兰定居了，毛利人跟这些定居者签订了一份协议。
①by是介词，在此句中意思是“到……时为止”，表示时间。其后若跟过去时间，时态多用过去完成时；其后若跟将来时间，时态多用将来完成时。如：
By the age of fourteen，he had learned advanced maths. 到十四岁时，他已学习高等数学。
By the end of this term，we’ll have learned 3000 English words. 到本学期末为止，我们将学会三千英语单词。
②settle意为“定居；安置，安顿；解决，确定；使平静”。如： She has settled happily in America. 她在美国愉快地定居了。 We are settled in our new home. 我们入住新居。 We have settled who will pay for the meal. 我们已经定了由谁来付饭钱。
Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。
③sign在此句中是动词，意为“签名（于），署名（于）。”如： Both parties have signed the contract. 双方已经在合同上签字了。 ④agreement为名词，意为“协议，协定，同意，一致，契约”。如： His opinion is in agreement with mine. 他的意见和我的一致。
They have made an agreement about the plan. 他们在这个计划上意见一致了。
12．New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people，of which about 14 percent are Maori.
新西兰人口大约有三百八十万，其中约百分之十四是毛利人。 have a population of指的是“人口数量是……”。常用在“哪个地方有多少人口”这个句型中。如：
Our city has a population of 10 million. 我们的城市有一千万人口。 population还有下列用法：
①population作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： The population of China is very large. 中国的人口很多。
②但当population前有百分数或分数时，谓语动词常用复数。如： More than eighty percent of the population of China are farmers. 中国80%以上的人口是农民。
③修饰population时，用large或small.如： The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本多。
④对population提问时，用what不用how much.如： What was the population of Europe in 2003? 2003年欧洲的人口是多少？
13．The happier events are marked with speeches, singing and dancing. 在喜庆事件中，人们发表讲话，还载歌载舞来庆祝。 mark作“标记于，打分数，标志”讲时，常与with连用。如：
The newly-painted floor was marked with footprints. 刚刚油漆过的地板留下了一些脚印。 The box is marked with“Made in China.” 那个箱子上标有“中国制造”字样。
14．New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with cattle farming on the North Island，while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. 新西兰是个重要的农业国家，在北岛上养殖牛，而多山的南岛则有更多的绵羊农场。
①with+宾语（cattle farming）+宾补（on the North Island），这是with的复合宾语结构。宾补除了是介词短语外，还可以是形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。此结构作状语。例如： The teacher entered the classroom with a book in her hand. I like sleeping with all the windows open.
Lu Xun fought against the enemy with a pen as his weapon. 鲁迅用笔作为武器跟敌人作战。
With all the problems to settle，I’ll have a hard time. 所有的问题有待于解决，我的日子将不好过。
With the boy leading the way，they had no difficulty in finding the house. 有那个男孩领着路，他们很容易地就找到了那栋房子。 With his homework finished，the boy went to bed.
②while为连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。还有“当……时，虽然”。如：
She likes English while he likes maths. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
While he loves his students，he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。 15．Some farmers have turned to keeping deer. 有一些农民已转向养鹿。
①turn to在此句中意为“转到，把……转向”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。如：
He turned to the study of medicine.他转向学医了。
After she left school，he became a teacher，but later he turned to driving. 他毕业后当过老师，后来转行开了车。
turn to还作“翻到……；向某人/某物寻求帮助/建议/同情”等。如： Please turn to page 42. 请把书翻到42页。
There was nobody in the street whom I could turn to for help. 街上没有一个我可以求助的人。 ②keep在这里解释“饲养（raise）”。
16．New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 新西兰葡萄酒质量很好，销往全世界。
be of +（adj）n意为“具有……”，其中的名词多为抽象名词，如：help，use，importance，value等；也可为具体名词，如：age，weight，height，length，width，size等。此短语在句中作表语，定语或宾语补足语。 例如：The suggestion that he gave us is of no use.（表语）
The woman of average height is our English teacher.（定语） 那位中等身材的妇女是我们的英语老师。 I found the book of great value.（宾补）
New Zealand is located in the southwest Pacific, an island. The capital is Wellington, the largest city is Auckland，New Zealand is a developed country, with a temperate maritime climate，Maori is New Zealand aborigines and the main language of New Zealand is English and Maori