（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. （2）用以代替提示代词this, that。
—What’s this? —It’s a knife. —Whose watch is that? —It’s mine.
（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.
（4）指环境情况等 It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment. （5）指时间、季节等。 —What time is it? —It’s eight o’clock.
（6）指距离。 It is a long way to the school.
（7）作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two days. （8）作形式宾语。I think it no use arguing with him. （9）用于强调结构。It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.
含有“It is ?”的句型
（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气)
（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.
通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。
（3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）
能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：It is natural that he（should）say so. （4）It is no use/ good + doing sth.
It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again. （5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + ?
It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend. It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work. （6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known ? that?
（7）It is/was + 时间 + since ? 从??已多久了。
It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。
It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。
（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。） （8）It is + 时间 + before ?
这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。
It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。
It was not long before they set out for the front.不久他们就出发去了前线。
（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third ? time that ? It is the first time that I have been here./It was the second time that he had seen the film.
（10）It is up to sb. to do sth ? 应由某人做某事。 It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.
1．The language which the Maori speak is related to the larguages of Tahiti and Hawaii．
be related to…与……有联系，与…有关。例如：
1) All things are related to all other things．所有事物与其他事物都有联系。
2) How are you related to her? 你跟她有什么亲戚关系？ 2．Maori families enjoy sharing what they own and looking after one another．
A．share可表示(两人以上)共同使用；分享。例如：
1) Mary and I will share a room．我和玛丽二人合住一个房间。 2) They would share the joys and sorrows．他们将同甘共苦。 B．share…with(among, between) 与……共同使用，分担……。例如：
1) The boy shared his toy with other children．那男孩把他的玩具拿出来，和其他小孩子一起玩。
2) Why don't we share the expenses among us？我们为什么不一起来分担费用呢？
3．Apart from their milk, the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing.
A．apart from 意为“除……外”，等于besides.例如： 1) Apart from them, I had no one to talk to．除了他们，我无人说话。
2) Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time．除了花钱，还要花很多时间。
B．apart from还可意为“除掉”、“只是……否则”，等except for。例如：
Apart from that, all goes well．除那个以外，一切都好。 1．Look at the map of China and the names of countries，islands and seas beyond China.
看看中国地图以及除中国外的其他国家、岛屿和海洋的名字。 beyond在本句中为介词，意为“在……的那边，远于；超出；除……之外。”如：
The apples on the tree are beyond my reach. 我够不着树上的苹果。