佳操作条件。 一、通过开展实验研究的方法，论证利用MAP法进行废水的脱氮、脱磷处理的可行性； 二、通过开展MAP法水处理正交实验，确立各操作条件对脱氮、脱磷效果的影响，确立最佳反应条件的确立； 三、论证设立后续二级处理工艺的必要性，并通过开展对比实验的方法，评价多种二级处理的性能，进而通过解析优化，确立最佳二级处理工艺。 毕业设计（论文）专题部分： 题目： 设计或论文专题的基本内容： 学生接受毕业设计（论文）题目日期
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含氨氮及含磷废水的处理
摘 要
排入到自然水体的污水中氨氮和磷的超标是造成水体富营养化的直接原因，随着社会的发展，氨氮排放量日益增加，我国各大水系富营养化现象日趋严重，也已造成了巨大的经济损失和环境破坏。并且，氨氮在水体中还可以转化为“三致（致癌、致畸、致突变）”物质—亚硝酸盐，严重威胁动物和人类的健康。因此，及早开发研制出高效、低成本、行之有效的脱氮除磷技术，已成为我国在治理水污染方面亟待解决的重要课题。
本文以辽宁省某发电厂产生的含氨氮含磷废水为研究对象，先后探讨了利用磷酸铵镁沉淀法（MAP法）结合包括土壤渗透过滤法、沸石吸附处理法、粉煤灰处理法、生石灰化学沉淀法等在内的二级工艺处理法去除原水中氨氮和总磷的可行性及影响要素。
研究表明，在利用MAP法去除污水中氨氮时，当控制pH=10.3，并采用Na3PO4.12H2O和MgCl2.6H2O为沉淀试剂，按n(Mg2+) :n(N ) : n(PO43-) =1:1:0.8比例调配及搅拌55min的情况下，可以获得氨氮去除率为80%的最佳去除效果。污水经MAP法处理后，如果继续采用土壤渗析处理法、粉煤灰处理法、生石灰化学沉淀法等中的任何一种二级处理法进行后续处理的话，不仅可以有效去除水中残余的氨氮，使出水达到国家相关污水排放标准，同时对磷具有较高的去除效果，去除率可达92%以上，且不会造成二次污染。
关键词：氨氮废水，磷酸铵镁法，化学沉淀法，总磷，二级工艺
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Study on removal of ammonia-nitrogen and
phosphorus from wastewater
Abstract
The exceeding nitrogen and phosphorus come from sewage is the direct reason of eutrophication. As the development of society, the emission of nitrogen is increasing rapidly which makes the problem of the country’s major water system eutrophication more and more serious and causes great economic losses and environmental damage. In addition, the ammonia in wastewater would be transformed into nitrite which is a serious threat to animal and human health. Therefore, it’s necessary for our country to find a efficient and inexpensive way to remove nitrogen and phosphorus.
In this article, we regard wastewater which contains ammonia-nitrogen and phosphorus from certain power plant in Liaoning Province as the study sample. Then through a series of researches, we have explored the feasibility and factors in the way of using MAP to remove ammonia nitrogen and TP in original sample together with second process including soil dialysis treatment, zeolum adsorption treatment, flyash treatment and quicklime precipitate process, etc.
It turns out that when using the MAP to remove the ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater, it will gain the best perform, 80 percent removal, by controlling the pH at 10.3, using the Na3PO4.12H2O and MgCl2.6H2O as precipitant, setting the n(Mg2+) :n(N ) : n(PO43-) equal to 1:1:0.8 and deploying and stirring for 55 minutes. In addition, the research shows that when treating the wastewater with MAP, if we use one of the second processes including soil dialysis treatment, flyash treatment, quicklime precipitate process to do the follow-up treatment, it will not only remove the remained ammonia nitrogen in the water efficiently and meet the emission standards at the national level, but also will gain great effect in removing the phosphorus by over 92 percent and cause no second pollution.
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